The Effects of Integral Hatha Yoga on Self-Actualization, Anxiety and Body-Cathexis in Drug Users

139 Pages·2016·4.71 MB·English

by  Timothy J. Thorpe

UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeennnneesssseeee,, KKnnooxxvviillllee
TTRRAACCEE:: TTeennnneesssseeee RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd CCrreeaattiivvee
EExxcchhaannggee
Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School
6-1976
TThhee EEffffeeccttss ooff IInntteeggrraall HHaatthhaa YYooggaa oonn SSeellff--AAccttuuaalliizzaattiioonn,, AAnnxxiieettyy
aanndd BBooddyy--CCaatthheexxiiss iinn DDrruugg UUsseerrss
Timothy J. Thorpe
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss
Part of the Educational Psychology Commons
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Thorpe, Timothy J., "The Effects of Integral Hatha Yoga on Self-Actualization, Anxiety and Body-Cathexis
in Drug Users. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1976.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3631
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee
Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized
administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact
[email protected].
To the Graduate Council:
I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Timothy J. Thorpe entitled "The Effects of
Integral Hatha Yoga on Self-Actualization, Anxiety and Body-Cathexis in Drug Users." I have
examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend
that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Education, with a major in Educational Psychology.
Lawrence DeRidder, Major Professor
We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance:
Kathy Davis, Mark Hector, Ken Newton, Stan Lusby
Accepted for the Council:
Carolyn R. Hodges
Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School
(Original signatures are on file with official student records.)
To the Graduate Council:
d�
I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Timothy J. Thorpe
entitled "The Effects of Integral Hatha Yoga on Self-Actualization,
Anxiety and Body-Cathexis in Drug Users." I recommend that it be accepted
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Education, with a major in Educational Psychology an
�
La er, Major Professor
We have read this dissertation
;J;/{f_;_J}if �
J
JU�h ./��
Accepted for the Council:
Vi
ce Chancellor
Graduate Studies and Research
THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRAL HATHA YOGA ON
SELF-ACTUALIZATION, ANXIETY AND
BODY-CATHEXIS IN DRUG USERS
A Dissertation
Presented for the
Doctor of Education
Degree
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Timothy J. Thorpe
June 1976
1301101
DEDICATION
One day in July of 1974, while living, studying and teaching with
friends at the Integral Yoga Institute in Garfield, New Jersey, we were
visited by our founder, director and guide in yoga. A humble and simple
man, he generated an aura of inner peace and beauty which touched me
deeply. During that visit he responded with encouragement to both my
interest and doubt about developing a yoga research project in graduate
school. The fruit of his blessing has been a master's thesis and this
doctoral dissertation. I wish to dedicate this work to that man, Swami
Satchidananda.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank the members of my doctoral committee, Larry
DeRidder, Kathy Davis, Mark Hector, Ken Newton and Stan Lusby, for
allowing me the academic freedom to pursue yoga as the topic of this
dissertation. Especial gratitude is extended to Mark for the clarity of
thought he brought to the central ideas and methods of the study, as well
as for his significant expenditure of time. The Department of
Educational Psychology and Guidance of The University of Tennessee at
Knoxville, which supported me emotionally and financially in this study,
must be acknowledged as a bastion of integrity and humanism in an
academic world all too often characterized by a rigid and self-serving
intellectualism.
The teachers and members of the Integral Yoga Institutes, who
provided me with my initial training in Yoga, Margabandu Matarano, Swami
Abhyananda and Swami Shaadananda most notably·, are extended my warmest
appreciation and hope for their spiritual enlightenment. Martha Madison
of the Knoxville YWCA and David Bean of Non-credit Programs and Workshops,
have, over the past year and a half, provided settings to continue and
hopefully refine my skill as a yoga instructor.
My family also deserves acknowledgment for their support of my
study. Dora, my mother, Les, my brother, and Annie, my grandmother, have
all provided assistance via their concern for my well-being . Joanie
Harrigan has been a loving friend and fellow yogi and this has been
delightful .
iii
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to discern the possible effects of Integral
Hatha Yoga administered five times a week for four weeks to drug users
at "Freedom House," a drug rehabilitation community at Eastern Psychi­
atric Hospital in Knoxville, Tennessee. The experimental data were to
provide sufficient information to reveal differences in self-actualiza­
tion, anxiety, body-cathexis and behavioral progress through the overall
rehabilitation program, between a treatment and a control group.
In August of 1975, 11 patients at the drug unit received a lecture
and demonstration of Integral Hatha Yoga. Eight of the patients agreed
to take part in the study and took the Personal Orientation Inventory,
IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire and Body-Cathexis Scale. After four
weeks of Integral Hatha Yoga they were posttested on the same measures
and given a structured interview. Three participants dropped out of the
study during the first week of treatment. Staff and patient evaluations
of behavioral progress through the overall drug program for the partici­
pants were recorded during the four weeks of experimental treatment.
In December of 1975, after total patient turnover at the unit, the
lecture and demonstration of Integral Hatha Yoga was again presented.
Ten of the 15 patients on the unit agreed to participate and were
assigned to the control group. They were given the same pretest measures
as thetreatment group and after a control period of four weeks during
which time they received only the standard "reality" based treatment of
the community, were posttested on the same measures. Staff and patient
iv
v
evaluations of their overall behavioral progress through the program were
record�d during the four weeks between the pre and posttests.
Using an analysis of covariance procedure, there were no significant
differences between the groups for self-actualization, and significant
differences for anxiety and body-cathexis. The behavioral progress
through the overall drug program was greater for the experimental group.
Probable reasons for the significant and nonsignificant results were
discussed and a number of directions for future research were considered.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER. PAGE
I. PROBLEM, RATIONALE AND RELATED LITERATURE 1
Need 1
Purpose 2
Theory 2
Review of the Literature 9
Hypotheses 19
Overview 21
II . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 22
Participants 22
Treatment 23
Procedure 23
Measures 24
Design and Statistical Analyses 27
III. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS . . . . . 29
Results of Major Hypotheses 29
IV. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 35
Summary . 35
Discussion 37
Conclusion 55
REFERENCES 58
APPENDICES 65
APPENDIX A 66
vi
vii
CHAPTER PAGE
APPENDIX B 81
APPENDIX C 83
APPENDIX D 100
APPENDIX E 106
. . . .
APPENDIX F 108
APPENDIX G 110
APPENDIX H 112
APPENDIX I 114
VITA . 128