The Encyclopedia of Global Population and Demographics PDF
Preview The Encyclopedia of Global Population and Demographics
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF G P lobal opulation D a n d em ographics This page intentionally left blank THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF G P lobal o pu la tio n D a n d e m o g r a ph ic s I N mmanuel ess Brooklyn College, City University of New York J C a m es im en t New School University Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Copyright ® 1999 by M.E. SHARPE, INC. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. First published in 1999 by FITZROY DEARBORN PUBLISHERS This edition published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Toy hr <& Francis Group, an informa business British Library and Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication information is available. ISBN 1-57958-180-5 Contents Acknowledgments..................................................................vii Cape Verde..........................................................................256 PART ONE: ESSAYS Central African Republic.....................................................260 Chad.....................................................................................264 1. Introduction to Demography............................................3 Chile......................................................................................268 2. Demography, Resources, and the Environment...........13 China....................................................................................272 3. General Population and Vital Statistics...........................23 Colombia.............................................................................278 4. The Demography of Families and Households.............33 Comoros..............................................................................282 5. Demography and Cultural Identity................................43 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)............................285 6. The Demography of Labor and the Economy..............55 Congo, Republic of.............................................................289 7. The Demography of Migration.......................................64 Costa Rica.............................................................................293 8. The Demography of Transportation Cote d'Ivoire........................................................................297 and Communications......................................................74 Croatia.................................................................................301 9. The Demography of Health Care and Education..........81 Cuba.....................................................................................305 PART TWO: TABLES Cyprus..................................................................................310 How to Use the Tables.........................................................93 Czech Republic....................................................................314 Table Bibliography and Sources..........................................97 Denmark..............................................................................318 1. World Data, Graphs, and Tables...................................101 Djibouti................................................................................322 2. The Regions of the World: Data, Graphs Dominica..............................................................................325 and Tables.......................................................................105 Dominican Republic............................................................328 3. The Countries of the World, Statistical Tables Ecuador................................................................................332 Afghanistan.........................................................................135 Egypt....................................................................................336 Albania.................................................................................138 El Salvador............................................................................342 Algeria..................................................................................141 Equatorial Guinea...............................................................346 Andorra................................................................................146 Eritrea...................................................................................349 Angola..................................................................................148 Estonia..................................................................................352 Antigua and Barbuda.........................................................153 Ethiopia................................................................................356 Argentina.............................................................................156 Fiji..........................................................................................362 Armenia...............................................................................161 Finland.................................................................................366 Australia..............................................................................164 France...................................................................................370 Austria..................................................................................169 Gabon...................................................................................376 Azerbaijan............................................................................173 The Gambia..........................................................................379 The Bahamas........................................................................176 Georgia................................................................................383 Bahrain.................................................................................180 Germany..............................................................................386 Bangladesh..........................................................................184 Ghana...................................................................................392 Barbados..............................................................................189 Greece...................................................................................396 Belarus..................................................................................193 Grenada...............................................................................400 Belgium................................................................................197 Guatemala............................................................................403 Belize....................................................................................201 Guinea..................................................................................409 Benin.....................................................................................205 Guinea-Bissau......................................................................413 Bhutan..................................................................................209 Guyana.................................................................................416 Bolivia..................................................................................212 Haiti......................................................................................419 Bosnia and Herzegovina.....................................................216 Honduras.............................................................................422 Botswana..............................................................................219 Hungary..............................................................................426 Brazil.....................................................................................223 Iceland..................................................................................430 Brunei Darussalam..............................................................229 India......................................................................................434 Bulgaria................................................................................232 Indonesia..............................................................................440 Burkina Faso........................................................................236 Iran........................................................................................446 Burundi................................................................................239 Iraq........................................................................................452 Cambodia............................................................................243 Ireland..................................................................................457 Cameroon............................................................................246 Israel.....................................................................................461 Canada.................................................................................250 Italy......................................................................................467 V vi The Encyclopedia of Global Population and Demographics Jamaica.................................................................................473 Qatar.....................................................................................710 Japan.....................................................................................479 Romania...............................................................................713 Jordan...................................................................................485 Russian Federation.............................................................719 Kazakstan............................................................................489 Rwanda................................................................................725 Kenya...................................................................................494 Saint Kitts and Nevis..........................................................729 Kiribati.................................................................................500 Saint Lucia............................................................................732 Korea, (North).....................................................................502 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.....................................735 Korea, South, (Republic of Korea)....................................505 San Marino..........................................................................738 Kuwait..................................................................................511 Sao Tome and Principe.......................................................741 Kyrgyzstan..........................................................................515 Saudi Arabia........................................................................744 Laos......................................................................................519 Senegal.................................................................................749 Latvia...................................................................................522 Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia)...............................755 Lebanon...............................................................................526 Seychelles.............................................................................761 Lesotho................................................................................530 Sierra Leone........................................................................765 Liberia..................................................................................533 Singapore.............................................................................769 Libya.....................................................................................536 Slovakia................................................................................775 Liechtenstein.......................................................................540 Slovenia................................................................................779 Lithuania..............................................................................543 Solomon Islands..................................................................783 Luxembourg.......................................................................548 Somalia.................................................................................786 Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of......................552 South Africa.........................................................................789 Madagascar.........................................................................556 Spain.....................................................................................795 Malawi..................................................................................560 Sri Lanka..............................................................................801 Malaysia...............................................................................564 Sudan....................................................................................805 Maldives...............................................................................568 Suriname..............................................................................809 Mali......................................................................................571 Swaziland.............................................................................813 Malta.....................................................................................575 Sweden.................................................................................816 Marshall Islands..................................................................579 Switzerland..........................................................................822 Mauritania...........................................................................582 Syria.....................................................................................826 Mauritius..............................................................................586 Taiwan.................................................................................832 Mexico..................................................................................590 Tajikistan..............................................................................835 Micronesia, Federated States of.........................................596 Tanzania, United Republic of.............................................839 Moldova...............................................................................598 Thailand...............................................................................843 Monaco.................................................................................602 Togo......................................................................................849 Mongolia..............................................................................605 Tonga....................................................................................853 Morocco...............................................................................608 Trinidad and Tobago...........................................................856 Mozambique.......................................................................614 Tunisia..................................................................................860 Myanmar.............................................................................618 Turkey..................................................................................864 Namibia...............................................................................622 Turkmenistan......................................................................870 Nauru...................................................................................626 Tuvalu...................................................................................873 Nepal....................................................................................629 Uganda................................................................................875 Netherlands.........................................................................633 Ukraine................................................................................879 New Zealand.......................................................................639 United Arab Emirates.........................................................884 Nicaragua............................................................................643 United Kingdom..................................................................888 Niger.....................................................................................647 United States of America...................................................894 Nigeria.................................................................................651 Uruguay...............................................................................900 Norway................................................................................656 Uzbekistan...........................................................................904 Oman....................................................................................660 Vanuatu...............................................................................908 Pakistan................................................................................664 Venezuela............................................................................911 Palau.....................................................................................670 Vietnam................................................................................917 Panama.................................................................................672 (Western) Samoa.................................................................923 Papua New Guinea.............................................................676 Yemen...................................................................................926 Paraguay..............................................................................680 Zambia.................................................................................930 Peru.......................................................................................684 Zimbabwe...........................................................................934 Philippines...........................................................................690 Poland..................................................................................696 Portugal...............................................................................702 Bibliography..........................................................................939 Puerto Rico..........................................................................706 Index......................................................................................943 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the many individuals who work on the state of humanity at the turn of the cen made this project a success. In particular, we received tury, for advising us on the content of these volumes. valuable guidance and help from officials, librarians, On the production side, we would like to thank Angela and researchers at the United Nations and its member Piliouras for managing this project by coordinating the agencies, who provided valuable material, assistance, copy editors, graphic artists, printers, and the authors. and direction for the gathering of our reference and data We also thank Aud Thiessen for her suggestions, and sources. In researching and writing this encyclopedia, Esther Clark for helping to organize and prepare the we received invaluable help from Clare Newman, who manuscript for production. helped us with the enormous task of organizing the tables and assembling the data. We would like to thank Immanuel Ness Evelyn Fazio, who saw the need for such an immense James D. Ciment vii This page intentionally left blank Part One Essays
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