The Egyptian Collection at Norwich Castle Museum: Catalogue and Essays

505 Pages·2019·22.632 MB·English

by  Faye Kalloniatis

The Egyptian Collection
at Norwich Castle Museum
Catalogue and Essays
Faye Kalloniatis
With Contributing Authors
Essays (with entries): Irmtraut Munro, John H. Taylor, Gabriele Wenzel
Catalogue entries: Maarten Horn, Marcus Müller-Roth, Tineke Rooijakkers,
Noriyuki Shirai, Sian Thomas, Gabriele Wenzel
Photography: Martin Shepherd
Oxford & Philadelphia
Published in the United Kingdom in 2019 by
OXBOW BOOKS
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OXBOW BOOKS
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© Oxbow Books, Faye Kalloniatis and the contributing authors 2019
Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-196-8
Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-197-5 (epub)
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2019939199
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Cover: Queen Ahmose, bas relief from temple of Hatshepsut (cat no 347).
Contents
List of Plates. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..v
Contributors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .vi
Foreword. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. vii
Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..viii
Author’s Explanatory Note .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .ix
Chronology. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..x
Abbreviations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .xi
PART I: ESSAYS ON THE NORWICH COLLECTION
1 The Egyptian Collection at Norwich Castle Museum (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2
2 The Mummies and Coffi ns of Ankh-hor and Heribrer (John H. Taylor). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20
3 The Norwich Shroud of Ipu (Irmtraut Munro). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40
4 An Exceptional Model Granary (Gabriele Wenzel) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47
PART 2: THE CATALOGUE
5 Stelae (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 62
6 Funerary Figurines: Shabtis and Ushebtis (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 73
7 Metal Figurines (Faye Kalloniatis). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95
8 Amulets (Faye Kalloniatis). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .114
9 Scarabs, Scaraboids, Plaques and Seals (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .157
10 Jewellery (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .188
11 Grooming and Cosmetic Equipment (Gabriele Wenzel & Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .227
12 Vessels (Gabriele Wenzel). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .247
13 Stone Artefacts (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .267
14 Coffi ns, Mummies and Related Artefacts (John H. Taylor & Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .277
15 Inscribed Linen and Papyrus (Marcus Müller-Roth) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .286
16 Model Objects (Gabriele Wenzel & Faye Kalloniatis). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .291
17 Architectural and Furniture Elements (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .299
18 Varia (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .307
19 Flint Implements (Noriyuki Shirai & Maarten Horn) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .328
20 Animal Mummies (Faye Kalloniatis). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .333
iv (cid:3469)(cid:3457)(cid:3454) (cid:3454)(cid:3456)(cid:3474)(cid:3465)(cid:3469)(cid:3458)(cid:3450)(cid:3463) (cid:3452)(cid:3464)(cid:3461)(cid:3461)(cid:3454)(cid:3452)(cid:3469)(cid:3458)(cid:3464)(cid:3463) (cid:3450)(cid:3469) (cid:3463)(cid:3464)(cid:3467)(cid:3472)(cid:3458)(cid:3452)(cid:3457) (cid:3452)(cid:3450)(cid:3468)(cid:3469)(cid:3461)(cid:3454) (cid:3462)(cid:3470)(cid:3468)(cid:3454)(cid:3470)(cid:3462)
21 Lamps (Faye Kalloniatis). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .339
22 Late Antique Textiles (Tineke Rooijakkers). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .343
23 Victorian and Early Twentieth-Century Egyptianising Jewellery (Etc) (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .350
24 Fakes and Replicas (Faye Kalloniatis) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .356
PART 3: TRANSLATIONS: LINENS, PAPYRUS AND GRANARY
25 The Shroud of Ipu: Translation and Commentary (Irmtraut Munro) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .364
26 Djed-mut’s BD Papyrus and Mummy Bandages: Translations (Marcus Müller-Roth) .. .. .. .. .375
27 The Granary Inscriptions: Translation (Gabriele Wenzel) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .380
Appendix: Additional Late Antique Textiles (Tineke Rooijakkers). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .385
Bibliography.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .387
Index. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .417
Colour plates. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .421
List of Plates
Plate (number) Title
1–2 Stelae
3–6 Shabtis and Ushebtis
7–9 Metal Figurines
10–19 Amulets
20–28 Scarabs, Scaraboids, Plaques, Seals
29–41 Jewellery
42–44 Grooming and Cosmetic Equipment
45–47 Vessels
48–50 Stone Artefacts
51–55 Mummies and Coffi ns
56–58 Inscribed Linen and Papyrus
59–60 Model Objects
61 Architectural and Furniture Elements
62–65 Varia
66 Flint Implements
67 Animal Mummies
68 Lamps
69 Late Antique Textiles
70 Victorians and Twentieth Century
Contributors
M(cid:3450)(cid:3450)(cid:3467)(cid:3469)(cid:3454)(cid:3463) H(cid:3464)(cid:3467)(cid:3463) studied Archaeology and Egyptology N(cid:3464)(cid:3467)(cid:3458)(cid:3474)(cid:3470)(cid:3460)(cid:3458) S(cid:3457)(cid:3458)(cid:3467)(cid:3450)(cid:3458) (PhD in Archaeology at Leiden
at Leiden University and is currently completing a PhD University in the Netherlands) is an Honorary
at the University of East Anglia. His research interests Research Associate in the Institute of Archaeology at
include material culture studies, mortuary archaeology, University College London. His research focus is on
museum collections and archives, and the history and the Neolithisation of Egypt and lithic technology and
theory of archaeology. He has published articles on he has published several works in these areas.
the Neolithic ‘Badarian’ Period in Egypt. NS
MH
J(cid:3464)(cid:3457)(cid:3463) H. T(cid:3450)(cid:3474)(cid:3461)(cid:3464)(cid:3467) is Assistant Keeper in the Department
M(cid:3450)(cid:3467)(cid:3452)(cid:3470)(cid:3468) M(cid:3507)(cid:3461)(cid:3461)(cid:3454)(cid:3467)-R(cid:3464)(cid:3469)(cid:3457) studied Egyptology at the of Ancient Egypt and Sudan at the British Museum. He
Universities of Heidelberg, Cologne, Mainz and is an authority on ancient Egyptian funerary practices,
Tübingen. He worked 2006 – 2012 on the Book of particularly the evolution of coffins in the first
the Dead Project at the University of Bonn, funded by millennium BC. He is the author of numerous books
the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, and articles on this and other Egyptological subjects.
Humanities and the Arts. His research focuses on the JHT
vignettes of the Saitic Recension. MM
S(cid:3458)(cid:3450)(cid:3463) T(cid:3457)(cid:3464)(cid:3462)(cid:3450)(cid:3468) is a former solicitor who specialises in
I(cid:3467)(cid:3462)(cid:3469)(cid:3467)(cid:3450)(cid:3470)(cid:3469) M(cid:3470)(cid:3463)(cid:3467)(cid:3464) had mainly specialised in Book of ancient Egyptian legal texts. Her PhD thesis focused
the Dead studies. For over 20 years she worked on the on demotic contracts from Pathyris in Upper Egypt.
Book of the Dead project affi liated with the University She studied the Norwich Museum demotic tablets
of Bonn. She has published numerous monographs and while Centenary Research Fellow at Selwyn College,
articles and has contributed to catalogues. Now retired, Cambridge.
she continues to be active in Book of the Dead research. ST
IM
G(cid:3450)(cid:3451)(cid:3467)(cid:3458)(cid:3454)(cid:3461)(cid:3454) W(cid:3454)(cid:3463)(cid:3475)(cid:3454)(cid:3461) has undertaken fi eld work in the
T(cid:3458)(cid:3463)(cid:3454)(cid:3460)(cid:3454) (C.T.) R(cid:3464)(cid:3464)(cid:3458)(cid:3459)(cid:3450)(cid:3460)(cid:3460)(cid:3454)(cid:3467)(cid:3468) is a Research Fellow at the Nile Delta (Minshat Abu Omar and Tell Basta) and
University of Amsterdam. She studies social aspects is now a member of the M.i.N. project affi liated with
of dress, relating both to the past and to the present. the Humboldt University Berlin. Her special interests
She is also a specialist in the fi eld of fi rst-millennium include the material culture of the Early Dynastic
textiles from Egypt. Period, as well as the art of the Old Kingdom, the
TR First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom.
GW
Foreword
Many people in Norfolk might be surprised to learn that both the city and the county have a number of
signifi cant links with Egypt. For instance, Howard Carter of Tutankhamun fame, was associated with
Swaff ham. It was his association with the remarkable collection of Egyptian antiquities assembled by
Lord and Lady Amherst at nearby Didlington Hall, which inspired him to become an archaeologist.
John Mason Cook, the eldest son of the original travel agent, Thomas Cook, chose to build his country
seat at Sennowe Park near Fakenham. Much of the Cook family fortunes were due to the company’s
extremely successful Egyptian business, taking Victorian travellers to Cairo and on up the Nile –
including my own great-grandfather, Jeremiah James Colman.
My great-grandfather, Jeremiah James Colman, embarked on a family tour to Egypt in 1896/97,
buying around 250 ancient Egyptian artefacts during the course of the trip. These were all shipped
back to England and eventually installed within a specially-built oak display case at Carrow House,
the Colman family home. In 1921 this select collection was given to Norwich Castle Museum by J.J.
Col man’s two daughters, Ethel and Helen, who had been on the 1896/97 tour and who had inherited
the collection after their father’s death. These Colman antiquities now form the bulk of the Castle’s
collection of Egyptian treasures and they include two of the museum’s most exceptional pieces – an
early 18th Dynasty shroud and an early 11th Dynasty model granary. But the Colman benefaction was
by no means the fi rst gift of Egyptian antiquities.
The small but fi ne collection at Norwich Castle Museum was started back in the 1820s – amongst the
fi rst artefacts to come into the museum being an exquisite stone relief of Queen Ahmose, the mother
of Hatshepsut who was one of only a handful of female pharaohs. At that time, the museum was not
located in the Castle Keep as it is now, but in the Haymarket. It was not until 1894, after a number of
relocations, that the museum fi nally found its permanent home at the Castle.
Over time the collection grew – almost exclusively due to the generosity of several Norfolk-based
donors. Most notable amongst these was the early twentieth-century donor, Flaxman Spurrell, a close
friend and associate of Sir Flinders Petrie, one of the most prominent and infl uential Egyptologists of
his day. Spurrell donated a wealth of objects which had originated from Petrie’s excavations in Egypt.
The Castle’s Egyptian collection in its entirety has never been systematically studied and published
before and so on behalf of the people of Norfolk and my family, I very much welcome this publication
which seeks to address this omission.

Sir Timothy Colman KG
Acknowledgements
There are many people to thank for their generous contributions. I am grateful to Dr Martin Shepherd
who has worked tirelessly to photograph the Egyptian collection in its entirety. My sincere thanks also
to the contributing authors: for introductory essays I am grateful to Drs Irmtraut Munro, John H. Taylor
and Gabriele Wenzel; and for catalogue entries my thanks go to Drs Maarten Horn, Marcus Müller-
Roth, Tineke Rooijakkers, Noriyuki Shirai, Sian Thomas and again to Gabriele Wenzel. I am deeply
indebted to them all for having given so generously of their expertise and their time; this publication
is the richer for their eff orts.
For their insightful feedback which helped me to improve the texts my thanks to: Drs Carol Andrews,
Marsha Hill, Regina Hölzl, Glenn Janes, Lidja McKnight and Joachim Śliwa.
In the course of my work I made numerous enquiries to researchers and curators and I am grateful
to them all for responding so promptly and so expansively. There are too many to list here and my
thanks are included within the relevant sections of this publication. However, I would like to express
my appreciation to those whom I contacted on a number of occasions: Drs Caroline Cartwright, Ashley
Cooke, Denise Doxey, Caroline Graves-Brown, Marsha Hill, Liam McNamara, Jan Mohe, Christian
Orsenigo and Alice Stevenson.
Regarding colleagues at Norwich Castle Museum, I would like to thank Dr John Davies, Chief
Curator, for his continued and enthusiastic encouragement over the years. My thanks also to Steve
Miller, Director of the Norfolk Museums Service, for his support of the project. The Conservation and
Display departments were wonderfully responsive to the many requests I made and their eff orts helped
the project to move forward.
My thanks also to the ever-helpful librarians in Cambridge at the Haddon, the Fitzwilliam and the
University Libraries.
In addition to the Norfolk Museums Service’s contribution towards the printing costs of this
publication, the following organisations and individuals kindly donated funds: Astene (The Association
for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East), The John Jarrold Trust, Dr Helmut Brandl and
Mrs Shirley Place. Without their generous support this catalogue could not have been printed.
My thanks also to Val Lamb for so splendidly and patiently transforming the manuscript into a volume.
For their enthusiasm, resourcefulness and help with related events I wish to thank Peter Bower and
John Ash of the Wherry Yacht Charter; Simon Partridge and Sharon Hardy of the How Hill Trust;
Charlotte Crawley of the Art Fund; and the late Peter Boardman.
Και με ευχαριστίες και ευγνωμοσύνη στη μητέρα μου (1922–2014).
Author’s Explanatory Note
This volume catalogues the entire Egyptian collection at Norwich Castle Museum. Whether ‘extraordinary’
or ‘ordinary’ all artefacts are included and sit side by side. The catalogue entries (Part 2) are divided
into chapters based on function and material. Some chapters are further subdivided, generally according
to typology and all are set out chronologically.
Inevitably some objects fall within several categories and so decisions had to be made as to where to
place them. To enable the reader to more easily fi nd relevant material, and to avoid excessive repetition,
entries are cross-referenced throughout. Also, entries contain references to similar and related materials
in other collections and are to be found in the endnotes.
In the course of researching the collection the acquisition history of the artefacts as well as their
museum history, i.e., their history from the time of arrival at the museum, were informative and where
relevant, these histories are included in the endnotes.
In addition to the catalogue itself (Part 2), this volume includes: essays on the history of the collection
as well as on some of its exceptional artefacts (Part 1); translations of texts (Part 3 and within the
entries themselves); and an appendix. Colour plates are also included.