The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950-85 PDF
Preview The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950-85
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 1950-85 The Establishment o f the United Arab Emirates 1950-85 ABDULLAH OMRAN TARYAM CROOM HELM London • New York • Sydney © 1987 Abdullah Omran Taryam Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row, Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT Croom Helm Australia, 44-50 Waterloo Road, North Ryde, 2113, New South Wales British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Taryam, Abdullah Omran The establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950-85. 1. United Arab Emirates — Politics and government I. Tide 320.953'57 JQ1825.U5A4/ ISBN 0-7099-4330-X Published in the USA by Croom Helm in association with Methuen, Inc. 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data ISBN 0-7099-4330-X Printed and bound in Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham Ltd, Kent Contents Maps: The Arab Gulf The Strait of Hormuz Introduction 1 1. Internal and External Influences and their Impact on the Arab Emirates 1950-60 9 The British Conquest 9 Early winds of change 13 The Trucial States Council 1952 16 Modern education, 1953 17 Commercial development of Dubai 20 Anti-British movements in the 1950s 22 The Buraimi dispute 22 The Inner Oman Revolution 25 The Bahraini Nationalist Movement 28 Iranian expansionist ambitions 30 Fragmentation as a policy 33 2. Oil and the Change in British Policy 41 Beginning of progress 41 Political awakening 43 Impact of the oil wealth 46 Arab League involvement 48 The Development Office 51 3. The British Withdrawal Decision and Local, Regional and International Reactions 64 Reason for the withdrawal decision 65 Attitudes and reactions 68 (i) United States 68 (ii) Saudi Arabia 71 (iii) Iran 73 (iv) The rulers of the emirates 76 (v) The Arab world 80 (vi) The British Conservative Party 80 (vii) The Soviet Union 83 4. The Dubai Agreement and Talks over the Proposed Nine-member Union 89 The Abu Dhabi-Dubai agreement 89 The nine-member union scheme 91 CONTENTS Constitutional differences 94 Saudi and Iranian attitudes 114 Proposed constitution 122 5. Failure of Talks about the Nine-member Union and Success of the Seven-member Union 142 Settlement of the Bahrain question 142 Resumption of talks 146 Impact of the British Conservative Party’s return to power 149 The British withdrawal 164 Emergence of the seven-member union 170 Iran’s seizure of the islands 177 Proclamation of the state of the United Arab Emirates 189 6. The Federation of the Emirates and the Conflict Between the Constitutional Structure and Regional Authorities 197 Features of the provisional Constitution 197 Establishment of the federal power structures 200 Bids to consolidate federal versus regional authority 209 Problems of regionalism and inter-emirate frontier disputes 219 Committee for a draft permanent constitution 234 Rejection of the permanent constitution and extension of the provisional constitution 238 Demand by the Cabinet and National Assembly for more federal powers 239 UAE joins the Arab Gulf Co-operation Council 248 Second extension of the provisional constitution 1976-81 249 7. Evaluation of the Economic and Social Development in the United Arab Emirates 254 The UAE development experiment and its characteristics 254 Development planning bodies in the UAE 254 Demographic situation and national and foreign manpower 258 Achievements under the Union 261 Education 261 Health 265 CONTENTS Social welfare 266 Agriculture, animal welfare and fisheries 269 Electricity and water 271 Roads, communications and transport 272 Crude oil and extractive industry 273 Miscellaneous 27S Foreign trade 275 Banking and insurance 277 Housing 278 Index 282 75 kn
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