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The Encyclopedia of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery (Facts on File Library of Health and Living) PDF

283 Pages·2009·1.32 MB·English
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF COSMETIC AND PLASTIC SURGERY i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd i 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd ii 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM The encyclopedia of cosmeTic and plasTic surgery carol ann rinzler Foreword by robert T. grant, m.d., m.sc., f.a.c.s. and by stanley darrow, d.d.s., f.a.c.d., f.a.g.d. The Encyclopedia of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Copyright © 2009 by Carol Ann Rinzler All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinzler, Carol Ann. The encyclopedia of cosmetic and plastic surgery / Carol Ann Rinzler; foreword by Robert T. Grant and by Stanley Darrow. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6285-0 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8160-6285-4 (alk. paper) 1. Surgery, Plastic—Encyclopedias. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Reconstructive Surgical Procedures—Encyclopedias—English. 2. Cosmetic Techniques— Encyclopedias—English. 3. Surgery, Plastic—Encyclopedias—English. WO 13 R584e 2009] RD118.R56 2009 617.9'5—dc22 2008016098 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfi le.com Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30 percent postconsumer recycled content. i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd iv 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM ConTEnTS Foreword by Robert T. Grant, M.D., and by Stanley Darrow, D.D.S. vii Introduction xi Acknowledgments xv Entries A–Z 1 Appendix: Web Sites 209 Glossary 218 Bibliography 237 Index 252 i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd vi 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM FOREWORD lastic and reconstructive surgery is a “quality- the result from the planned procedure that plastic Pof-life” specialty. Plastic surgeons are devoted surgeons excel. to improving the health, wellness, and life experi- Plastic surgery is also a specialty not restricted ence of their patients. We do not “save” lives in by anatomic boundaries. When you make an the sense that a cardiac surgeon helps repair the appointment to see an orthopedic surgeon, you are heart’s blood supply after a heart attack or the going to have a bone or joint problem addressed. breast surgeon fi ghts a woman’s cancer by remov- Likewise, when you see a neurosurgeon, your ing part or all of her breast. It is in reconstruct- likely ailment involves the brain, spinal cord, or ing the breast after an operation and restoring peripheral nervous system. Since plastic surgery a women’s sense of wholeness, or addressing a is defi ned by the kinds of procedures that are per- skin wound that will not heal after open heart formed and the techniques the surgeon utilizes, surgery that plastic surgeons add tremendously every plastic surgeon’s practice is unique, so if to the patient’s overall recovery and ability to you have met one plastic surgeon, you have met enjoy life most completely. It can be hard to assess one plastic surgeon! Plastic surgeons operate all the value of the contributions of plastic surgery. over the body, on the surface, and in the deepest Deaths from diseases treated by plastic surgeons recesses of remote body cavities. They operate on and “traditional” complications, like bleeding and newborns and elderly patients, patients with acute infection, while seen, are not as commonplace as reconstructive needs, and patients who are hav- after procedures in other specialties. How does ing truly elective surgery. Plastic surgeons’ clinical one assess the success of the operation in plastic practices can vary widely from practitioner to prac- surgery? We talk of a quick return to work and titioner. Some plastic surgeons specialize in surgery baseline health for the patient after plastic surgery, of the hand, others in pediatric facial and congeni- an improvement in self-esteem that results from tal anomalies like cleft lip and palate. Others can the procedure and enhancement of the patient’s reconstruct a portion of the jawbone removed to personal perspective on life and relationships as treat a cancer by fashioning a new jaw out of the markers for successful outcomes from our proce- “spare parts” portion of one of the bones of the leg, dures. How does one measure the improved social the fi bula. They then use microsurgery to reconnect skills seen in people previously too shy to express the bone’s blood supply to ensure it stays alive after themselves completely because of a body part that it has been moved into its new position in the body. they were born with or that develops that is not in Joseph Murray, M.D., the surgeon who pioneered proportion to the rest of their frame, who blossoms the fi rst kidney transplant, is a plastic surgeon. All after the face or body are put in better harmony of the advances today in transplantation of solid by a plastic surgery procedure? It is in meeting or organs such as livers, hearts, and kidneys, includ- exceeding the patient’s reasonable expectations of ing the amazing advances with “composite” organ vii i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd vii 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM viii The Encyclopedia of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery transplants (tissues made up of a variety of differ- his or her patients, trouble follows. Whether it is ing cell types like hands and faces) all owe their in the exploitation of the doctor-patient relation- success to the work of plastic surgeons. ship for entertainment purposes on “reality TV” Finally, there is the cosmetic surgeon—the or the shameless promotion of new, untested, or kind of plastic surgeon most lay people think is unproven treatments for aging or for rejuvenation, representative of the work done in the specialty. doctors practicing cosmetic surgery and medicine Not only mainstream American media, but most fail their patients and their profession. “Newer” is Americans themselves are fascinated not just with not always necessarily better. the lives and lifestyles of cosmetic surgery patients, So where does this leave the patient? Bom- but with those of the practitioners as well! It is barded by images daily in the media or online, no secret that as the American population ages, how does one cut through the morass of informa- the “baby boomer” population is carrying to new tion related to plastic surgery, yet not be over- levels the search to remain not only active but to whelmed and still feel in control of one’s life and look younger than their parents did at the same health? Referring to trusted sources of informa- age. There has been dramatic growth in the past tion is the best prescription for moving forward. decade in both of the noninvasive techniques The information contained in The Encyclopedia of available—fi llers that replace lost facial volume Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery is indeed comprehen- due to age as well as injectable toxins that erase sive. Making reference to the topics reviewed in the wrinkles that come over time. Laser and other this volume is an outstanding way to familiarize light-based technologies also are now available to oneself with the language, traditions, and tech- “rejuvenate” the face, hands, and chest, working niques of the specialty of plastic and reconstruc- to counter the deleterious cosmetic effects of a tive surgery. After reading through the topics lifetime of sun exposure, poor dietary habits, and here, use the Internet and consult the Web sites smoking. Men, too, have jumped on the cosmetic of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons or the surgery bandwagon, accounting for as many as 15 American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, as to 20 percent of patients seeking cosmetic services both contain additional resources designed specifi - in recent surveys. They also desire the vigorous cally for the education of patients and providers. look of youth at home and in their workplaces. Finally, fi nd a board-certifi ed plastic surgeon who The time-honored proverb may state that “appear- shares your same life perspective and goals for ance isn’t everything,” but survey after survey health and wellness. confi rms that in today’s culture and society people Before you agree to undergo any procedure, who are considered more youthful and pleasing in your plastic surgeon should be seeking to explore appearance get promoted faster and make more the potential motivations for why you might be money than their older-appearing, less attractive considering a certain procedure. The doctor should peers. be asking questions such as “How long has this Plastic surgeons are leading the way among issue been bothering you?” or, “How do you see medical professionals in building wellness rela- the potential for improvement from the procedure tionships with their patients, partnering with them affecting your life?” Plastic surgeons know that the in defi ning lifestyle choices that make one beauti- more specifi c they can frame the issue that bothers ful both within and without. the patient, the higher the likelihood of a success- But not all plastic surgery is performed by plas- ful surgical outcome. Most accomplished plastic tic surgeons. Because there is no traditional ana- surgeons can deliver the desired enhancement in tomic border to this specialty, other doctors have one’s appearance if they feel the patient is a rea- fl ocked to cosmetic surgery and medicine as a way sonable and realistic candidate. What no surgeon to protect their own personal fi nancial bottom can do is say whether an enhanced post-operative line from the economic realities of the increas- body image will improve one’s relationship with a ingly dysfunctional health care system. When a spouse or make one more desirable to a potential doctor puts self-interest ahead of the interests of employer. That part is up to you! i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd viii 12/19/08 11:11:37 PM Foreword ix Remember that all procedures, even the less addressed issue is the position of the teeth, which invasive ones like fi llers and lasers, have risks and are visible, and their appearance, color, and shape. side effects, even in the most skilled hands. If it Missing teeth can be a functional and aesthetic seems “too good to be true,” well, it probably is. problem. Medicine and surgery have made quantum leaps Replacement of missing teeth has been a major over past generations, but the basic components of concern of restorative dentists in recent years as human healing and frailty remain. Complete heal- well as far back in history as the earliest civiliza- ing takes time, a commodity increasingly in short tions. Modern techniques for replacement have supply in today’s hectic pace of work and home been enhanced and refi ned, giving the dentist life. When surgery is truly elective, make sure you many new and effective tools. This includes refi ne- are in the best physical and mental health possible ment and scientifi c validation of implant proce- before proceeding. If there are unresolved health dures, a process of giving a patient replacement or wellness issues, there is no reason to move for- teeth. Currently this system is in the hands of the ward. Reschedule the planned procedure or return trained general dentist or a team of surgical and later for another consultation once your life and restorative practitioners. health are in better order. Having a complication Other advances in dentistry provide for new or less than optimal outcome will not make you and improved restoration of individual teeth after feel better about yourself at all! You are in control carious (affected by cavities) or traumatic injury. of when you want to consider scheduling a consul- Newer materials and techniques are aimed at tation or potential operation. attaining maximum aesthetic results and longev- The elective nature of the aesthetic marketplace ity. The smile as a social and business asset helps is a great advantage. Be sure to visit a number create a fi rst impression of great signifi cance. In of plastic surgeons before undergoing any type the forefront of an engaging smile is a pleasing of procedure to be sure you have found the best presentation of the teeth. The aesthetic dentist is practitioner and feel confi dent with the choice and instrumental in creating the most natural shape the advice received. You should like and trust your and color of teeth, which should conform to the plastic surgeon and should never feel rushed or facial features of his or her patient. The teeth harried. By doing your “homework,” through this are not only framed by the face and lips but also book, online, and in person, you will have become by the gingival (gum) tissue displayed. Healthy empowered in harnessing those areas where tradi- pink gum tissue is pleasing to the observer. The tional medical doctors can assist in improving how periodontal specialist is sometimes needed to you look and feel. restore healthy-looking gingival tissue. Some of the more technically exacting procedures may Robert T. Grant, M.D., M.Sc, F.A.C.S., involve grafting tissue from other areas of the Plastic- Surgeon-in-Chief, New York Presbyterian mouth. Hospital, the University Hospital of Columbia and New techniques that allow doctors to change Cornell; Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, the shape and color of teeth include direct bond- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia ing, ceramic veneers, and enhanced-strength University; Adjunct Associate Professor of Clinical porcelain crowns. It should be noted that chalky Surgery (Plastic Surgery), Weill Medical College white coloration or straight lines do not make for of Cornell University great aesthetics. Restorative dentists are trained to relate tooth form and shading to the facial The dentist is a major fi gure in the enhancement contours and complexion of the patient. There of facial cosmetic improvement. He or she is not are many simple and noninvasive procedures that only concerned with the teeth but with all of the can enhance the appearance of teeth. The aes- jaw apparatus. Without properly functioning jaw thetic dentist will consider all aspects and choose joints, muscles, and lips, facial expression may procedures that will help the patient in line with be compromised. Probably the most commonly fi nancial limitations. i-xviii-CosmeticSurg_fm.indd ix 12/19/08 11:11:38 PM

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