The Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Indirect Indicators of Muscle ...

135 Pages·2016·0.8 MB·English

Sacred Heart University
DigitalCommons@SHU
All PTHMS Faculty Publications Physical Therapy & Human Movement Science
Summer 6-2006
The Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid
Supplementation on Indirect Indicators of Muscle
Damage and Performance
Beau K. Greer
Sacred Heart University, [email protected]
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Recommended Citation
Greer, Beau K., "The Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Indirect Indicators of Muscle Damage and
Performance" (2006).All PTHMS Faculty Publications. 59.
http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/pthms_fac/59
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES

THE EFFECTS OF BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON
INDIRECT INDICATORS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE AND PERFORMANCE

By
BEAU KJERULF GREER

A Dissertation submitted to the
Department of Food, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Awarded:
Summer Semester, 2006
The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Beau Kjerulf Greer defended
on 06/09/2006.

_______________________
Emily Haymes
Professor Directing Dissertation

_______________________
Penny Gilmer
Outside Committee Member

_______________________
Robert Moffatt
Committee Member

Approved:

________________________________________
Bahram H. Arjmandi, Chair, Department of Food,
Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences

________________________________________
Penny Ralston, Dean, College of Human Sciences

The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee
members.

ii
This work is dedicated to the life and memory of Wind Lee Henderson. For over 2 years,
Wind unintentionally showed me what type of father and what type of person I aspire to
be.

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Emily Haymes for her guidance throughout
this dissertation project. Her encyclopedic knowledge of exercise science research has
been an inspiring attribute since I arrived at FSU.

I would also like to thank Dr. Robert Moffatt and Dr. Penny Gilmer. I have learned much
from both of their teachings and appreciate their contributions to this project.

Ben Bograd deserves special acknowledgement for his invaluable teachings of laboratory
techniques.

John Woodard, Jim White, Eric Arguello, Brian Ticknor, and Hollie Auerbach all have
my thanks for their assistance in literature reviews, data collection, and data analysis.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables vi
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Abstract x

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6
3. METHODS 30
4. RESULTS 38
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 56
APPENDICES
A Institutional Review Board Approval Form 66
B Informed Consent Form 67
C Health History Form 70
D Results Tables 71
E ANOVA Summary Tables 73
F Paired Sample T-test Tables 83
G Tukey Post-Hoc Analyses 84
H Raw Data 95

REFERENCES 113
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 123

v
LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Results from studies using blood markers or DOMS as an
indirect measure of skeletal muscle damage 14

Table 2-2: Results from studies using MVC torque as an indirect measure
of skeletal muscle damage 20

Table 2-3 Results from Blomstrand, et al. (1991) 23
Table 2-4 Results from Blomstrand et al. (1992) 25
Table 2-5 Results from Blomstrand and Saltin (2001) 26
Table 4-1 Mean Subject Characteristics 38
Table 4-2 Treatment Order 38
Table 4-3 Mean Dietary Intake 39
Table 4-4 Mean Hemoglobin (g/dL), Hematocrit (%), and Plasma Volume
Shifts 40

Table 4-5 Mean VO2 (L/min) 48
Table 4-6 Mean Ventilation (L/min) 49
Table 4-7 Mean Heart Rate (beats/min) 49
Table 4-8 Mean RER Values 50
Table 4-9 Mean Energy Expenditure (kcals) 50
Table 4-10 Mean Energy Expenditure from Carbohydrate Oxidation (kcals) 51
Table 4-11 Mean Energy Expenditure from Fat Oxidation (kcals) 51
Table 4-12 Mean Plasma Glucose Concentration (mg/dL) 52
Table 4-13 Mean Plasma Leucine Concentration ( mol/L) 52
Table 4-14 Mean Plasma Isoleucine Concentration ( mol/L) 53
Table 4-15 Mean Plasma Valine Concentration ( mol/L) 53
vi
Table 4-16 Mean Order Effects 54

vii
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4-1 Mean Creatine Kinase Levels 42
Figure 4-2 Mean Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels 43
Figure 4-3 Mean Maximal Leg Extension Torque 44
Figure 4-4 Mean Maximal Leg Flexion Torque 45

Figure 4-5 Mean Rate of Perceived Soreness 46
Figure 4-6 Mean Time Trial Performance 47
Figure 4-7 Mean Rating of Perceived Exertion 48

viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AA Amino acids
ANOVA Analysis of variance
BCAA Branched-chain amino acids
BCKAD Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase
BP Blood pressure
CHO Carbohydrate
CK Creatine kinase
DOMS Delayed-onset muscle soreness
HR Heart rate
KIC Alpha-ketoisocaproate
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MVC Maximal voluntary contraction
RER Respiratory exchange ratio
RPE Rate of perceived exertion

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