The Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop For Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

446 Pages·2009·10.84 MB·English

The Eleventh

Regional Wheat Workshop

For Eastern, Central and

Southern Africa

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
18-22 September, 2000
ClMMYTICIDA Ea.~tern Africa Cereals Program

CIMMYT Wheat Program

CIMMYTIEU MWIRNETIRSA Project

ClMMYT Economics Program

Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization
The Eleventh

Regional Wheat Workshop

For Eastern, Central and

Southern Africa

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
18-22 September, 2000
Sponsored by:
CIMMYT/CIDA Eastern Africa Cereals Program

CIMMYT Wheat Program

CIMMYT/EU MWIRNETIRSA Project

CIMMYT Economics Program

Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization
CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific
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agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, and
sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one
of 16 similar centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Research (CGIAR, www.cgiar.org). The CGIAR comprises about 60 partner countries,
international and regional organizations, and private foundations. It is co-sponsored by the
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© International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 2000. All rights reserved.
Responsibility for this publication rests solely with CIMMYT. The designations employed in
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Printed in Ethiopia.
Correct citation: CIMMYT. 2000. The Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern,
Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
ISBN: 92-9146-087-7
On the cover: Upper left: Land preparation by "maresha" (Debre Zeit, Ethiopia).
Upper right: Farmer Research Group assessing wheat genotype by
management level participatory trial (Debre Mewi, Ethiopia).
Lower left: Farmers threshing wheat (Adet, Ethiopia).
Lower right: The end product --home-made "dabo" (Kulumsa, Ethiopia).
[Photos provided by Douglas Tanner, CIMMYT]
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Vll Acknowledgments.
V111 Countries participating in the Eleventh Regional \Vbeat Workshop for Eastern,
Central and Southern Africa.
A welcome on behalfofthe CIMMYT Board ofTmstees. lohan Holmberg.
Crop Improvement
6 CIMMYT's new approach to address production constraints in marginal areas ­
Global Project 5. W.H. Pfeiffer, R.M. Trethowan and T.S. Payne.
16 Sources of variation for grain yield performance of bread wheat in north-western
Ethiopia. Tadesse Dessalegn, Bedada Girma, T.S. Payne, C.S. van Deventer and M.T.
Labuschagne.
25 Germplasm enhancement through wide hybridization and molecular breeding. Harjit
Singh, H.S. Dhaliwal and Yifru Teklu.
34 Quality of Ethiopian durum wheat cultivars. Efrem Bechere, R.1. Pena and Demissie
Mitiku.
45 On-farm demonstration of improved durum wheat varieties under enhanced drainage
on Vertisols in the central highlands ofEthiopia. Fasil Kelemework, Teklu Erkosa,
Teklu Tesfaye and Assefa Gizaw.
49 Identification ofEthiopian wheat cuItivars by seed storage protein electrophoresis.
Amsal Tarekegne, M.T. Labuschagne and H. Maartens.
60 Genetic improvement in grain yield and associated changes in traits of bread wheat
cultivars in the Sudan. Izzat S.A. Tahir, Abdalla B. Elahmedi, Abu EI Hassan S.
Ibrahim and O.S. Abdalla.
67 Increasing yield potential for marginal areas by exploring genetic resources
collections. B. Skovmand and M.P. Reynolds.
78 Bread wheat yield stability and environmental clustering of major wheat growing
zones in Ethiopia. Debebe Masresha, Desalegn Debelo, Bedada Girma, Solomon
Gelalcha and Balcha Yaie.
87 Milling and baking quality of Ethiopian bread wheat cuItivars. Solomon Gelalcha,
Desalegn Debelo, Bedada Girma, T.S. Payne, Zewdie Alemayehu and Balcha Yaie.
97 Response of bread wheat genotypes to drought simulation under a mobile rain shelter
in Kenya. P.K. Kimurto, M.G. Kinyua and 1.M. Njoroge.
III
Table a/Contents
105 Developing wheat varieties for the drought-prone areas of Kenya: 1996-1999. M.G.
Kinyua, B. Otukho and O.S. Abdalla.
112 Milling and baking quality of South African irrigated wheat cultivars. I. Mamuya,
H.A. van Niekerk, M. Smith and F.P. Koekemoer.
121 Response of elite wheat genotypes to sowing date in the northern region of the Sudan.
Orner H. Ibrahim and O.S. Abdalla.
129 Field performance of mixtures of four wheat cultivars in Sudan. Mohamed S.
Mohamed, Abu Elhassan S. Ibrahim, AsharafM. Elhashim and Izzat S.A. Tahir.
Crop Protection
134 The assessment and significance of pathogenic variability in Puccinia striiformis in
breeding for resistance to stripe (yellow) rust: Australian and international studies.
C.R Wellings, RP. Singh, RA. McIntosh and A. Yahyaoui.
144 Sources and genetic basis of variability of major and minor genes for yellow rust
resistance in CIMMYT wheats. Ravi P. Singh and Julio Huerta-Espino.
152 Performance of four new leaf rust resistance genes transferred to common wheat from
Triticum tauschii and T monococcum. Temam Hussien.
160 Host range of wheat stem rust in Ethiopia. Zerihun Kassaye and O.S. Abdalla.
164 Stability of stem rust resistance in some Ethiopian durum wheat varieties. Sewalem
Amogne, Woubit Dawit and Yeshi Andenow.
169 Field response of bread wheat genotypes to Septoria tritid blotch. Temesgen Kebede
and T.S. Payne.
183 Is it necessary to apply insecticides to Russian wheat aphid resistant cultivars? V.
Tolmay and R Mare.
190 Russian wheat aphid resistant wheat cultivars as the main component of an integrated
control program. V. Tolmay, G. Prinsloo and J. Hatting.
195 Development of linear equations for predicting wheat rust epidemics in New HaIfa,
Sudan. M.A. Mahir.
208 Breeding for disease resistance in wheat in Uganda. William Wamala Wagoire.
Crop Management
216 Spatial tools for wheat research in Eastern and Southern Africa. D.P. Hodson, J.W.
White, J.D. Corbett and D.G. Tanner.
229 Response of some durum wheat landraces to nitrogen application on Ethiopian
Vertisols. Teklu Erkossa, Tekalign Mamo, Selamyihun Kidane and Mesfin Abebe.
IV
Table o/Contents
239 Agronomic and economic evaluation of the on-farm Nand P response of bread wheat
grown on two contrasting soil types in central Ethiopia. Amsal Tarekegne, D.G.
Tanner, Taye Tessema and Chanyallew Mandefro.
253 Effects of soil waterlogging on the concentration and uptake of selected nutrients by
wheat genotypes differing in tolerance. Amsal Tarekegne, A.T.P. Bennie and M.T.
Labuschagne.
264 Effect of crop rotation and fertilizer application on wheat yield performance across
five years at two locations in south-eastern Ethiopia. Amanuel Gorfu, Kefyalew
Girma, D.G. Tanner, Asefa Taa and Shambel Maru.
275 Effects of tillage and cropping sequence practices on wheat production over eight
years on a farmer's field in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Asefa Taa, D.G.
Tanner, Kefyalew Girma, Amanuel Gorfu and Shambel Maru.
291 Survey of weed community structure in bread wheat in three districts of Arsi Zone in
south-eastern Ethiopia. Kefyalew Girma, Shambel Maru, Amanuel Gorfu, Workiye
Tilahun and Mekonnen Kassaye.
302 Evaluation of herbicides for the control of brome grass in wheat in south-eastern
Ethiopia. Shambel Maru, Kefyalew Girma and D.G. Tanner.
309 Evaluation of the effects of surface drainage methods on the yield of bread wheat on
Vertisols in Arsi Zone. Yesuf Assen, Duga Debele and Amanuel Gorfu.
316 Crop rotation effects on grain yield and yield components of bread wheat in the Bale
highlands of south-eastern Ethiopia. Tilahun Geleto, Kedir Nefo and Feyissa Tadesse.
325 Impact of cropping sequence and fertilizer application on key soil parameters after
three years of a crop rotation trial. 1. Kamwaga, p.G. Tanner, E.W. Nassiuma and P.
Bor.
336 The introduction of disease and pest resistant wheat cultivars to small-scale farming
systems in the highlands of Lesotho. 1. Tolmay, M.L. Rosenblum, M. Moletsane, M.
Makula and T. Pederson.
341 Reducing mechanical harvesting losses of wheat under large-scale production in the
Gezira Scheme, Sudan. Mamoun I. Dawelbeit.
347 Effects of crop rotation, tillage method and N application on wheat yield at Hanang
Wheat Farms, Tanzania. P.L. Antapa and W.L. Mariki.
352 On-farm evaluation of the response of four bread wheat varieties to nitrogen fertilizer
in Karatu district in northern Tanzania. H.A. Mansoor, RV. Ndondi, D.G. Tanner, P.
Ndakidemi and R.T. Ngatokewa.
360 Timing nitrogen application to enhance wheat grain yields in northern Tanzania. M.L.
Mugendi, C. Lyamchai, W.L. Mariki and M. Israe1.
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Table o/Contents
366 Delayed nitrogen application and late tiller production in wheat grown under
greenhouse conditions. l.A. Adjetey and L.C. Campbell.
370 Response of weed infestation and grain yield of wheat to frequency of tillage and
weed control methods under rainfed conditions at Arsi Negelle, Ethiopia. Tenaw
Workayehu.
Economics
379 Globalization ofthe wheat market and the emerging trends in wheat research and
technology generation. P. Pingali.
380 Farmer participatory evaluation ofpromising bread wheat production technologies in
north-western Ethiopia. Aklilu Agidie, D.G. Tanner, Minale Liben, Tadesse
Dessalegn and Baye Kebede.
391 A client oriented research approach to the transfer of improved durum wheat
production technology. Fasil Kelemework, Benmet Gashawbeza, Teklu Tesfaye and
Teklu Erkosa.
395 Economics of fertilizer use on durum wheat. Hailemariam T/Wold and Gezahegen
Ayele.
403 On-farm analysis of durum wheat production technologies in central Ethiopia. Kenea
Yadeta, Setotaw Ferede, Hailemariam T/Wold and Fasil KlWork.
411 A study of the adoption of bread wheat production technologies in Arsi Zone. Setotaw
Ferede, D.G. Tanner, H. Verkuijl and Takele Gebre.
427 Farmer participatory evaluation of bread wheat varieties and its impact on adoption of
technology in West Shewa zone of Ethiopia. Kas~a Getu, Kassahun Zewdie, Amsal
Tarekegne and Girma Taye.
435 Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop Participants.
VI
ACKNO\VLEDGMENTS

The Organizing Committee for the Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central
and Southern Africa wish to thank the following groups, organizations and individuals for
their contributions towards the success of this workshop:
• The management and staff of the ILRJ-Ethiopia campus for providing the conference and
accommodation facilities, and for catering for the participants' requirements.
• The CIMMYT/CIDA Eastern Africa Cereals Program, the CIMMYT Wheat and
Economics Programs, and the CIMMYT/EU MWIRNETIRSA Project for supporting the
travel and accommodation expenses for most of the 55 participants.
• The management and staff of the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO)
for organizing the field day visits to the Kulumsa and Debre Zeit research centers, and for
arranging the hospitality enjoyed during each visit.
• Dr. Seyfu Ketema, Director General of EARO, for officially opening the workshop, and
welcoming the participants to Ethiopia.
• H.E. Ambassador lohan Holmberg, Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees ofCIMMYT, for
welcoming the workshop participants on behalf of the CIMMYT Board.
• Dr. Sanjaya Rajaram, Director of the CIMMYT Wheat Program, for welcoming the
workshop participants on behalf of the CIMMYT Director General and the Wheat
Program, and for his concluding comments to the workshop.
• The keynote speakers: Drs. Wolfgang Pfeiffer, Prabhu Pingali, Ravi Singh and Colin
Wei lings.
• Mr. Antenyismu Workalemahu ofCIMMYT-Ethiopia for invaluable assistance with all
aspects of local organization and logistics.
• The technical and layout editors for the workshop proceedings: Thomas Payne for crop
breeding and protection papers, and Douglas Tanner for crop management and socio­
economICS papers.
• Mrs. Aklilewerk Bekele ofCIMMYT-Ethiopia for incorporating all revisions in the word
processor files.
• The Publications Unit of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRJ) for printing
the workshop proceedings in Ethiopia.
Vll
e>..... I
Countries participating in the Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop
for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa.
Vlll
A WELCOME ON BEHALF OF THE CIMMYT BOARD OF TRUSTEES
lohan Holmberg
Ambassador of Sweden to Ethiopia and Vice Chair, CIMMYT Board of Trustees
Dear participants and friends,
I may be an ambassador now, but my background is in agriculture and I worked with rural
development in Ethiopia during the 1970s. I am here today as a representative of the
CIMMYT Board to welcome you all to this workshop. Let me say at the outset that I am
proud to represent CIMMYT. This is, as most of you know, one of the oldest and also largest
of the CGIAR centers. Allow me on this occasion to brag a little about CIMMYT. While I
may be partial, I have reason to believe that it is one of the very best CGIAR centers in terms
of scientific output. It certainly is one of the leading CGIAR centers in terms of
biotechnology and it is in the forefront as regards policies on IPRs. Given its mandate on
maize and wheat it is what is called a commodity center and as such has a better sense of
purpose than other centers with less clear mandates. World class research is being conducted
at CIMMYT. Recently, CIMMYT received a prestigious prize for its research on high­
protein maize. I am pleased that you can come here and share some of CIMMYT' s results.
I already mentioned that I lived in Ethiopia during the 1970s. In fact, I lived here for five
years working in agriculture and in the very area that you will visit tomorrow, the Arsi region
some 170 km from here. I often get the question how Ethiopia of today compares with the
Ethiopia that I knew 25 years ago. What I will do this morning is to try to answer that
question from the perspective of agricultural development.
It pleases me enormously that you will all be making a field trip tomorrow to the Kulumsa
Research Center. In the bad old days, Kulumsa was an Italian farm; there are still Italian
writings visible on some of the buildings. Later, in the· 1960s, Swedish experts identified
Chilalo awraja in Arsi region as suitable for a new experimental rural development project
trying what were then very innovative ideas, derived from the Comilla Academy in
Bangladesh, to integrate different development activities designed to reduce rural poverty.
This project started in 1967 after one year of preparation. From the outset, it developed
Kulumsa as a seed farm and research station. When you go there tomolTow, most of the
buildings that you will see were constructed as part of the Swedish-supported Chilalo
Agricultural Development Unit, or CADU project. If you go on to Asella, you may see the
project center with many more buildings - all built as part of CADU.
The Swedes left the project in the late 1980s. By then, there were considerable problems
arising out of the then government's policy of promoting collective approaches to agriculture,
including forcing farmers to move into collective villages. It had become very difficult to
assess project results and staff were very disenchanted. I think it is fair to say that it was with
a certain relief that the Swedes terminated their support, but we were eventually replaced by
Italians. Earlier this year, I participated in an OECD-sponsored evaluation of the large Italian
aid program to Ethiopia. I was pleased to note that the Italian support in Arsi not only
continues, but is regarded as one of the best projects in the Italian portfolio today!
1