The Effects of Organizational Restructuring and Acceptance of Change on Employees' Motivation PDF
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Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2017 The Effects of Organizational Restructuring and Acceptance of Change on Employees' Motivation Eve Maria Fleming Walden University Follow this and additional works at:https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of theBusiness Administration, Management, and Operations Commons,Higher Education Administration Commons, and theManagement Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please [email protected]. Walden University College of Education This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Maria Fleming has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Laura Weidner, Committee Chairperson, Education Faculty Dr. Cheryl Keen, Committee Member, Education Faculty Dr. Kathleen Lynch, University Reviewer, Education Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2017 Abstract The Effects of Organizational Restructuring and Acceptance of Change on Employees’ Motivation by Eve Maria Fleming MPA, University of the Virgin Islands, 2005 BA, University of the Virgin Islands, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University 2017 Abstract Numerous internal and external factors drive decisions to undertake organizational restructuring; according to senior management, restructuring is part of a strategic change. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory, case study was to examine the effects of organizational restructuring on university employees’ behavior towards restructuring and change in the effectiveness of the institution. The conceptual framework drew on the social change theory, a primary triad model, and a congruence model for organization problems to frame the guiding questions: how does restructuring impact employees’ motivation and acceptance of change and how does the employees’ acceptance of change affect the institution’s effectiveness? From a purposeful sample of 130 employees at a small land grant university who had experienced 2, 3, or 4 recent restructurings, 66 respondents answer the open-ended survey. The data also included historical documents and interviews with 6 employees. All data were coded and categorized. Four themes emerged. Employees were reluctant to embrace the change; employees not satisfied with the communication process; employees experienced low motivation, attitude change, and dwindling morale; and employees perceived that there were no significant changes in the effectiveness of the institution. These findings indicate that management should devise practical means by which to communicate, receive feedback, and encourage input from the employees. Cultivating a better understanding of the challenges of the restructuring process by management, can create an atmosphere whereby employees can see themselves involved in the change process as implications for social change. The Effect of Organizational Restructuring and Acceptance of Change on Employees’ Motivation by Eve Maria Fleming MPA, University of the Virgin Islands, 2005 BA, University of the Virgin Islands, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University 2017 Dedication To the loving memory of my Mom, I wish you were here to witness this precious moment. To my sister, Mary, who wished I would hurry and get on with my life, and to my two sons, thank you! Acknowledgments First, I want to thank God for giving me the strength to endure to the end. I have made it! Thank you, thank you Dr. Elizabeth Kehoe (former chair of my committee) for the times you listened to me, frustrated and ready to give up, and gave me the encouragement to continue; I have now arrived. Thanks also to Dr. Laura Weidner who stepped in to be my committee chair and pledged to continue with me to the end. I relied on her countless times during this journey, both personally and academically. Your thoughtfulness, encouragement, and intelligence brought me through. To Dr. Keen, my committee member and methodologist, thank you, thank you. Your insights in making my work more succinct and ready for the best presentation, were phenomenal. I am lucky to have had both of you on my committee. Without your guidance, this day would not have been possible. To my former supervisor and friend, who encouraged me to begin the program and gave me guidance in selecting the best institution to commence my studies, thank you. To my adopted mom, who encouraged me to continue when the nights were more than nights. To my friends and lunch crew, thank you for your encouragement. Table of Contents List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………. v List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Background ............................................................................................................. 4 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 7 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................... 9 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 10 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................... 10 Nature of the Study ............................................................................................... 13 Definitions............................................................................................................. 14 Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 15 Scope and Delimitations ....................................................................................... 16 Limitations ............................................................................................................ 16 Significance........................................................................................................... 17 Summary ............................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................20 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................20 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................20 Literature Review on the Key Variables ............................................................................26 Leadership ....................................................................................................................28 i Transformational leadership. ................................................................................ 28 Distributed patterns of leadership. ........................................................................ 30 Motivation ....................................................................................................................32 Effectiveness ......................................................................................................................36 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................39 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................41 Research Design and Rationale .........................................................................................41 Role of Researcher .............................................................................................................44 Methodology ......................................................................................................................45 Population ....................................................................................................................46 Instrumentation ..................................................................................................................47 Sampling ............................................................................................................................49 Data Analysis Plan .......................................................................................................51 Summary ............................................................................................................................56 Chapter 4: Results ..............................................................................................................57 Setting 57 Demographics ..............................................................................................................58 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................61 Surveys .................................................................................................................. 61 Documents ............................................................................................................ 63 Field Notes ............................................................................................................ 64 Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................64 ii Surveys .........................................................................................................................65 Interviews .....................................................................................................................65 Documents ...................................................................................................................66 Evidence of Trustworthiness........................................................................................68 Credibility ....................................................................................................................68 Transferability ..............................................................................................................69 Dependability ...............................................................................................................69 Confirmability ..............................................................................................................70 Results 70 Embracing the Change .......................................................................................... 71 Communication and Motivation ........................................................................... 73 Attitude and Morale .............................................................................................. 79 Effectiveness ......................................................................................................... 81 Summary ............................................................................................................................84 Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusions, and Recommendation .............................................86 Introduction ........................................................................................................................86 Interpretation of the Findings.............................................................................................87 Limitations of the Study.....................................................................................................92 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................92 Implications........................................................................................................................93 Positive Social Change ................................................................................................95 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................95 iii
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