THE EMERGENCE AND DISSOLUTION OF HIERARCHY CHESHIRE BOOKS Palo Alto, California

392 Pages·2011·4.14 MB·English

THE
EMERGENCE
AND
DISSOLUTION
OF
HIERARCHY
Murray Bookchin
CHESHBIOROEK S
PaAlloCt aol,i fornia
Copyrig©h 1t 9b8y2M u rraByo okchin
Coveprh ot©o 19b8yL1 i ndGao odman
Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotft hiwso rkm ayb e
reproduocreu ds edi na nyf ormw ithotuhtew ritten
permissoifot nh ep ublisher.
Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica.
PublishbeyCd h eshiBroeo ksI,n c.
51B4ry anStt reePta,lA ol toC,A 943U0.S1.,A .
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alCoagr dN umber8 1-21745
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Libyr aCorofgn reCsast agli onPg uibnliDcaattai on
BookchiMnu,r ray1,9 21-
Thee coloogfyf reedom.
Includbeisb liograrpehfiecraeln acnedis n dex.
1C.i vilization-Phi2lC.ois voiplhiyz.a tion-
Histor3yS..o cicaoln tr4olL..i ber5tyT..e chnology
andc iviliza1t.Tii otnl.e .
CB1.59B8 901 81-21745
ISBN0 -917352A-A0CR29 -2
ISBN0 -9173(5pb2k-.)1 0-6
otne tns
Acknowledgemveinitis
Introduc1t ion
1
/
TheC onceopfSt o ciEaclo log1y6
2
TheO utolkoo fO rganSiocc iet4y3
3
The EmergeonfHc iee rarc6h2y
4
EpistemoloRguilee8s 9,o f
5
The LegaocyfD ominati1o1n9
6
Justice-EaqnudEa xla ct1 40
7 .
C��!)
TheL egaocyfF reedom
8
FromS ainttoSs e lle1rs9 2
9
C2i�.·�:)
TwoI magoefsT echnology
10
TheS ociMaalt rioxfT echnolo2g4y0
11
TheA mbiguiotfFi reese do2m6 7
12
AnE cologSioccaile( .ty3 15. .,
Epilog3ue4 8
Notes3 67
Index3 76
Acknowledgements
Thibso oks tandosni tosw n grounadn dp rojeac ctosh eretnhte oroyf
socieaclo lotghya its i ndependoefnt th ec onventiwoinsadlo mo fo ur
timeB.u tw e all stoann dt shheo uldoefro st herisfo, n lyitne rmosf t he
probletmhse rya isaendd w e are obltiorg eesdo lve.
Thusl,o wea g readte atlo t hew ork of WMeabxe rM,a xH orkheimer,
Theodor AdoarnndKo a,r Plo lanywih,o aslobl r illiaannttilcyi ptahtee d
probleomfsd ominatiaonndt hec risoefsr easosnc,i enacned,t echnics
thabte leaguuset ro daIyh. a vet rietodr esoltvhee sies subeysf ollowing
intellepcathtuwaaly so penebdy t hea narchtihsitn keorfts h ep revious
century, parPteitceKurrl oaproltyk in's annadst oucriamalul t uailsmI.d o
nots harhei sc ommitmetnotc onfederablaissemod n c ontraacntde x­
changaen,d I f inhdi sn otioonf" sociali(twyh"i cIhp erosnalilnyt erpret
tom ean" symbiomtuitcu alisamm"o)n gn onhumaonr ganisabm isst i m­
plistHiocwe.v eKrr,o potkiisun n iquienh ise mphasoins tnheee df or a
reconciloifah tuimoann iwtiyt nha turteh,er oloef m utuaali di nn atural
ands ocieavlo lutihoinsh, a treodfh ierayr,ca hndh isv isioofna new
technics obnad seecde ntraliaznadht uimoann s calIbe e.l ietvheas tu ch a
libertasroicaienac lo logya vcoaintd h ed ualisnteioc-,K tainaind eologies
sucha ss tructluirsaamn dm anyc ommunicattihoeno riesd-uaa lism
very muicnhv oguteo daTyo.k now tdheev elopmeofnd to mination,
technisccsi,e nacned,s ubjectiviltayt-ttiehnnre a turhails toarswy e lals
inh uman-itsof intdh uen ifyitnhgr eatdhsao tv ercotmheed isjunctions
betweenno nhumaann dh umann ature.
My intelledcetbuttao Dl o rothLye ea nd PaRuald iinn a nthropology
ise normouasn,d I c heritshhe t imeI e ncountetrheedw o rko fE .A .
Gutkinadn dM artin Buber's reuftloepncista.Iin ho avef oundH ans
JonasP'hsne omeonfLo inaf nee v er-refressohuirncogfei nspiraitnni ao­n
turpeh ilosoapswh eyl als a booofkr arset yligsrtaiccFe o.rt her esIth ,a ve
drawnu pons ov asat c ultutrraald ittihoainttw oulbde m eaninglteos s
saddtlhee r eadweirt nha mest;h itsr aditaipopne atrhsr oughtohuebt o ok
andh ardlrye quidreelsi neation.
Ia m indebtteodM ichaeRli ordawnh,o wasm oret hana zealous
editaonrd s ympatheptuibcl ishHeirsm. e ticulroeuasd ionfgt hibso ok,
hisk eenliyn telliqgueenrti heisss, e archcirnigt iciasnmdhs i,sd emand
forc onciseannedsc sl arhiatvye m adet hibso okm orea cceisbslteo t he
Anglo-Amerirceaand etrh anI m ighhta veb eeni nclinteodd o .F ora
Europepaenr spectIim vues,tt hanmky deafrr eindK,a rl-LudSwcihgi ­
belw,h o,i nr eaditnhgeo penicnhga ptebrrso,u gthott hemt hes ophisti­
cateqdu erioefhs i ss tudenattts h eU niversoifFt rya nkfaunrdto bliged
me toe xamine itshsauItwe osu lhd avoer dinairginloyr eRdi.c hard Mer­
rillli,kM ei chaReilo rdawna,sa ne ndlessosu rocfea rticalnedds a tfar om
whicthh es ciefnitmcia teriiant lh eE pilogiusde e rviedT.o h aves oa ble
anda bsorbaib nigo logaiths atn di sm ore thapa rni lveigiet; ainis n tellec-
tuadle licIaw ciyst.ho t hanLki ndGaoo dmaann,e xcelalretniftso tr,
bringhientrga leanst sda irrte tcott ohrde es ignoiftn hgb ios ok faonrd
rendienirgat e hsetticaatltlrvyae Ic.h t aivhea dth e bieotnf he ifghslyym ­
pathectoipecyd itpoartrsi,c ulNaarolmSyit einwfheole dx,h ibair tee­d
markaubnldee rstaonfmd yii ndge asi natnedns t.i on
Inw ritTinhEgec oloofFg rye edIh oamv,hea dt hseu ppoorfm ta ny
peopalf ee,w of Iww ohuolmd tloci ikhteee r aep prteicvieMalyty h.a nks
goo utto A madeBoe rtoGlinoaB, l umenfDeelbdbB,io eo kcJhoins,e ph
BookcRhoibne,Cr atsi sdyD,a n CdhoorkoJfofh,n CJlaanCreok l,e man,
RoseDlilLae Doa,v'ia dn d ShEiirsleeYnyn, e stKrian g, KAulrltazn,
WaynHea yeBsr,e tt PoDrmtimtRaroniu, s sopoTurelnoStsc ,h royer,
andm yc olleaagtRu aemsa pCoo lloefgN ee wJ ersaenydt hIen stitute
foSro cEicaoll iongV yem rontI. coulhda vbneeo gtuw nr igtt ihnis book
int heea rly w1i9t7h0oasgu rta fnrto tmh Rea binoFwoiutnzd atnioorn ,
couIlh da ve comiptld eeatc ealdda etw eirt htohuseta bbayteiacprar lo ­
vidteodm eb yR amapo College.
Thihsa bse eanw aywabrodo tkh ahtat sa koenn l aio ffie t osw nS.o I
cannroetf rfarioncm l ostihnegas cek nowledgweimttehhn eetx sq uisite
remarksf ai(laoilfnl g sg eansdiedroe fm) y f avourittoep iWailnl,i am
Morirs:
Menf igahntdl osteh bea ttalned, tthhietn hge fyo ugfhotcr o measb ouitn
spiotfte h edierf eaantdw, h enic to metsu ronusnt o tto b ew hatth emye ant,
ando thmeern h avteof igfhotwr h atth emye anutn dearn other name.
MurrBaoyo kchin
BurlinVgetromno,n t
Oct,o1 b9e81r
We areen ablteocd o ncltuhdaett h el esswohni cmha nd erifvresob mo tthh e
studoyfN atuarned h iosw nh istiosr y the peprrmeasneeonnfcta e d ouble
tenncyd-etowaragd rs eadteevre lopomnet nhtoe n es idoefs ocyi,aa nldoi,ntt he
othseird oefa, c onseqiunecnrte iants heie n tenosfli it.fy.e T .h.id so ubtleen ­
denciysa d istincchtairvaec toefrl iisiftnegi ecn erIatil sa. l ways present, and
belontgols i faeso, n eo fi tast tribwuhtaetse,va esrp ecltimsfa ey t akoen o ur
planoeret l sewhAenrdet .h iissn oatm etaphyassiscearlot fti ho"enu nversality
oft hmeo ralla wo,r"a m erseu pposiWtitihoontu.ht ce o ntignruoawlot fsh o cial­
itayn,dc onsequoeftn htieln yt enasnidvt ayr ioefst eyn satliioifnsiesm ,p ossible.
PetKerro potEkticnhs,i
Wea rfeo rgethtoiwtn ogg ivper eseVnitosl.a otfit ohnee x chapnrgien chiapsl e
somethnionngs enasnidci amlp laueas biobtiul t; ahnedtr hee ervee cnh ilderyeen
thgei vseurs piciaosui sftlh yge, i wfetr mee realt yr itcosk e tlhle bmr ushoers
soaIpn.s tweeah da vceh araidtym,i nisbteenreefdi ctehnpecl ea,n npeads tering­
oveorfs ocievtiys'issbo lreeI sni. to sr ganiozpeedr attihoenirssne o l ongreoro m
fohru mainm pulsiensd,e etdhg,ei ifstn ecessaacrciolmyp abnyih eudm iliioant
throuigthds i stribiuttjsiu osantl, l ocaitnsi hoonr,tt h,r outgrhe atmoeftn hte
recipaisae nno tb ject.
TheodAodro rnMoi,n iMmoar alia
Ontoloagsty h eg rounodfe thiwcasst heo rigitneanloe ftp hilosoTphheyi.r
divorwchei,ci hst he diovfot rh"ceoe b jectainv"des "u bjecrteiavleim"sst ,h e
moderdne stiTnhye.ri eru nicoanbn e e ffecitafet ad l,ol n,l fyr otmh "eo bjective"
endt,h aitst os ayt,h rouagr he visoifto hnie d eoafn atuArne<;l.i ti sb ecoming
rathtehra anb idinnagt uwrhei cwho ulhdo lodu ta nys ucphr omiFsreo.tm h e
immanent doifri ettcsot tiaoln evolumtaiybo een l itchaied treeesd t inoafmt aino n
byw hostee rmtshp ee rsionnt ,ha ec otff ulfillinwgo uhliadmtt sheel fst,ai mmee
realaic zoen ceorfun n iversal sHuebnscwteoa unlcrdee .s uapl rti ncieptlhei cosf
whicihsu ltimagtreoluyn dneedi tihnte hrae u tonoomfty h see nlofir n t hnee eds
oft hceo mmunibtuyit,n a no bjecatsisvieg nbmyet nhte naotftu hrien gs.
HanJso naTsh,Pe h enomoeLffn ieo n
Introduction
'--_--' hisbo ok wwarsi ttteosn atyi sf
then eedf oarc onseinsttlrya dical social ecoloofgf yre:ed oamn. ecology
Ith adb eenm aturiinngm y minds inc1e9 5w2he nI f irbsetc amaec utely
conscioofut sh eg rowinegn vironmecnrtiaslti hsaw ta st oa ssumes uch
monumentparlo portiao gnesn eratliaotneI rnt. h at yIep aurb,l ishae d
volume-siazretdi c"lTeh,eP robleomfsC hemicailnFs o od" (ltaobt ee r
republisihnbe odo kf ormi nG ermanya sL ebgeeiinfrhsliLcehbeei netsltm).
Owingt om y earlMya rxiainn telletcrtauianli tnhgea, r tiecxlaem ined
notm ereleyn vironmepnotlallu tbiuotn ailtsdsoe ep-tseedas ocioarli ­
gins. Enviroinsmseunhetasad ld evelopienmd y minda ss ociiasls ues,
and problemnsa tuorfea clo logy bheacdo mper oblemosf" social
ecolo-gayn" expresshiaornd liynu sea tt het ime.
Thes ubject newvaestr o l eavmee .I nf acitt,ds i mensiwoenrse t o
widena ndd eepeinm menseBlyyt. h ee arlsyi xtimeys v,i ewcso ulbde
summarizienad f airclryi fsopr mulattihoevn e:r nyo tioonf tdhoem ina­
tioonfn aturbyem ans temfsr omt hev errye adlo minatoifoh nu manb y
humanF.o r mteh,i wsa sa far-reacrheivnegr osfac lo ncpetsT.h e many
articalnedsb ookIsp ublishientd h ey earasf te1r9 5b2e,gn ininwgi th
OuSry ntEhnevtiirco (n1m9ea6nn3d)tc o ntinuingT owiwtaahrn Ed c ologi­
caSlo cyi( 1e9t8w0er)el, a rgeelxyp loratoifto hnisfs u ndamentthaelem .
Aso nep remilsee dt oa notheirtb, e camcel eatrh ath iag hlcyo herent
projewcatsf orminignm y workt:h e_Q���25(tPJl()<iin!�hl!1e�rKel1()cfe
socihaile raracnhdyd ominatainodnt oe lucidtahteme e anss,e nsibility,
andp racttihcaect o ulydi elad t rulhya rmonious ecosloocgiieMctyay l.
bookP ots-aSrccAintayr c(h1i9s7pmi1o )n eertehdiv si sion. Comopfo sed
essadyast ifnrgo m1 96i4ta, d dressietds meolrfe t oh ierartchhaycn l sas,
tod ominatriaotnh tehra ne xploitattoil oinb,e raitnosrtyi turtaitohnesr
thatnh em erea bolitoifto hne S tatteo,f reedorma thtehra jn usticaen,d
pleasurraet her htahpapnie nssF.o rm e,t hesceh angienmgp hasweesr e
2 TheE cogyl ooFf reedom
nomte rceo untercruhlettuotrrhaiemlcya ; r kaes dw eepdienpga rture
frommy e arlcioemrm ittmoes notc ioarltihsotd oofax lifleo sr mIvs i.s u­
aliiznesdt aen aedwf oromfl iberstoacreiicaaolnl ogwyh-aoVtri ctor
Ferkiinds iss,c umsyss ioncgvi iaelws so, approcparli"laeetcdeo l-ya nar­
chism."
Asr eceanstt hlseyi xtwioersdl,si h kiee raarncddho ym inawteiroen
raruesleyTd r.a ditriaodniapclaa rltsi, cMualraxrislstytsi spl,ol ak lem ost
exclusiintv eerlomyfsc lascsleasas,ns a lyasnedcs l,ac sosn sciousness;
theciorn ceopfot psp reswseirpoern i macroinlfyit nome adt ereixapll oi­
tatigorni,n dpionvge arnttydh, ue n juasbtuo sfle a bLoirk.e woirsteh,o ­
dox anaprlcahcmieosdsto tsft heeimrp haosnti hsSe t aatste h ueb iqui­
tousso urocfse o ccioaelr c*J iuoasnstt. h eem ergeonfpc rei vpartoep erty
becasmoec i"eotryi'gssi innia"nMl a rxoiratnh odsootx hyee,m ergence
oft hSet abteec asmoec i"eotryi'gssi innia"nal n arcohritshto dEovxeyn.
theea rcloyu nterocftu hlseti uxretesi cesh etwheueds oeft htee rhmi er­
arcahnypd r efetro"r Qeude sAtuitohno rwiittyhe"ox uptl otrhigene ­gn
esoifsa uthoirtriset lya,t itoonn asthuiarpne id,t m se anifnotgrh cer ea­
tioonfan ews ociety.
Duritnhge yseea Ira sl scoo ncentornba �tvve_tdar uflryes eo <:iety,
(
b,�da oosne cogilcoparli ncicpoluemlsed,d iahtU11ea1 nitrye'lsa tionsl1ip
,witnha t.uA.rs ea r esuIbl etg,at noe xpltohrede e velopmoefan nte w
..
\t en-oclhyo�gc!a�_cQ(!JmQ2.!_ �f1�hbi��l_11��(lf1.�_<!if1sJJ:li()l1.�§.:�h c� S!t-
\nolwooguyli dn clsumdaesl oll aanrdw inidn stalloartgiagonanirsc­,
l
denasn,dt hues oef l oc"anla truersaolu rwcoerskb"ey dd ecentralized
communiTthiivesis e.qw u icgkalvyre i tsoea nother-t.b�!!��4JQrcli­
I
lred<:f2tmoqafcotyl"l,rbd(lenc entrafloiarzh aitgmihec am�,uo rfse e l.f -
I�u!f!cfioesrne clyf,� empobwaesroemndec notm munfaolr omfss ocial
ll�=-=i-infs lltohrneto ,n authoCroimtmaurcnioeam np oosfce odm munes.
AsI p ublitshheeisdde e oavset rh yee a-resspeciinta hldele yc ade
betwetehenea rsliyx tieeasr slaeynv de ntiebse-gwtahonta rto umbel e
""ast heex tenwth itpcoeh o ptleen dteosd u bvtehreutin ri ctoyh,e rence,
andr adifcoacluN so.ti olinkse d ecentraalnidhz uamtaisnoC<l. nl e�for
e)(amep;wlerdee fatdloyp wtietdh roeufte rteosn oclaean rwci intde.<:b.­
niquoerbs i oagripcrualctttuihrcaaaetrlts e h emiart eurnidael! igpgisr.m
Hadis eginewnatsp e rmittopt leudm moefotfn i tosw nw,h itlhepe h i­
losotphhayut n iftiheedim n taoni ntegwrhaotleweda sp ermittot ed
languDiesche.n traelnitzeacrtieiptdoly na nnaisanm ge rset ratfeogre m
*I u steh weo r"doh rotdohxe"ar eni dns ubsepqaugeaendstv isIre edfnleoytr.tot he
outstarnaddiitnchgae loor fti hset s ninceetnetPeurnrotyuh-d Khroonp,o atnkdi n,
Baknu-nbiuttot hefiorl lwohwooe frtst eunr nede vtehre-ieivrdo elavsri iniggni tdo,
sectdaorcitarAnis any eosuC.na gn adian DaavnSiapadrn cnhpeiurist,tt a, p i enr sonal
conver"sIBafat kiuoannniK,dnr opodtekvioantsm e udc thi mteot he inteorfp retation
Proudahso nm aonucyro onfte mporardyo. .,l di.Iob ueifbr Btta akruinGaoiadnn ns'd s
thSet aotKrer opoMtuktiuAnail'wd so uhladev evb eerew nri nt.t"e
Inotdruction 3
commundietsyiw ghni,al let erntaetcihvneob leocgaaymn ea rrdoiws ci­
pliinnec,r eacsoinnfgitlnoyte hdae c adeamnytd o an ewb reoeftd e ch­
nocrIantt su.re na,cn ho tiboenc admiev orfcreoadmc ritaincaalloy fs is
societya-r fardoitmch aeloo rfsy o ceicaoll ogy.
Ihta bse cocmlee taomr e t haitwt a st hueni toyfm yv iews-their
ecolohgoilcia"slnm om,te retlhye iinrd ividual comgpaovnee nts-that
theamr aditcharluT shtaa.ts ociiesdt eyc entrtahlaiiuttzs eesdso, l oarr
winedn ertghyai,itt fs armoerdg aniocrta hlailrttye ,d upcoelsl ution­
nonoeft hemseea subryei st soerel vfe innl imictoemdb inwaittiho n
othemrask easne colosgoicciaNelot rdy o.p iecesmteeaphlso ,w ever
well-inetveenpnda erdt,i allpyr orbeltsehomahlstav vere e acahu endi ­
versgallo,ba anldc, a tastcrhoaprhaiIccfta enry.t hpianrgt,"i saoll u­
tiosnesr"mv eer ealscy o smettoci ocnsc tehadele ep-sneaattuoerftde h e
ecolocgriicTsahilse t.yh erdeebfyl peucbtla itct enatnidto hne oretical
insighatn a fdreoqmuu antdee rstoafnt dhdieen pgat nhsd c oopfet he
necescshaarnyg es.
Combiinneac d o herwehnotla ens du ppobryta ce odn sisrtaedn­tly
icparla cthiocwee,vt ehre,vs iee wcsh alltehnsegt ea tquusoi na f ar­
reachmianngn ert-hioenn lmya nnceorm menswuirtaththn eea tuorfe
thcer iIswtia ssp. r ecitshesilsyy ns tiohsfie detahsaI st o ugthoat c hieve
inT hEec oogloyf F reme.dA ondt hissy nthheasdti osb er ootiend
histortyh-deie nv elopomfse onctir aell atsioocniisan,ls titutions,
changtiencgh noalnosdge inessi bainlpdio tliieststi,rc uaclto unrlieyns ;
thwiasy c ouIlh do pteoe stabasl einsoshfge e necsoinst,r aanscdto ,n ti­
nuitthywa otu lgdi vree al metaomn yvi inegwT sh.re e consturtuoc­tive
piatnh inktihnafgto llofwreodm my scyonuttlhhdee bsneib sa soend
three aloift iehusem xapne riWehnacsteh .o buelc do ubledc owmhea t
mustb eif, h umanaintdty h bei oogliccaolm pleoxnwi htiyc ihtr ests
werteos urvCihvaen.g er eacnodn stcrouuceltmdie ornfg reoe mx isting
problreamtsht hearwn i shtfhuiln kainnmdgi svtayg aries.
IMI
yu soef t hweo rhdi erianr chy
thseu btoiftt hliweso riksm eanttob ep rovocTaht�iirv_e�eCl ._ StrC>l1_g
tpeorellteiet()cd_ a cionthriaesrtaw rictthhhy me o rwei despurseoeaf d
thweo rdclsa sasn dS tactaer;ese sul soef t hetseer cmaspn r.o deCiw :
dangersoiumsp lifoifsc oactriieaoalnl Tiout syt.eh weo rdhsi erarchy,
claasnsSd,t aitnet erchaansmg aenasybo lcyti,ha elo rdiois,ist n ss idious
anodb scuraTnhtipisrs atc.tin itchneea, m oefa " clasosrl" elsisb"e rtar­
ians"o ciceotuyel,ad s ciolnyc tehaeelx istoefhn iceer arrcehloianct­ail
shiapnsad h ierarscehnisciabblio ltoihfwt hyi,c h-eivnte hnae b sence
ofe conoemxipcl oiotrpa otliioctnoi ecracli ons-ewrotvuopel e dr petu­
atuen freedom.
4 TheE cgoylo of Freedom
Byh ieraIrm cehaytn,h c eu ltutrraald,ia tnidpo snyaclh olsoygsi­cal
temosfo bediaenncdco em manndom,te retlhyeec onoamnidpc o litical
systteomw sh icthh tee rcmlsa asnsdS tamtoes atp proprrieafteerl.y
Accordihnigelryaa,rn cddh oym inactoiuoelnad s ciolnyt itnoeu xeii snt
a "classolr"e Ssatst"e lseoscsi"Ie r teyf.te ort hdeo minaotfit ohne
younbgyt hoel do,fw omebnym eno,fo neet hnic byga rnooutpho efr ,
"massbeysb "u reauwchroap trso fteoss pse iankt heir "shoicgihaelr
interoefsc tosu,n"t rbyyst iodwean ,n di na m orseu btplsey chological
sensoefb, o dbyym indo,fs pibryia st h alilnoswt rumental rationality,
anodf n atubryse o ciaenttdye chnoIlnodgeyce.ld a,s sbluhetis esr archi­
caslo cieetxiitesotsd (aayn tdh eeyx ismtoerdce o veirntt lhpyea st); yet
thpee opwlheol iivnte h enme itehnejrfo rye ednoomdr,o t heeyx ercise
contorvoetlrh eliirv es.
Marwxh,o sweo rlksa rgaeclcyo fuontrth ciosn cepotbufauls cation,
offeursae f da ierxlpyl diecfiinti otfci loanHs esh .a dt haed vanotfa ge
develohpiitsnh ge oorfcy l assosc iweittyha is nt ernly objective eco­
nomifcr ameworwki.d eHsipasrc ecaedp tmaanywc eelr le fltehecext ­
tenttow hicohuo rw ne rgai vseusp remtaoec cyo noimsiscuo evsea rl l
othaesrp eocfst osc liiaTflhe e.ir sei, nf acact e,r tain aenlgder gaann­ce
deutrot hneo titohnat th" eh istoofar lhyli theexritsost oicnighe atsy
beetnh hei stoofcr lya ss stPruuqtgu gisltieems p.al"r y u,l icnlgai sass
privisloecgsietadrl a tthuaomtw nosrc onttrhomele sa nosfp roduction
anedx plaol iatrsmg aesros fp eoptlhee, rcullaewsdhs i,cw ho rkthse se
�
producftoirvceel sa.sr se latioanrseehs ispesn trieallaltyi oonfs hips
producbtaisooenndo wnersohfli apnt do,o mlasc,h iannedts h,pe r o­
ducteh erEexopfl.o itiantt uirionsnt, ,h u es oef t hlea boofr others to
provfiodre oonwenm' ast enreiealdf sol,ru xuarnidle esi saunrdfe o,r
thaec cumulaantpdir oond ucrteinveoewf ta elc hnoTlhoegrye. the mat­
teorfc ladsesf inciotuibloedsn a itdor est-waintdih tM ,a rx's famous
methoofd "classa sta hnaeau ltyhseuinnstr"ia cv eolftl himena gt erial
basoefes c onoimnitce riedsetosl,ao ngcdiu elst ure.
I:i:!t!.l:araslbtyh,oi uitgn hc ludes Marxo'(cs l a�dsnesdef vienni tion
giv_etsocp lscet sSh issotcoiregit9cy�a �lbleyyot,bn lidism !t�dIl!e�!l1Qg
im}2utteod.l aa rgeecloyn ofmoircom fs tratifTiosc aatyth iihosoJ),w. '=­
evedro,e nso dte fitnhmeee anionftg h tee rhmi eraarncdhId y o,u bt
thatthw eo rcda bne e ncompabsyas f eodr mdaelfi niLt�ii�o\Vni h.ti �­
toriacnadel xliys teansat c ioamlpllsyey xs toefcm o mmaannddo bedi­
et:J:cienw hieclh ietnejso y vdaergyrioenfegcs o notvietorhI e siurb ordi­
Ila_wti�tsh noeucte sseaxrpilloyti hteimSn.ug c ehl imtaeycs o mpletely
lasaknfyo romfm afewreiaalltt hhem;ya y�evdeins-pboessoefis ts;e d
mucahs P lat"og'usa rdeilaiwnta"ess ocially buptmo awteerrfiuall ly
.
�or.
Hierairsnc ohmtye reals yo ccioanld iititis ao lns;aso t aotfce o n­
sciousans eesnss,i tboiwlaiprthdye nomaeten vae lreyv oefpl e rsonal
ansdo ceixaple riEeanrpclreye. l istoecriae(tt"erio geasns iocc"i eatsIi es,