THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PROTESTANTISM Editorial Board Martin Greschat Justus-Liebig-University (Germany) L.Gregory Jones Duke University, Durham, N.C. David Martin University of Lancaster (UK) Hugh McLeod University of Birmingham (UK) Grant Wacker Duke University, Durham, N.C. Andrew F.Walls Scottish Institute of Missionary Studies University of Aberdeen (Scotland) Assistant Editor James H.Thrall Duke University, Durham, N.C. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PROTESTANTISM VOLUME 1 A–C HANS J.HILLERBRAND EDITOR Routledge New York London Published in 2004 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001–2299 http://www.routledge-ny.com/ Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE http://www.routledge.co.uk/ Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 2004 Routledge All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of Protestantism/Hans J.Hillerbrand, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-92472-3 (set) 1. Protestantism— Encyclopedias. I. Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim. BX4811.3.E53 2003 280′.4′03–dc21 2003011582 ISBN 0-203-48431-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-57509-1 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-92472-3 (Print Edition) Contents A to Z List of Articles vi Thematic List of Articles xxxiii Preface lviii Volume 1, Entries A–C 1 Volume 2, Entries D–K Volume 3, Entries L–R Volume 4, Entries S–Z Appendix List of Contributors Index Entry List A–Z A Abortion Absolutism Acts and Monuments Adams, Hannah Adiaphora Advent Christian Church Aesthetics Africa African American Protestantism African Instituted Churches African Methodist Episcopal Church African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church African Theology Agricola, Michael All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians-Baptists Allen, Richard Allen, Roland Alline, Henry Altars Althusius, Johannes Amana American Baptist Churches American Bible Society American Bible Union American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions American Colonization Society American Friends Service Committee American Lutheran Church American Missionary Association American Society of Church History American Unitarian Association Americans United for the Separation of Church and State Ames, William Amish Amissah, Samuel Hanson Amsdorf, Nikolaus von Anabaptism Anderson, Rufus Andrewes, Lancelot Andrews, Charles Freer Anglican Chant Anglicanism Anglo-Catholicism Antichrist Antinomianism Anti-Semitism Antitrinitarianism Apocalypticism Architecture, Church Arminianism Arminius, Jacobus Arndt, Johann Arnold, Eberhard Arnold, Thomas Art Asbury, Francis Asceticism Asian Theology Asian-American Protestantism Assemblies of God Atonement Attoh-Ahuma, Samuel Richard Brew Augsburg Confession Augsburg Confession, Apology of the Augsburg Interim Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church Australia Authority Awakenings Azariah, Vedayagam Samuel Azusa Street Revival B Bach, Johann Sebastian Backus, Isaac Bacon, Francis Baëta, Christian Goncalves Kwame Baillie, John Baltimore Conference Baptism Baptist Bible Union Baptist Family of Churches Baptist General Conference Baptist Missions Baptists Baptists, Europe Baptists, Global Baptists, United States Baptist World Alliance Barmen Declaration Barnes, Robert Barth, Heinrich Barth, Karl Basel Mission Batak Protestant Christian Church of Indonesia Baumgarten, Otto Baumgarten, Siegmund Jakob Baur, Ferdinand Christian Baxter, Richard Bayle, Pierre Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Belgic Confession of 1561 Bell, George Kennedy Allen Bengel, Johann Albrecht Bennett, John Coleman Bentham, Jeremy Bentley, Richard Berggrav, Eivind Berkeley, George Berkhof, Hendrikus Best Sellers in America, Religious Beza, Theodore Bible Bible and Literature Bible Camps and Conference Centers Bible Colleges and Institutes Bible Conferences Bible, King James Version Bible Societies Bible Translation Biblical Inerrancy Bill of Rights Bishop and Episcopacy Black Methodists Black Theology Blair, James Blake, Eugene Carson Blake, William Bliss, Philip Paul Blomfield, Charles Blount, Charles Blumhardt, Christoph Friedrich Bodelschwingh, Friedrich Christian Carl von Boehme, Jakob Boesak, Alan Aubrey Bonhoeffer, Dietrich Book of Common Prayer Book of Concord Booth, Catherine Booth, Joseph Booth, William Bosch, David Jacobus Boucher, Jonathan Boudinot, Elias Bourne, Hugh Boyle, Robert Bradstreet, Anne Braght, Tieleman Jansz van Brainerd, David Branch Davidians Bray, Thomas Brazil Breeches Bible Brent, Charles Brenz, Johannes Brethren in Christ Brethren, Church of the British and Foreign Bible Society British Council of Churches Britten, Edward Benjamin Broad Church Brooks, Phillips Browne, Robert Browning, Robert Brownson, Orestes Augustus Brunner, Emil Bryan, William Jennings Bucer, Martin
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