The Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Delinquency PDF
Preview The Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Delinquency
WWeesstteerrnn MMiicchhiiggaann UUnniivveerrssiittyy SScchhoollaarrWWoorrkkss aatt WWMMUU Dissertations Graduate College 8-2006 TThhee EEffffeecctt ooff PPaarreennttiinngg SSttyylleess iinn AAddoolleesscceenntt DDeelliinnqquueennccyy:: EExxpplloorriinngg tthhee IInntteerraaccttiioonnss BBeettwweeeenn RRaaccee,, CCllaassss,, aanndd GGeennddeerr Yaschica Williams Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Williams, Yaschica, "The Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Delinquency: Exploring the Interactions Between Race, Class, and Gender" (2006). Dissertations. 1003. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1003 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES IN ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY: EXPLORING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER by Yaschica Williams A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology Advisor: Rachel Bridges Whaley, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES ON ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY: EXPLORING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER Yaschica Williams, PhD. Western Michigan University, 2006 The purpose of this study is to examine how parenting style interacts with other variables related to characteristics of the child (i.e., race/ethnicity, class and gender) in producing delinquency. This research integrates the traditions of criminology and psychology by incorporating the research of two researchers renowned in their respective fields of study, Travis Hirschi from criminology and Diana Baumrind from psychology. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 (NLSY97) is used in this study to test hypotheses derived from Hirschi’s (1969) social bond theory and Baumrind’s (1966) parenting typology. These hypotheses examine the effects of family process variables and parenting styles on adolescent delinquency moderated by the effect of the child’s race/ethnicity and gender, and class of the family. Based on OLS Regression results of the study revealed there was a negative relationship between most, but not all of the family process variables and delinquency. As hypothesized, as parent-youth relationship, communication, monitoring and limit setting increased, delinquency decreased. In other analyses authoritative parenting compared to authoritarian and neglectful parenting resulted in less delinquency. When Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. separate equations were estimated this pattern of findings held for Whites and Blacks but not Latinos. White and Black adolescents with a neglectful or authoritarian mom were more likely to be delinquent than White and Black adolescents with an authoritative mom. Dad parenting was only significant for Whites indicating that adolescents with authoritarian dads were more likely to be delinquent than Whites with authoritative dads. There was no effect of parenting on Latino respondents. Similar results were revealed when separate equations were estimated for males and females. That is, males and females with a neglectful or authoritarian mom were more likely to be delinquent than males and females with an authoritative mom. Dad parenting was only significant for males indicating those with authoritarian dads were more likely to be delinquent than males with authoritative dads. T-statistics indicated there were no significant differences between males and females. Class of the family did not have an effect and there was no interaction between the parenting styles and class. However, this could be attributed to its poor measurement. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3234890 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3234890 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Yaschica Williams 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my chairperson, Dr. Rachel Whaley and my committee members, Dr. Angela Moe, Dr. Douglas Davidson and Dr. Santiago-Valles for their guidance and support. My special thanks is extended to Kristen Devall for her guidance and encouragement as I immersed myself in statistical analysis. I must also extend my gratitude to friends and acquaintances that were there for support throughout this process. I would also like to thank my mother and father, John and Katherine Williams and my sister, Destiny Williams for the support and encouragement they have provided me throughout graduate school. Yaschica Williams ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 1 n. ETHNIC SOCIALIZATION AND KEY CONCEPTS............................ 7 African American, Latino and Asian American Socialization 7 Key Concepts: Race, Ethnicity, Class, Gender and Delinquency 16 ffl. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................ 26 A Micro Level Analysis..................................................................... 26 Social Control Theory (SCT)............................................................. 28 Dimensions of Parenting.................................................................... 37 Diana Baumrind’s Parenting Typology.............................................. 45 Maccoby and Martin’s (1983) Two-Dimensional Framework for Permissive Parenting.......................................................................... 47 Social Bond Theory, Parenting and Issues of Ethnicity, Class and Gender................................................................................................ 48 IV. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................... 50 Parenting Styles.................................................................................. 51 Literature Specific to Baumrind’s (1966) Typology.......................... 63 Limitations of Baumrind’s Typology: Ethnicity, Class and Gender... 66 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents—continued CHAPTER Hypotheses......................................................................................... 79 Conclusion......................................................................................... 81 V. METHODS................................................................................................ 82 Participants......................................................................................... 82 Instrument........................................................................................... 83 Measures............................................................................................. 83 Hypotheses and Analyses................................................................... 100 VI. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS................................................................... 105 Descriptive Statistics.......................................................................... 108 Statistical Analysis............................................................................. 110 Models 1,2 and 3: Family Process Variables.................................... Ill A Change in Models........................................................................... 114 Model 4: Parenting Typology............................................................. 115 Model 5: Ethnicity, Parenting and Delinquency................................. 118 Model 6: Class, Parenting and Delinquency...................................... 122 Model 7: Gender, Parenting and Delinquency................................... 122 Summary of Findings......................................................................... 127 VII. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS...................................................... 129 Introduction........................................................................................ 129 Assessment of Results........................................................................ 129 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
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