The Ethics of Captivity PDF
Preview The Ethics of Captivity
The Ethics of Captivity The Ethics of Captivity EDITED BY LORI GRUEN 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–997799–4 (hbk.); 978–0–19–997800–7 (pbk.) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Contributors ix Introduction 1 Lori Gruen CONDITIONS OF CAPTIVITY 1. Canis familiaris: Companion and Captive 7 Alexandra Horowitz 2. Cetacean Captivity 22 Lori Marino 3. Captive Elephants 38 Catherine Doyle 4. Captive Chimpanzees 57 Stephen R. Ross 5. Rabbits in Captivity 77 Margo DeMello 6. Captivity in the Context of a Sanctuary for Formerly Farmed Animals 90 Miriam Jones 7. Life Behind Bars 102 John Bryant, James Davis, David Haywood, Clyde Meikle, and Andre Pierce 8. Political Captivity 113 Lauren Gazzola CHALLENGES OF CAPTIVITY 9. For Their Own Good: Captive Cats and Routine Confinement 135 Clare Palmer and Peter Sandøe vi Contents 10. Born in Chains? The Ethics of Animal Domestication 156 Alasdair Cochrane 11. The Confinement of Animals Used in Laboratory Research: Conceptual and Ethical Issues 174 Robert Streiffer 12. Captive for Life: Conserving Extinct in the Wild Species through Ex Situ Breeding 193 Irus Braverman 13. Sanctuary, Not Remedy: The Problem of Captivity and the Need for Moral Repair 213 Karen S. Emmerman 14. Dignity, Captivity, and an Ethics of Sight 231 Lori Gruen 15. Coercion and Captivity 248 Lisa Rivera Index 271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to all the contributors to this volume for their thoughtful engage- ment with the complexities of captivity. I am especially appreciative of the can- dor, passion, and expertise that authors in Part One shared. I would also like to thank the photographers who agreed to allow their photographs to be included here, particularly Jo-Anne McArthur, award-winning photojournalist whose work documenting human relations with other animals across the globe is fea- tured in the film The Ghosts in Our Machine and her book We Animals; Frank Noelker, whose photographs of captive animals in zoos, published in Captive Beauty, and chimpanzees in sanctuaries have been widely exhibited and deeply inspirational; Isa Leshko, who will be publishing her important work Elderly Animals; Susan Weingartner, an animal advocate who found her gift in photo- graphing animals; and Amy Fultz, who in addition to being a marvelous pho- tographer is Director of Behavior, Research and Education at Chimp Haven. Special thanks to the incarcerated students I have worked with over the years and to a very dear group of chimpanzees who started me thinking about the ethics of captivity almost a decade ago: Sarah, Sheba, Emma, Harper, Keeli, Ivy, and the late Darrell. Alexis Sturdy, Maddie Neufeld, Kristen Olson, and pat- trice jones provided inspiration and/or assistance along the way. I am delighted that Peter Ohlin has enthusiastically supported this volume and thank him and Emily Sacharin for seeing it into print. CONTRIBUTORS Irus Braverman is Professor of Law and Adjunct Professor of Geography at SUNY Buffalo. Her current interests lie in the interdisciplinary study of law, anthropology, and animality. Braverman has written about zoos, animals in the city, and the in situ–ex situ divide in nature conservation. She is the author of House Demolitions in East Jerusalem: “Illegality” and Resistance (2004), Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine (2009), and Zooland: The Institution of Captivity (2012). Braverman is currently coediting The Expanding Spaces of Law: A Timely Legal Geography and completing a manuscript entitled Managing Wildlife. John Bryant, James Davis, David Haywood, Clyde Meikle, and Andre Pierce are currently enrolled in college courses while they are collectively serving 225 years in a maximum security men’s prison. Haywood, Meikle, and Pierce have been university students since 2009, Bryant and Davis since 2011. Alasdair Cochrane is Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Sheffield. A prominent theme of his research has been the value of liberty to animals. This is most directly discussed in Animal Rights without Liberation (2012), and “Do Animals Have an Interest in Liberty?” Political Studies 57 (2009). He is also the author of An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010). Margo DeMello is a cultural anthropologist and currently lectures at Central New Mexico Community College. She is the Human-Animal Studies Program Director for the Animals and Society Institute, and President of House Rabbit Society, an international rabbit advocacy organization. Her books include Stories Rabbits Tell: A Natural and Cultural History of a Misunderstood Creature (2003), Why Animals Matter: The Case for Animal Protection (2007), Teaching the Animal: Human Animal Studies Across the Disciplines (2010), Speaking for Animals: Animal Autobiographical Writing (2012), and Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies (2012).
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