The Elements Of Shipping

239 Pages·1977·5.216 MB·English

by  Alan E. Branch M.C.I.T., A.M.I.Ex., A.I.T.A. (auth.)

THE ELEMENTS OF SHIPPING
The Elements
Of Shipping
ALAN E. BRANCH
M.C.I.T., A.M.I.Ex., A.I.T.A.
Lecturer, Transport Studies
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
First published 1964
by Chapman and Hall Ltd
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
2nd edition 1970
3rd edition 1975
© 1964, 1970, 1975 Alan E. Branch
Originally published by Chapman and Hall Ltd in 1975
ISBN 978-0-412-10040-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-6916-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-6916-3
This limp bound edition is sold subject to the condition that it
shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired
out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior
consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in
which it is published and without a similar condition
including this condition being imposed on the subsequent
purchaser
All rights reserved. No part oft his book may be reprinted, or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74--15499
TO
MY WIFE
Preface To First Edition
fhis book has been written with the aim of introducing
shipping to those who have little or no knowledge of the
subject. It is written in simple language and outlines the main
economic, commercial, operating and political aspects of this
very wide subject. The reader should master this book before
tackling more advanced textbooks.
It is intended not only for the student preparing for
shipping examinations, but also for the shipping employee
who wishes to further his general knowledge of the subject.
The book is particularly commended to students studying
the shipping examinations sponsored by the Institute of
Chartered Shipbrokers, Institute of Freight Forwarders Ltd,
Institute of Export, Institute of Materials Handling, Institute
of Traffic Administration, Port Working Education scheme,
the University of London Diploma in Transport Studies,
Institute of Transport, Industrial Transport Association,
Society of Shipping Executives Ltd, Royal Society of Arts,
City of London College shipping certificate sponsored by
Chamber of Shipping, City of Liverpool College of
Commerce shipping certificate, and London Chamber of
Commerce.
In writing this book I am greatly indebted to the various
shipping institutes and organizations. To all who have helped
me so generously I am deeply grateful.
My greatest debt is to a fellow tutor of the Transport
Tutorial Association Ltd, Mr J. R. Basham, A. M. Inst. T.,
ASF. He gave me much useful advice and was a constant
source of inspiration and enthusiasm.
At my request, Mr Basham was responsible for Chapter 7
on maritime canals, Mr M. N. Doig, M.A.(Oxon.) and Mr
G. C. Killby have also read the draft and the book has
benefited greatly from their comments. I am also indebted to
Mr D. A. Rollinson who was responsible for the diagrams,
and to my wife for help in reading the proofs.
East London College of Commerce A. E. B.
May 1964
vii
Preface To Second
Edition
Since the first edition was published it has become an
established work on the subject, adopted by numerous
Institutes, Technical Colleges and Universities throughout
the world, involving over forty countries. Moreover, it is
used very extensively in shipping offices on an international
scale as an aide memoire.
It is perhaps fitting, at a time of great change and
opportunity in the industry when the U.K. maritime fleet is
leading the world, that the second edition should emerge from
a country which has always been regarded as the seat of
learning on the subject.
Opportunity has been taken in the second edition to enlarge
the book slightly by including a chapter on charter parties and
an appendix on Shipping terms and abbreviations.
In revising this book I am greatly indebted to the various
organizations which have helped me so generously, for which
I am deeply grateful. I would like particularly to acknowledge
with thanks the secretarial help from Mr and Mrs Splarn, and
my dear wife for her forbearance, encouragement and help in
this task, especially with proof reading.
A. E. B.
19, The Ridings,
Emmer Green,
Reading,
Berkshire.
September 1970.
viii
Preface To Third Edition
It is fitting the third edition of this established, internationally
sold textbook - retailing in 95 countries - emerges at a time of
continuing change and expansion of world shipping -
particularly at a time when the United Kingdom has its
biggest ever merchant fleet. Opportunity has been taken in
the enlarged third edition to reflect such implicated changes.
It deals more extensively with ship management techniques,
liner conferences and containerization which has a separate
chapter. An enlarged appendix on shipping terms and
abbreviations is also provided. Such enrichment to the third
edition should further its popularity in numerous Institutes,
Technical Colleges and Universities throughout the world.
Moreover, the enlarged third edition should further its use in
shipping offices and in particular by the Shipping Executive.
In revising this book I am greatly indebted to the various
organizations which have helped me so generously, for which
I am deeply grateful. I am also grateful to my life long friend
Duncan M. Copeland for the diagrammatical material.
Finally, in common with the second edition, I would
particularly acknowledge with thanks the secretarial help
from Mr and Mrs Splarn, and as always, my dear wife for her
forbearance, encouragement and help in this task, especially
with proof reading.
A. E. B.
19, The Ridings,
Emmer Green,
Reading,
Berkshire,
England.
November 1974.
ix
Contents
Preface to First Edition page VII
Preface to Second Edition
V III
Preface to Third Edition ix
I Introduction
Scope of book. Function of shipping and its relationship
to international trade.
2 The Ship 3
Mainfeatures ofhull and machinery. Types ofp ropulsion.
Types and methods of tonnage measurement.
Relationship between deadweight tonnage and cubic
capacity.
3 Ship Design and Construction 14
General principles and factors influencing design, type
and size of ship. Safety and other regulations. Recent
trends in ship design. General structure of cargo vessels.
Economics of new and second-hand tonnage.
4 Ships and their Cargoes 31
Types of ships. Liners. Tramps. Specialized vessels.
5 Manning of Vessels 42
Duties and responsibilities of the Master. Ship's officers
and crew manning. Engagement and discharge of the
crew (including Articles of Agreement). The National
Maritime Board. The British Shipping Federation.
International Shipping Federation.
6 Customs House and Ships' Papers 54
Organization and workings of Customs and Excise.
Importation and exportation ofg oods. Revenue and Brus-
sels Nomenclature. European Economie Communities -
Community Transit. Report (or entering in) and inward
clearance. Entry outwards and outward clearance. Ship's
papers. Ship's protest. Inland clearance depots.
7 Maritime Canals 69
The economic effect of canals and the ievel of dues
charged. The Influence of canals on ship design. Canal
x
The Elements of Shipping XI
restrictions and their influence on routing. Canal areas as
poi/as of economic growth.
8 Services performed by Principal Shipping Organizations 74
General Council of British Shipping. The International
Chamber of Shipping. Inter-Governmental Maritime
Consultative Organization. Council of European and
Japanese National Shipowners Associations
(C.E.N.S.A.). International Committee of Passenger
Lines. Ocean Travel Development. United Kingdom
Timber Trade Shipowners Demurrage Association. Inter
national Committee on the Organization of Traffic at Sea.
Lloyd's Register of Shipping. The Corporation of Lloyds.
Protection and Indemnity Associations. The Baltic
Exchange. British Shippers' Council.
9 Passenger Fares and Freight Rates 98
Theory of passenger fares. Effect of air competition on
passenger traffic. Short Sea and Estuarial Passenger
Trades .. Theory off reight rates and effect of air competi
tion on cargo traffic. Relation between liner and tramp
rates. Relation between voyage and time charter rates.
Types offreight. Mail contracts and agreements.
10 Liner Conferences 110
Liner conference system. Advantages and disadvantages.
Deferred rebate and contract systems. Government
control off reight rates.
II Ship Operation 122
Factors to consider in planning sailing schedules.
Problems presented to shipowners by fluctuations in trade
and unequal balance of trade. The relative importance of
speed, frequency, reliability and cost of sea transport.
Voyage estimates.