The Essential Supreme Court Decisions, 15th Edition: Summaries of Leading Cases in U.S. Constitutional Law (Essential Supreme Court Decisions: Summaries of Leading)

573 Pages·2010·1.53 MB·English

by  John Vile

Essential Supreme
Court Decisions

Essential Supreme
Court Decisions
Summaries of Leading Cases
in U.S. Constitutional Law
Fifteenth Edition
JOHN R. VILE
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.
Lanham (cid:129) Boulder (cid:129) New York (cid:129) Toronto (cid:129) Plymouth, UK
Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowmanlittlefield.com
Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2010 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems,
without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote
passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vile, John R.
Essential Supreme Court decisions : summaries of leading cases in U.S. constitutional
law / John R. Vile. — 15th ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: Summaries of leading cases on the Constitution / Joseph F. Menez and
John R. Vile. 14th ed. 2004.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4422-0384-6 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-0385-3 (pbk. : alk.
paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-0386-0 (electronic)
1. Constitutional law—United States—Digests. I. Menez, Joseph Francis, 1917–
Summaries of leading cases on the Constitution. II. Title.
KF4547.4.V55 2010
342.7300264—dc22 2010008375
(cid:2) ™
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
Contents
Preface to the Fifteenth Edition xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
This Is Our Supreme Court xxvii
1 Article I: The Legislative Branch 1
Powers 2
Commerce 2
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 2
Brown v. Maryland (1827) 3
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1851) 4
United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) 5
In re Debs (1895) 6
Champion v. Ames (1903) 7
The Shreveport Case (1914) 8
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) 9
Stafford v. Wallace (1922) 10
Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority (1936) 11
Kentucky Whip and Collar Co. v. Illinois
Central R.R. Co. (1937) 12
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937) 13
[United States v. Carolene Products
Company (1938)]*
[United States v. F. W. Darby Lumber Co. (1941)]
Wickard v. Filburn (1942) 14
* Brackets denote related cases found in other chapters of this book.
v
vi Contents
United States v. Southeastern Underwriters
Association (1944) 15
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964) 16
United States v. Lopez (1995) 17
Jones v. United States (2000) 18
[United States v. Morrison (2000)]
Gonzales v. Raich (2005) 19
Delegation of Powers 21
J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States (1928) 21
Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan (1935) 22
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) 23
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936) 24
Yakus v. United States (1944) 25
Mistretta v. United States (1989) 26
Implied Powers 28
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 28
McGrain v. Daugherty (1927) 29
Watkins v. United States (1957) 29
Barenblatt v. United States (1959) 30
Taxing/Spending and Regulatory Powers 31
Hylton v. United States (1796) 31
Veazie Bank v. Fenno (1869) 32
Collector v. Day (1871) 33
Legal Tender Cases (1871) 34
Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co. (1895) 35
Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904) 37
McCray v. United States (1904) 38
South Carolina v. United States (1905) 38
Swift and Co. v. United States (1905) 39
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
(1910) 40
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922) 41
United States v. Butler (1936) 42
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis (1937) 42
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin
Steel Corporation (1937) 43
Helvering v. Davis (1937) 45
Graves v. New York ex rel. O’Keefe (1939) 45
Mulford v. Smith (1939) 47
Contents vii
National Labor Relations Board v. Yeshiva University
(1980) 48
NCAA v. Board of Regents of University of Oklahoma
(1984) 48
South Dakota v. Dole (1987) 49
Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003) 50
Privileges and Terms of Members 51
Powell v. McCormack (1969) 51
Gravel v. United States (1972) 52
U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995) 53
2 Article II: The Executive Branch 57
Powers 58
Martin v. Mott (1827) 58
Ex parte Merryman (1861) 59
Mississippi v. Johnson (1867) 60
In re Neagle (1890) 61
Myers v. United States (1926) 62
Ex parte Grossman (1925) 63
Rathbun, Humphrey’s Executor v. United States (1935) 64
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) 65
Dames and Moore v. Regan (1981) 66
Haig v. Agee (1981) 67
Privileges and Limitations 68
United States v. Nixon (1974) 68
Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982) 69
Clinton v. Jones (1997) 70
3 Articles I and II: Distinct Yet Overlapping Powers 73
Separation of Powers Issues 74
United States v. Lovett (1946) 74
Immigration and Naturalization Service v.
Chadha (1983) 75
Bowsher v. Snyar (1986) 77
Morrison v. Olson (1988) 78
Clinton v. City of New York (1998) 79
Treaties and Executive Agreements 80
Head Money Cases (1884) 80
Missouri v. Holland (1920) 81
viii Contents
United States v. Belmont (1937) 82
Goldwater v. Carter (1979) 83
War-Making Powers 84
The Prize Cases (1863) 84
Ex parte Milligan (1866) 85
Selective Draft Law Cases (1918) 86
Hamilton v. Kentucky Distilleries &
Warehouse Co. (1919) 87
Ex parte Quirin (1942) 88
Korematsu v. United States (1944) 89
Duncan v. Kahanamoku (1946) 90
Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Co. (1948) 90
Johnson v. Eisentrager (1950) 91
[Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)]
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981) 93
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004) 93
Rasul v. Bush (2004) 95
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006) 97
Boudmediene v. Bush (2008) 100
4 Article III: The Judicial Branch 103
Judicial Jurisdiction and Standing 105
Marbury v. Madison (1803) 105
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816) 106
Cohens v. Virginia (1821) 107
Eakin v. Raub (1825) 108
Ableman v. Booth (1859) 109
Ex parte McCardle (1869) 110
Commonwealth of Massachussetts v. Mellon (Frothingham
v. Mellon) (1923) 111
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938) 112
Cooper v. Aaron (1958) 113
Flast v. Cohen (1968) 114
Stone v. Powell (1976) 115
Missouri v. Jenkins (1990) 116
Elk Grove v. Newdow (2004) 118
Political Questions Doctrine 119
Luther v. Borden (1849) 119
Muskrat v. United States (1911) 120
[Coleman v. Miller (1939)]
Contents ix
Baker v. Carr (1962) 121
[Powell v. McCormack (1969)]
Nixon v. United States (1993) 123
5 Articles IV and VI: Federalism 125
Eleventh Amendment and Sovereign Immunity of States 127
Hans v. Louisiana (1890) 127
Monaco v. Mississippi (1934) 128
Alden v. Maine (1999) 128
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents (2000) 130
University of Alabama Board of Trustees v.
Garrett (2001) 131
Lapides v. Board of Regents of University of
Georgia (2002) 132
Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State
Ports Authority (2002) 133
Federal Preemption 134
Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona (1945) 134
Pennsylvania v. Nelson (1956) 135
Sprietsman v. Mercury Marine (2002) 136
Judicial Jurisdiction over States 137
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) 137
[Cohens v. Virginia (1821)]
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) 138
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) 139
Puerto Rico v. Branstad (1987) 140
Limits on the States 141
[McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)]
Leisy v. Hardin (1890) 141
Virginia v. Tennessee (1893) 142
Edwards v. California (1941) 143
Camps Newfound/Owatonna v. Town of
Harrison (1997) 143
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council (2000) 145
Cook v. Gralike (2001) 146
Smith v. Doe (2003) 147
[Gonzales v. Raich (2005)]
Limits on Federal Regulation of States 148
New York v. United States (1992) 148