The effects of low dose radiation : new aspects of radiobiological research prompted by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster

443 Pages·2004·24.686 MB·English

by  Naĭdich, Valerii︠a︡ Iosifovna, Burlakova, Elena Borisovna

The Effects of Low Dose Radiation
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
The Effects of
Low Dose Radiation
New aspects of radiobiological research
prompted by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster
Elena B. Burlakova and Valeria I. Naidich
1/IVSPI/1
Utrecht • Boston, 2004
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The effect of low dose radiation
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction v
The effect of low dose, low-level radiation on incidence rate and
development of spontaneous leucosis in AKR mice 1
E.B. Burlakova and V.N. Erokhin
Quality of medical information in the Russian National Medical
and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) for the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula
and Oryol Oblasts 9
A.P. Biryukov, V.K. Ivanov et al.
Cytogenetic effects in human beings exposed to irradiation on the
Earth and in space 30
V.A. Shevchenko, G.P Snigiryova, and B.S. Fedorenko
The effect of epithelial thymus cells on post-irradiation apoptosis
display of thymocytes in vitro 50
Sharova N.l., Maximov D., and Yarilin A.A.
Radiation-induced genome instability: phenomenon, molecular
mechanisms, pathogenic significance 64
V .K. Mazurik and V .F. Mikhailov
Induced Mini- and Microsatellite Instability in the Genome of
Animal Germline Cells 10 0
V.G. Bezlepkin and A.I. Gaziev
The Redox Homeostasis System in Radiation-Induced Genome
Instability 129
E.B. Burlakova, V.F. Mikhailov, and V.K. Mazurik
Detection of genome instability in descendants of male mice
exposed to chronic low-level y-irradiation using the test "adaptive
response" 149
S.l. Zaichkina, O.M. Rozanova et al.
Introduction
Signal function of reactive oxygen species in regulatory networks of
the cell response to damaging exposures: participation in
radiosensitivity realization and genome instability 155
V.F. Mikhailov, V.K. Mazurik, and E.B. Burlakova
Structural and functional changes induced by exposure to X-ray
adaptive doses in human lymphocytes, both normal and defective,
by DNA double strand break reparation 184
D.M. Spitkovsky, N.N. Veiko et al.
Response of a cell population to low-dose irradiation 201
LL Pelevina, A.V. Aleshchenko et al.
The results of cytogenetic observation of children and teenagers
inhabited in zones radiation-polluted after Chernobyl accident 213
A.V. Sevan'kaev, G.F. Mikhailov et al.
Cytogenetic effects of low dose radiation in mammalian cells: the
analysis of the phenomenon of hypersensitivity and induced
radioresistance 233
N.L. Shmakova, T.A. Fadeeva et al.
A possible mechanism for the adaptive response induced in
mammalian cells by low doses of radiation 244
LA. Bodnarchuk
The peculiar long term cellular alterations under low doses of
ionizing radiation 259
LB. Bychkovskaya, R.P. Stepanov, and R.F. Fedortseva
Analysis of epidemiological data on radiocarcinogenic effects and
approaches to determining the low-dose upper limit in terms of
existence of biologically harmful effect threshold of ionizing
radiation 290
L.M. Rozhdestvensky
Emotional stress and the problems of radiation medicine 312
B.B. Moroz and Yu.B. Deshevoy
The effect ofl ow dose radiation
Time- and dose-dependent post-irradiation changes of Fe3+
transferrin and Cu2+- ceruloplasmin pools in blood, influence on
ribonucleotide reductase activity in animal tissues and the effects of 326
radio protectors
V.L. Sharygin, M.K. Pulatova, T.G. Shlyakova, and LN. Todorov
The main principles of radiation biology 362
Yu.B. Kudryashov
Modern problems of antiradiation chemical defense of organisms 396
Yu. B. Kudryashov and E. N. Goncharenko
Regularities of somatic mutagenesis in long dates after low dose
ionizing radiation effect on human organism 420
Saenko A.S., Zamulaeva I.A. et al.
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Introduction
Dear readers!
This Collection is timed to the 20th year ofChemobyl Accident. This sad
day - the happening and the catastrophe, requires detailed understanding of the
reasons and consequences of it, and the results of investigations must be
summed up to know possible consequences, as such accidents may happen in
future.
Strange it may seem, but the views of independent scientists from
different countries on this problem and conclusions made on the basis of their
experimental and clinical investigations are very similar. Let us present the
modem results by the leading Russian scientists in this field and some reviews
generalizing different opinions, experimental data and empirical suggestions.
The papers in this Collection were written by many scientists mostly
from research institutes of Russian Academies of Sciences and Medical
Sciences. Their studies focus on the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on
living organisms and involve both experimental works and surveys of cohorts of
people living on radionuclide-contaminated territories and liquidators of
Chemobyl Accident consequences.
For many years (especially after the Chemobyl Accident), the problem
of chronic low-dose irradiation effect is of the prior interest of radio biologists
and radioecologists. There is the common opinion on danger and mechanisms of
acute irradiation. Unfortunately, the situation is opposite with interpretation,
understating and making conclusions from the investigations concerning low
intensive, low dose irradiation.
Investigations of low-dose irradiation enter a new, unknown, and
unexplored world of biosphere interactions with the permanent weak man
induced and natural factors, which power and concentration range may be
compared with responses of the environment that support the homeostasis in
organisms and the entire biosphere. These problems are extremely complicated.
Actually, there is not an unanimous point of view regarding favorable or
harmful effects of low doses, because the results and conclusions differ
depending on the dose value, dose rate, index chosen, level of investigation of
the response (e.g. population or an individual organism), and the initial state of
the object under study.
What are the specific features outlined by many investigators of the low
dose irradiation? They are: