The Ethics of Public Health, Volumes I and II

615 Pages·2010·15.931 MB·English

by  Michael Freeman

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The International Library of Medicine, Ethics and
Law
www.routledge.com(cid:15)aninformabusiness
The Ethics of Public Health
The International Library of Medicine, Ethics and Law
Series Editor: Michael Freeman
Titles in the Series:
Death, Dying and the Ending of Life, Genetics and Gene Therapy
Volumes I and II Sheila A.M McLean
Margaret P. Battin, Leslie P. Francis and
Bruce M Landesman Rights and Resources
Frances H. Miller
Abortion
Belinda Bennett Organ and Tissue Transplantation
David Price
Health, Rights and Globalisation
Belinda Bennett AIDS: Society, Ethics and Law
Udo Schuklenk
Health and Human Rights
Rebecca Cook and Charles Ngwena Women, Medicine, Ethics and the Law
Susan Sherwin and Barbara Parish
Children, Medicine and the Law
Michael Freeman Legal and Ethical Issues in Human
Reproduction
Ethics and Medical Decision-Making Bonnie Steinbock
Michael Freeman
Medical Practice and Malpractice
The Ethics of Public Health, Harvey Teff
Volumes I and II
Michael Freeman Human Experimentation and Research
George F Tomossy and David N. Weisstub
Mental Illness, Medicine and Law
Martin Lyon Levine Neuroethics
Paul Root Wolpe
The Elderly
Martin Lyon Levine
The Ethics of Public Health,
Volume II
Edited by
Michael Freeman F.B.A.
University College London, UK
ASH GATE
©Michael Freeman 2010. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the Acknowledgements.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
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Wherever possible, these reprints are made from a copy ofthe original printing, but these can themselves
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some variability may inevitably remain.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
The ethics of public health.
Volumes l and 2. - (The international library of medicine,
ethics and law)
l. Public health-Moral and ethical aspects. 2. Medical
policy-Moral and ethical aspects.
I. Series II. Freeman, Michael D. A.
l74.2'9444-dc22
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009924480
ISBN: 978-0-7546-2605-3
Mixed Sources
Product group from well-managed
forests and other controlled sources Printed and bound in Great Britain by
w© w19w9.6fs Fco.orersgt SCteewrta rndos.h SipG CS-oCuOncCil- 2482 TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
Contents
Acknowledgements XI
Series Preface XIII
Introduction XV
PART I THE SARS CRISIS
David P. Fidler (2003), 'SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalian
Pathogen', Journal ofL aw, Medicine and Ethics, 31, pp. 485-505. 3
2 Ruotao Wang (2004), 'China's Response to SARS', Temple Law Review, 77,
pp. 149-53. 25
3 Peter A. Singer, Solomon R. Benatar, Mark Bernstein, Abdullah S. Daar,
Bernard M. Dickens, Susan K. MacRae, Ross E.G. Upshur, Linda Wright
and Randi Zlotnik Shaul (2003), 'Ethics and SARS: Lessons from Toronto',
British Medical Journal, 327, pp. 1342-44. 31
PARTII HIVANDAIDS
4 Kelley Lee and Anthony B. Zwi (1996), 'A Global Political Economy
Approach to AIDS: Ideology, Interests and Implications', New Political
Economy, 1, pp. 355-73. 37
PART III BIOTERRORISM
5 Ronald Bayer and James Colgrove (2003), 'Rights and Dangers: Bioterrorism
and the Ideologies of Public Health', in Jonathan D. Moreno (ed.), In the
Wake ofTerror: Medicine and Morality in a Time ofCrisis, MIT Press:
Cambridge, MA, pp. 51-74. 59
6 Heather H. Horton, James J. Misrahi, Gene W. Matthews and Paula L. Kocher
(2002), 'Critical Biological Agents: Disease Reporting as a Tool for
Determining Bioterrorism Preparedness', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics,
30,pp.262-66. 83
7 James G. Hodge, Jr. (2002), 'Bioterrorism Law and Policy: Critical Choices in
Public Health', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30, pp. 254-61. 89
8 George J. Annas (2003), 'Blinded by Bioterrorism: Public Health and Liberty
in the 21st Century', Health Matrix, 13, pp. 33-70. 97
9 Wendy E. Parmet (2003), 'Quarantine Redux: Bioterrorism, AIDS and the
Curtailment of Individual Liberty in the Name of Public Health', Health Matrix,
13, pp. 85-116. 135
10 Jonathan D. Moreno (2004), 'Bioethics and the National Security State',
Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 32, pp. 198-208. 167
vi The Ethics of Public Health, Volume JJ
II Richard Horton (2001), 'Public Health: A Neglected Counterterrorist Measure',
Lancet, 358, pp, I I 12-13. 179
PART IV AVIAN FLU
12 Lawrence 0. Gostin (2004), 'Pandemic Influenza: Public Health Preparedness
for the Next Global Health Emergency', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics,
32, pp. 565-73. 183
13 Jaro Kotalik (2005), 'Preparing for an Influenza Pandemic: Ethical Issues',
Bioethics, 19,pp.422-31. 193
PART V CLIMATE CHANGE
14 Lisa Heinzerling (2008), 'Climate Change, Human Health, and the
Post-Cautionary Principle', Georgetown Law Journal, 96, pp. 445-60. 205
PART VI TOBACCO CONTROL
15 Robert E. Goodin (1989), 'The Ethics of Smoking', Ethics, 99,
pp.574-624. 223
16 Stephen Wilkinson (1999), 'Smokers' Rights to Health Care: Why the
"Restoration Argument" is a Moralising Wolf in a Liberal Sheep's Clothing',
Journal ofA pplied Philosophy, 16, pp. 255--69. 275
17 Timothy D. Lytton (2004), 'Using Litigation to Make Public Health Policy:
Theoretical and Empirical Challenges in Assessing Product Liability,
Tobacco, and Gun Litigation', Journal ofL aw, Medicine and Ethics,
32, pp. 556-64. 291
PART VII VACCINATION
18 Tim Dare (1998), 'Mass Immunisation Programmes: Some Philosophical
Issues', Bioethics, 12, pp. 125--49. 303
19 Thomas May (2005), 'Public Communication, Risk Perception, and the
Viaibility of Preventive Vaccination against Communicable Diseases',
Bioethics, 19, pp. 407-21. 329
20 Angus Dawson (2005), 'The Determination of"Best Interests" in Relation
to Childhood Vaccinations', Bioethics, 19, pp. 188-205. 345
21 Jeffrey B. Ulmer and Margaret A. Liu (2002), 'Ethical Issues for Vaccines
and Immunization', 2, Nature Reviews, Immunology, pp. 291-96. 363
PART VIII PUBLIC HEALTH AND GENETIC HEALTH
22 Muin J. Khoury and the Genetics Working Group ( 1996), 'From Genes to
Public Health: The Applications of Genetic Technology in Disease
Prevention', American Journal of Public Health, 86, pp. 1717-22. 371
The Ethics of Public Health, Volume JJ vii
23 Evan Willis (2002), 'Public Health and the "New" Genetics: Balancing Individual
and Collective Outcomes', Critical Public Health, 12, pp. 139-51. 377
24 Scott Burris and Lawrence 0. Gostin (1998), 'Genetic Screening from a
Public Health Perspective: Some Lessons from the HIV Experience', in
Mark A. Rothstein (ed.), Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Corifidentiality
in the Genetic Era, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 137-58. 391
25 Bartha Maria Knoppers (2005), 'Biobanking: International Nonns', Journal
of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 33, pp. 7-14. 413
26 Lori B. Andrews (2005), 'Harnessing the Benefits of Biobanks', Journal of
Law, Medicine and Ethics, 33, pp. 22-30. 421
27 Mark A. Rothstein (2005), 'Genetic Exceptional ism and Legislative Pragmatism',
Hastings Center Report, 35, pp. 27-33. 431
PART IX PUBLIC HEALTH AND EQUITY
28 Dan W. Brock (2004), 'Ethical Issues in the Use of Cost Effectiveness
Analysis for the Prioritisation of Health Care Resources', in Sudhir Anand,
Fabienne Peter and Amartya Sen (eds), Public Health, Ethics and Equity,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 201-23. 441
29 Fabienne Peter (200 I), 'Health Equity and Social Justice', Journal ofA pplied
Philosophy, 18, pp. 159-70. 465
30 Simon Szreter and Michael Woolcock (2003), 'Health by Association?
Social Capital, Social Theory, and the Political Economy of Public Health',
International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, pp. 650-67. 4 77
PART X PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE DEVELOPING WORLD
31 Paul Farmer and Nicole Gastineau Campos (2004), 'Rethinking Medical Ethics:
A View from Below', Developing World Bioethics, 4, pp. 17--41. 497
32 Rebecca J. Cook and Bernard M. Dickens (2002), 'The Injustice of Unsafe
Motherhood', Developing World Bioethics, 2, pp. 64-81. 523
33 Sarah Macfarlane, Mary Racelis and Florence Muli-Musiime (2000),
'Public Health in Developing Countries', Lancet, 356, pp. 841--46. 541
34 Solomon R. Benatar (2001), 'Justice and Medical Research: A Global
Perspective', Bioethics, 15, pp. 333--40. 547
35 Ruairi Brugha and Gill Walt (2001), 'A Global Health Fund: A Leap of Faith?',
British Medical Journal, 323, pp. 152-54. 555
36 David P. Fidler and Lawrence 0. Gostin (2006), 'The New International Health
Regulations: An Historic Development for International Law and Public Health',
Journal ofL aw, Medicine and Ethics, 34, pp. 85-94. 559
Index 569

Acknowledgements
The editor and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright
material.
British Medical Journal for the essays: Peter A. Singer, Solomon R. Benatar, Mark Bernstein,
Abdullah S, Daar, Bernard M. Dickens, Susan K. MacRae, Ross E.G. Upshur, Linda Wright
and Randi Zlotnik Shaul (2003), 'Ethics and SARS: Lessons from Toronto', British Medical
Journal, 327, pp. 1342-44. Copyright© 2003 British Medical Journal; Ruairi Brugha and Gill
Walt (200 1), 'A Global Health Fund: A Leap of Faith?', British Medical Journal, 323, pp. 152-
54. Copyright© 2001 British Medical Journal.
Case Western Reserve University, School of Law for the essays: George J. Annas (2003),
'Blinded by Bioterrorism: Public Health and Liberty in the 21st Century', Health Matrix,
13, pp. 33-70. Copyright© 2003 Case Western Reserve University, School of Law; Wendy
E. Parmet (2003), 'Quarantine Redux: Bioterrorism, AIDS and the Curtailment of Individual
Liberty in the Name of Public Health', Health Matrix, 13, pp. 85-116. Copyright© 2003 Case
Western Reserve University, School of Law.
Elsevier Limited for the essays: Richard Horton (2001), 'Public Health: A Neglected
Counterterrorist Measure', Lancet, 358, pp. 1112-13. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Ltd; Sarah
Macfarlane, Mary Racelis and Florence Muli-Musiime (2000), 'Public Health in Developing
Countries', Lancet, 356, pp. 841-46. Copyright© 2000 Elsevier Ltd.
Georgetown Law Journal for the essay: Lisa Heinzerling (2008), 'Climate Change, Human
Health, and the Post-Cautionary Principle', Georgetown Law Journal, 96, pp. 445-60.
Copyright© 2008 Lisa Heinzerling.
John Wiley and Sons for the essays: David P. Fidler (2003), 'SARS: Political Pathology of
the First Post-Westphalian Pathogen', Journal ofL aw, Medicine and Ethics, 31, pp. 485-505.
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley and Sons; Heather H. Horton, James J. Misrahi, Gene W.
Matthews and Paula L. Kocher (2002), 'Critical Biological Agents: Disease Reporting as a
Tool for Determining Bioterrorism Preparedness', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30,
pp. 262-66. Copyright© 2002 John Wiley and Sons; James G. Hodge, Jr. (2002), 'Bioterrorism
Law and Policy: Critical Choices in Public Health', Journal ofL aw, Medicine and Ethics, 30,
pp. 254-61. Copyright© 2002 John Wiley and Sons; Jonathan D. Moreno (2004), 'Bioethics
and the National Security State', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 32, pp. 198-208.
Copyright© 2004 John Wiley and Sons; Lawrence 0. Gostin (2004), 'Pandemic Influenza:
Public Health Preparedness for theNe xt Global Health Emergency', Journal ofL aw, Medicine
and Ethics, 32, pp. 565-73. Copyright© 2004 John Wiley and Sons; Jaro Kotalik (2005),
'Preparing for an Influenza Pandemic: Ethical Issues', Bioethics, 19, pp. 422-31. Copyright
© 2005 John Wiley and Sons; Stephen Wilkinson (1999), 'Smokers' Rights to Health Care: