The Effects of Taurine on Excitable Tissues: Proceedings of the 21st Annual A. N. Richards Symposium of the Physiological Society of Philadelphia, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, April 23–24, 1979 PDF
Preview The Effects of Taurine on Excitable Tissues: Proceedings of the 21st Annual A. N. Richards Symposium of the Physiological Society of Philadelphia, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, April 23–24, 1979
THE EFFECTS OF TAURINE ON EXCITADLE TISSUES Monographs of the Physiological Society of Philadelphia Volume 1 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Proceedings of the Conference on Immunopharmacology Philadelphia, January 27-28, 1975 Marvin E. Rosenthale and Herbert C. Mansmann, Jr., Editors Volume 2 NEW ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS Proceedings of the A. N. Richards Symposium King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, May 19-20, 1975 Alexander Scriabine and Charles S. Sweet, Editors Volume 3 PROSTAGLANDINS IN HEMATOLOGY Proceedings of the International Symposium on Prostaglandins in Hematology Philadelphia, March 4-5, 1976 M. J. Silver, J. B. Smith and J. J. Kocsis, Editors Volume 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA Proceedings of the A. N. Symposium Philadelphia, May 6-7, 1976 Allan M. Lefer, Gerald J. Kelliher and Michael J. Rovetto, Editors Volume 5 HISTAMINE RECEPTORS Proceedings of the A. N. Richards Symposium Philadelphia, March 21-22, 1977 Tobias O. Yellin, Editor Volume 6 PROSTAGLANDINS IN CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL FUNCTION Proceedings of the A. N. Richards Symposium King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, May 8-9, 1978 Alexander Scriabine, Allan M. Lefer and Frederick A. Kuehl, Jr., Editors Volume 7 THE EFFECTS OF TAURINE ON EXCITABLE TISSUES Proceedings of the A. N. Richards Symposium Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, April 23-24, 1979 S. W. Schaffer, Steven I. Baskin and James J. Kocsis, Editors THE EFFECTS OF TAURINE ON EXCITABLE TISSUES Proceedings of the 21st Annual A. N. Richards Symposium of the Physiological Society of Philadelphia, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, April 23-24, 1979 Edited by S. W. Schaffer, Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Biophysics Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia Steven I. Baskin, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia James J. Kocsis, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia MTP!iUMITED International Medical Publishers Published in the UK and Europe by MTP Press Limited Falcon House Lancaster, England Published in the US by SPECTRUM PUBLICATIONS, INC 175-20 Wexford Terrace Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 Copyright © 1981 Spectrum Publications, Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1981 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means without prior written permission of the copyright holder or his licensee. ISBN -13 :978-94-009-8095-2 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-8093-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8093-8 Contributors R. M. ADEME R. BRESSLER Centro de I nvestigaciones en Fisiologia Department of Internal Medicine Celular University of Arizona Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico Tucson, Arizona Mexico S. CHANG Department of Internal Medicine L. E. ALTO University of Arizona Departments of Medicine and Physiology Tucson, Arizona University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada J. CHOVAN Department of Physiology and Biophysics A. BABA Hahnemann Medical College Department of Pharmacology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Osaka University Osaka, Japan M. F. CRASS, III Department of Physiology Texas Tech University School of Medicine J. BAHL Lubbock, Texas Department of I nternal Medicine University of Arizona A. N . DAVISON Tucson, Arizona Department of Neurochemistry Institute of Neurology London, England S. I. BASKIN The Medical College of Pennsylvania N. S. DHALLA Department of Pharmacology Department of Physiology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada H. F. BRADFORD Department of Biochemistry L. DURELL! Imperial College of Science and Technology Clinica Neurologica London, England Universita di Sassari Sassari, Italy N. BRESOL!N Department of Pharmacology L. FEUER College of Medicine Chinoin Pharmaceutical and Chemical Works University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Ltd. Tucson, Arizona Budapest, Hungary C. M. FINNEY R. J. HUXTABLE College of Marine Studies Department of Pharmacology University of Delaware University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Newark, Delaware Tucson, Arizona C. J. FRANGAKIS R. ITO Department of Internal Medicine Department of Pharmacology University of Arizona Toho University School of Medicine Tucson, Arizona Tokyo, Japan K. FURUKAWA H. IWATA Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Toho University School of Medicine Osaka University Tokyo, Japan Osaka, Japan G. GAULL A. KARPPINEN Department of Human Development and Department of Biochemistry Nutrition University of Oulu New York State Institute for Basic Research Oulu, Finland in Mental Retardation Staten Island, New York Y. KATAYAMA Institute for Neurobiology D. GROSSO Okayama University Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Okayama, Japan University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona J. C. KHATTER Departments of Medicine and Physiology R. J. HOESCHEN University of Manitoba Departments of Medicine and Physiology Winnipeg, Canada University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada D. C. KLEIN Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology N. HOMMA National Institute of Child Health and Department of Pharmacology Human Development Toho University School of Medicine National Institutes of Health Tokyo, Japan Bethesda, Maryland R. HORIE J. J. KOCSIS Japan Stroke Prevention Center and Department of Pharmacology Department of Pathology Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Shimane Medical University Jefferson University Izumo, Japan Philadelphia, Pennsylvania F. C. G. HOSKIN P.KONTRO Department of Biology Department of Biomedical Sciences Illinois Institute of Technology University of Tampere Chicago, Illinois Tampere, Finland R.E.HRUSKA Department of Pharmacology J. KRAMER College of Medicine Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Hahnemann Medical College Tucson, Arizona Philadelphia, Pennsylvania E. KULAKOWSKI W. LOVEN BERG Department of Physiology and Biophysics Section on Biochemical Pharmacology Hahnemann Medical College National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Philadelphia, Pennsylvania National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland E. KUMPULAINEN Department of Biochemistry K.-M. MARNELA University of Oulu Institute of Biomedical Sciences Oulu, Finland University of Tampere Tampere, Finland K. KURIYAMA Department of Pharmacology J. MARSHALL Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Visual Science Kyoto, Japan Institute of Ophthalmology University of London P. LAHDESMAKI London, England Department of Biochemistry University of Oulu M. MATSUMOTO Oulu, Finland Institute for Neurobiology Okayama University Medical School H. E. LAIRD Okayama, Japan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Arizona B. A. MEINERS Tucson, Arizona Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine N. LAKE University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Department of Visual Science Tucson, Arizona Institute of Ophthalmology University of London A. MORI London, England Institute for Neurobiology Okayama University Medical School B. LARSEN Okayama, Japan Department of Internal Medicine University of Arizona R. MUTANI Tucson, Arizona Clinica Neurologica U niversita di Sassari Sassari, Italy S. LIPPINCOTT Department of Pharmacology M. MURAMATSU University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Department of Pharmacology Tucson, Arizona Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto, Japan J. B. LOMBARDINI Department of Pharmacology and Y. NARA Therapeutics Japan Stroke Prevention Center and Texas Tech University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Lubbock, Texas Shimane Medical University lzumo, Japan , , A. M. LOPEZ-COLOME Centro de Investigaciones en Fisiologia C. NAUSS-KAROL Celular Department of Biochemical Nutrition Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. Oexico Nutley, New Jersey S.OHKUMA P. L. SONI Department of Pharmacology Departments of Medicine and Physiology Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine University of Manitoba Kyoto, Japan Winnipeg, Canada S. S. OJA R. C. SPETH Department of Biomedical Sciences Department of Pharmacology University of Tampere College of Medicine Tampere, Finland University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Tucson, Arizona A.OOSHIMA Japan Stroke Prevention Center and J. A. STURMAN Department of Pathology Developmental Neurochemistry Laboratory Shimane Medical University Department of Pathological Neurobiology lzumo, Japan Institute for Basic Research in Mental Retardation A.C./. ORAEDU Staten Island, New York Department of Visual Science Institute of Ophthalmology E. J. THOMPSON University of London Department of Neurochemistry London, England Institute of Neurology London, England H. PASANTES-MORALES Centro de I nvestigaciones en Fisiologia T. UCHIYAMA Celular Department of Pharmacology Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico Toho University School of Medicine Mexico Tokyo, Japan D. K. RASSIN C. VANDERWENDE Department of Human Development and College of Pharmacy Nutrition Rutgers - The State University New York State Institute for Basic Research Piscataway, New Jersey in Mental Retardation Staten Island, New York M. J. VOADEN Department of Visual Science Institute of Ophthalmology S. W. SCHAFFER University of London Department of Physiology and Biophysics London, England Hahnemann Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania J. D. WELTY Division of Biochemistry, Physiology and S. Y. SCHMIDT Pharmacology Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of The University of South Dakota School of Retinal Degenerations Medicine Harvard Medical School, Mass Eye and Ear Vermillion, South Dakota Boston, Massachusetts M. C. WELTY J. SHAFFER Division of Biochemistry, Physiology and Department of Pharmacology Pharmacology Jefferson Medical College of Thomas The University of South Dakota School of Jefferson University Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Vermillion, South Dakota G.H.T. WHELER Y. YAMORI Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology Japan Stroke Prevention Center and National Institute of Child Health and Department of Pathology Human Development Shimane Medical University National Institutes of Health Izumo, Japan Bethesda, Maryland S. YODA S. YAMAGAMI Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Toho University School of Medicine Osaka University Tokyo, Japan Osaka, Japan I. YOKOI K. YAMAGUCHI Institute for Neurobiology Department of Medical Chemistry Okayama University Medical School Osaka Medical College Okayama, Japan Osaka, Japan H. I. YA MAMURA Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Tucson, Arizona Preface It has become an annual custom for the Physiological Society of Philadel phia to sponsor a spring symposium in honor of A. N. Richards (\876-1966), a research pharmacologist who developed the classical micropuncture tech nique for studying kidney function. The A. N. Richards Symposium for 1979 was held on April 23-24 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. The theme of this symposium was "The Actions of Taurine on Excitable Tissues." Although taurine was discovered as a constituent of bile salts in 1857 by a chemist and an anatomist (Gmelin and Tiedemann), interest today centers chiefly on the extrahepatic actions of taurine, especially in brain, heart, and other excitable tissues. Research on taurine is clearly in a period of exponential growth. We can be sure that the research reports presented and described herein as the "Proceedings of the Symposium" will provide impetus for further growth. Thus the report describing macromolecular receptors for taurine in myocardial sarcolemma may provide a model for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie the action(s) of taurine. Stabilization of mem branes and modulation of ion fluxes are two fundamental actions of taurine dealt with in many of these reports. It is just these actions of taurine that have been reported by several investigators as being involved in human myotonia, diabetes, and heart failure. Other presentations at the symposium will add to the growing consensus that taurine acts as a modulator rather than a transmitter in the eNS. Hyper tension, epilepsy, and feline retinal degeneration have been described here by other investigators as diseases in which either the biosynthesis, uptake, or re lease of tissue taurine may be critical. The biological effects of the newly discovered taurine analogue y glutamyl taurine, along with those of hypotaurine and taurocyamine, again raise the question as to whether it is taurine or its analogues that mediate "the effects of taurine." Reports describing methods for reducing tissue taurine levels provide another approach to answering this same question. Altogether the proceedings of this symposium should provide a useful summary of the rapidly growing knowledge about taurine and its biological effects. We wish to thank the Physiological Society of Philadelphia for their sponsorship and financial support, and the officers of the society for their per sonal assistance in making the symposium a success. We also gratefully
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