The effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in preschool children. PDF
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UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss AAmmhheerrsstt SScchhoollaarrWWoorrkkss@@UUMMaassss AAmmhheerrsstt Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1979 TThhee eeffffeeccttss ooff eexxttrriinnssiicc rreewwaarrddss oonn iinnttrriinnssiicc mmoottiivvaattiioonn iinn pprreesscchhooooll cchhiillddrreenn.. Delia Robinson Richards University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Richards, Delia Robinson, "The effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in preschool children." (1979). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 3533. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/3533 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECTS OF EXTRINSIC REWARDS ON INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN A Dissertation Presented By DELIA ROBINSON RICHARDS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 1979 School of Education Delia Robinson Richards 1979 All Rights Reserved THE EFFECTS OF EXTRINSIC REWARDS ON INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN A Dissertation Presented By DELIA ROBINSON RICHARDS Approved as to style and content by; ^ ' '' ' U/ ^ r. ? \ I Alfred Karlson, Chairperson of Committee Ernest Washington M/eKJmber U^yjytut Vonnie McLoyd ^ember ^UlA Mario Fant^ni, Dean School of Education iii This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Marian V. Robinson iv . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee for their guid- ance and encouragement. Alfred Karlson was supportive and cooperative while I was doing this research. I will al- ways be indebted to Ernest Washington. He has been a major asset in the completion of this educational endeavor. He worked with me very diligently and without his exper- tise this research would not have been completed. Vonnie McLoyd has been extremely helpful and has contributed much of her time assisting me with this research. I will al- ways be extremely grateful to her. Again, I would like to thank my whole committee, to whom will always be greatful and indebted. I I would like to convey my appreciation to Maurice Wilson who helped me with some of the computations of the data. He has been very supportive and has contributed much of his time and effort to this research. would like to thank Glenda Nelson, one of the I observers, who was dependable, cooperative, and extremely conscientious This work would not have gone forward without the V cooperation and support of my family. My husband, Compton Richards, was very patient and spent many hours proof- reading my work. My son, Ramon Richards, was patient and understanding about my work and many times would do his own work with me. Marian Robinson, my mother, was always supportive and encouraging. She is responsible for my completing this task, and to her I will always be grateful. Fletcher Robinson, my brother, has been supportive through- out my educational pursuits, and I am appreciative of all the encouragement that he has given me. Amy Okaro typed this dissertation and I would like to convey my sincere thanks to her. Mona and Franklin Thorton, my dearest friends, have been indispensable to me. I stayed with them during my times in Amherst and they were always understanding, kind, and supportive. Numerous other friends and colleagues have helped and encouraged me throughout this process, and to them I extend my sincere thanks for their faith in me. VI ABSTRACT The Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation in Preschool Children May, 1979 Delia Robinson Richards, B.A. Howard University , M.A., Howard University, Ed. D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Alfred Karlson Professor Ernest Washington This study examined the effects of various extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in black and white pre- school children. Specifically, this study examines the effects of intrinsic motivation: when verbal reinforce- ment is used; when symbolic and monetary rewards are dis- tributed; and when there is little interaction between the experimenter and the subjects. The subjects included forty black and forty white preschool (ages three and four) children from several day care centers in the Washington D. C. metropolitan area. Each child was exposed to only one reward or control group. Thus, a 2 (race) x 4 (reward) design was used with three repeated treatments with eighty subjects equally divided by race and reward. There were three sessions. During Sessions I and vii Ill, the experimenter told the subjects to make a drawing of their choice. If they decided to leave the drawing activity, there were three alternative toys (a game, a drum, and a tinker toy) with which they could play. There were two observers who marked down whether or not each child was drawing. Also the observers wrote down the first toy the child played with. Both sessions were identical and lasted twenty minutes each. In Session II, each child was exposed to the treatment individually. In the verbal reinforcement group, after each two-minute period, the experimenter made positive statements about the children's drawings. At the end of eight minutes, the children were returned to their classrooms. The data were analyzed by race and reward. First, a 2 (race) x 4 (condition) analysis of variance with re- peated measures for time spent drawing and the number of pictures drawn by each subject for all three sessions was computed. Secondly, a 2 (race) x 4 (conditions) x 3 (sessions) analysis of variance for all data was done. Thirdly,- a chi square analysis was done for what the child enjoyed most and the first toy played with. It was hypothesized that intrinsic motivation would viii
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