The effects of different resistances on peak power during the Wingate anaerobic test

82 Pages·2012·2.63 MB·English

by  Hermina, Waldemar

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF

Waldemar Hermina for the degree of Master of Science in Human Performance.
Presented on June 8, 1999. Title: The Effects of Different Resistances on Peak
Power during the Wingate Anaerobic Test.
Redacted for Privacy
Abstract approved:
~
Anthony Wilcox
This study evaluated the effects of four resistances on power output
during a 15-s WAnT to determine which resistance was the most appropriate to
elicit true peak power output. The resistances used were 7.5%, 10.5%, 12.5%
and 14.5% of the subject's body weight.
Fifteen (N =15) elite male road cyclists were tested at each of the four
resistances. Following ANOVA, a post hoc Scheffe revealed statistically
significant (P = 0.0001) increases in peak power output (PPO) with increasing
resistance for absolute power (W), power relative to body weight (Watts· kg -\
and relative to lean body mass (Watts· LBM -\ Mean values for absolute power
were as follows: 951 W, 1244 W, 1354 Wand 1450 W for 7.5%, 10.5%, 12.5%
and 14.5% respectively. Mean values for power relative to body weight (Watts'
kg _1) were as follows: 12.5, 16.4, 17. 9 and 19.2 for 7.5%, 10.5%, 12.5% and
14.5% respectively. Mean values for power relative to lean body mass (Watts·
LBM _1) were as follows: 13.9, 18.2, 19.9, and 21.3 for 7.5%, 10.5%, 12.5% and
14.5% respectively. Results showed statistically significant increases in peak
power output (PPO) with increasing resistance.
The findings of this study revealed that for peak power output, each
resistance tested was significantly different from the other resistances. Our
findings support using a resistance of 10.5% of body weight when the intent is to
elicit PPO in the WAnT.
At this point it is difficult to determine at which resistance peak power will
decline since the combination of high spinning (RPM) during the 5-s countdown
and the application of high resistance results in greater peak power output. We
understand that this issue should be investigated in greater detail since it reveals
a possible limitation of the WAnT. In addition, the role of the flywheel kinetic
energy, and how to address it, represents one of the major issues concerning the
WAnT.
©Copyright by Waldemar Hermina

June 8, 1999

All Rights Reserved
The Effects of Different Resistances on Peak Power during the Wingate
Anaerobic Test.
By
Waldemar Hermina
A Thesis

submitted to

Oregon State University

in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the

degree of

Master of Science

Presented June 8, 1999

Commencement: June 2000
Master of Science thesis of Waldemar Hermina presented on June 8, 1999.
APPROVED:
Redacted for Privacy
resenting Human Peliormance
Redacted for Privacy
of Exercise and Sport Science
Redacted for Privacy
Dean &Graduate School
I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of
Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes the release of
my thesis to any reader upon request.
Redacted for Privacy
Waldemar Hermina, Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1

Study Rationale ...........................................................................3

Research Hypotheses ...................................................................4

Statistical Hypotheses ...................................................................5

Study Limitations and Delimitations ..................................................5

Definitions of Terms.......................................... '...........................6

LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................8

METHODS..........................................................................................25

Subjects....................................................................................25

Procedures and Apparatus ............................................................26

Power Test Protocol .....................................................................27

Experimental Design and Data Analysis ...........................................27

RESULTS...........................................................................................29

Subjects Characteristic ...............................................................29

Peak Power Output Results ...........................................................29

DiSCUSSiON......................................................................................37

CONCLUSiON.....................................................................................42

FUTURE DIRECTIONS ........................................'............................... 43
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page

BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................... '" ...... '" ............... 45

APPENDiCES.....................................................................................49

Appendix A .................................... '" ..................................................50

IRB Proposal ............... '" ...... '" ...................................................51

Appendix B ........................................................................................54

Informed Consent. .......................................................................55

Appendix C .... , ...................................................................................58

WAnT Instructions .......................................................................59

Appendix D ..........................................................................................60

Subject Descriptive Data ...............................................................61

Appendix E ............................,............................................................63

Statistical Analysis Tables and Miscellaneous Tables .............. '" .........64

Appendix F ..........................................................................................69

Miscellaneous Figures ......... '" .....................................................70
LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page
1. Mean, Standard Deviations, Maximum and Minimum

Values for Peak Power Output.. .......... , ......... , .................... , ............ 30

2. ANOVA Tables for Absolute Peak Power ................. , ...................... 31

2.a ANOVA Table for Peak Power Relative to Body Weight. ..................... 31

2b. ANOVA Table for Peak Power Relative to Lean Body Mass .................32

3. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Absolute Peak Power .................... 33

3a. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Peak Power Relative to Body

Weight. .....................................................................................................33

3b. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Peak Power Relative to Lean

Body Mass ....... , ......... , ................... , .............................. , ........... 33

4. Absolute Peak Power Outputs In 5 Different Time Intervals ..... , ... '" .....34

5. Scheffe pairwise comparisons for absolute peak power output during

th
the 2nd to 6 Second of the Test. ...................................................35

5a. Scheffe pairwise comparisons for absolute peak power output during

the 3rd to 7th Second of the Test. ...................................................35

5b. Scheffe pairwise comparisons for absolute peak power output during

the 4th to 8th Second of the Test.. .................................................. 36

5c. Scheffe pairwise comparisons for absolute peak power output during

the 5th to 9th Second of the Test.. .................................................. 36

6. Corrected Peak Power Output Means ................................. , ......... .40
LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES

Figure Page
1. Needle chart for the subjects' individual values for absolute

peak power. ....................... '" ..............................................70

1a. Needle chart for the subjects' individual values for power relative to

body weight. ......................................................., ............... 70

1b. Needle chart for the subjects' individual values for power relative to

lean body mass ...................................................................71

2. Computer printout of the WAnT ..............................................72
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Tables Page
7. ANOVA Tables for Corrected Absolute Peak Power. .........................64

7a. ANOVA Table for Corrected Peak Power Relative to Body Weight. ......64

7b. ANOVA Table for Corrected Peak Power Relative to Lean Body

Mass.......................................................................................65

8. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Corrected Absolute Peak Power. ..... 65

8a. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Corrected Peak Power Relative

to Body Weight. ........... '" .......................................... '" ..............65

8b. Scheffe Pairwise Comparisons for Corrected Peak Power Relative

to Lean Body Mass .....................................................................66

9. ANOVA Table for Absolute Peak Power Output during the 2nd to 6th

Second of the Test ...... '" ............... '" ..........................................66

9a. ANOVA Table for Absolute Peak Power Output during the 3rd to
th

Second of the Test. ....................................................................67

9b. ANOVA Table for Absolute Peak Power Output during the 4thto 8th

Second of the Test. ....................................................................67

9c. ANOVA Table for Absolute Peak Power Output during the 5thto 9th

Second of the Test ....................................................................68