The Effect of Affect in Organizational Settings, Volume 1 (Research on Emotion in Organizations)

322 Pages·2005·1.99 MB·English

by  Neal Ashkanasy (Editor)

CONTENTS
ABOUT THE EDITORS vii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix
OVERVIEW: THE EFFECT OF AFFECT IN
ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS
Neal M. Ashkanasy, Wilfred J. Zerbe and xiii
Charmine E. J. Ha¨rtel
REFLECTIONS ON AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY
Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal 1
WHAT LIES BENEATH? A PROCESS ANALYSIS OF
AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY
Claire E. Ashton-James and Neal M. Ashkanasy 23
AN AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY-BASED
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF EMOTIONAL
AMBIVALENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF PERSONAL
WEB-USAGE MONITORING
Micheal T. Stratton 47
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECTIVE
COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS: THE MODERATING
ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Abraham Carmeli and Sidika Nihal Colakoglu 77
A DAILY DIARY STUDY OF GOAL STRIVING: THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOAL DISTANCE, GOAL
VELOCITY, AFFECT, EXPECTANCIES, AND EFFORT
David J. Holman, Peter Totterdell and Steven G. 95
Rogelberg
v
vi CONTENTS
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, SOCIAL SUPPORT
AND LONELINESS IN THE WORKPLACE
Sarah L. Wright 123
THE ROLE OF AFFECT, FAIRNESS, AND SOCIAL
PERCEPTION IN TEAM MEMBER EXCHANGE
Herman H.M. Tse, Marie T. Dasborough and 143
Neal M. Ashkanasy
TAKING CHANGE TO HEART: EXPLORING
EMOTIONS EXPERIENCED THROUGH CHANGE
EVENTS
Jonathan A. Matheny and Roy K. Smollan 173
‘‘I AM NOT WHAT I AM’’ – DESTRUCTIVE
EMOTIONS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY:
THE CASE OF OTHELLO AND IAGO
Chris Poulson, Joseph Duncan and Michelle Massie 211
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECT AND
CREATIVITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE ROLES OF
AFFECT CHARACTERISTICS, NEURO-COGNITIVE
MECHANISMS AND TASK TYPE
Jacob Eisenberg and Keith James 241
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF STAKEHOLDER
EMOTIONS: AFFECT AND CRISES
W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay 263
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH INTO THE
EXPERIENCE OF EMOTIONAT WORK: DEFINITELY
OLDER, BUT ARE WE ANY WISER?
Rob B. Briner and Tina Kiefer 281
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 309
ABOUT THE EDITORS
NealM.AshkanasyisProfessorofManagementintheUQBusinessSchool,
and the Faculty Director of Research. He has a Ph.D. (1989) in Social and
Organizational Psychology. His research focuses on the role of emotions in
organizations. He has published in journals such as the Academy of
Management Review, the Journal of Management, and the Journal of
OrganizationalBehavior,andhaseditedfourbooks.HeisapastChairofthe
Managerial and Organizational Cognition Division of the Academy of
ManagementandiscurrentlyAssociateEditorforAcademyofManagement
Learning and Education and the Journal of Organizational Behavior.
Charmine Ha¨rtel is Chair of Strategic Business in the Deakin Business
School, Director of the Centre for Business Research, and Associate Dean
(Research) in the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University,
Australia. She received her BA in Psychology with distinction from the
University of Colorado and completed her Master’s degree and Ph.D. in
Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Colorado State University.
Her current research focuses on emotions and patterns of relating at work,
emotional management skills, emotional climate and culture, diversity,
leadership, and team effectiveness. She is the co-editor of three books and
over 50 refereed articles in journals such as the Academy of Management
Review, the Journal of Applied Psychology, and Leadership Quarterly.
Wilfred J. Zerbe is Professor of Human Resources and Organizational
DynamicsintheHaskayneSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofCalgary,
and Visiting Professor, Theseus International Management Institute, Nice,
France. His research interests focus on emotions in organizations,
organizational research methods, service sector management, and leader-
ship. His publications have appeared in books and journals including The
Academy of Management Review, Industrial and Labour Relations Review,
Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Journal of Business Research,
Journal of Psychology, Journal of Services Marketing, and Journal of
Research inHigherEducation.Heisalsoanactiveconsultantandexecutive
educator.
vii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Neal. M. Ashkanasy Faculty of Business Economics and Law,
University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Australia
Claire E. University of New South Wales, Sydney,
Ashton-James Australia
Daniel J. Beal Department of Psychology, Rice
University, Houston, TX, USA
Rob B. Briner Department of Organizational Psychology,
Birkbeck College, University of London,
Malet Street, London, UK
Abraham Carmeli Graduate School of Business
Administration and Department of
Political Science, Bar-Ilan University,
Ramat-Gan, Israel
SidikaNihal Colakoglu Department of Management, LeBow
College of Business, Drexel University,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
W. Timothy Coombs Department of Communication Studies,
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL,
USA
Marie T. Dasborough University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia
Joseph Duncan California State Polytechnic University
Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
Jacob Eisenberg Department of Management, Smurfit
Graduate School of Business, University
College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
ix
x LIST OFCONTRIBUTORS
Sherry J. Holladay Department of Communication Studies,
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL,
USA
David J. Holman Institute of Work Psychology, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Keith James Department of Psychology, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Tina Kiefer Department of Organizational Psychology,
Birkbeck College, University of London,
Malet Street, London, UK
Michelle Massie Laguna Beach Unified School District,
C/- Chris Poulson, Laguna Beach,
CA, USA
Jonathan A. Matheny Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Business,
Auckland University of Technology,
Auckland, New Zealand
Chris Poulson Management and Human Resources,
California State Polytechnic University
Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
Steven G. Rogelberg University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
Department of Psychology, Charlotte,
North Carolina, USA
Roy K. Smollan Management and Employee Relations,
Faculty of Business, Auckland University
of Technology, Auckland, New
Zealand
Micheal T. Stratton Department of Public Administration and
Policy, Nelson A. Rockefeller College of
Public Affairs and Policy, University at
Albany, State University of New York,
NY, USA
Peter Totterdell Institute of Work Psychology, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
List ofContributors xi
Herman H.M. Tse University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Australia
Howard M. Weiss Department of Psychological Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,
USA
Sarah L. Wright Psychology Department, University of
Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
OVERVIEW: THE EFFECT OF
AFFECT IN ORGANIZATIONAL
SETTINGS
Welcome to the first volume in the series, Research on Emotion in Organ-
izations. We are hopeful that serious scholars of emotion in organizational
settings will come to view the volumes in this series as a principal source of
referenceforthelatestideasinthisfield.Infact,thisvolumeisthefourthof
the ‘‘Emonet’’ books, edited by this team. The three earlier books were
Emotions in the Work Place: Theory, Research, and Practice (Ashkanasy,
Ha¨rtel,&Zerbe,2000),ManagingEmotionsintheWorkPlace,(Ashkanasy,
Zerbe, & Ha¨rtel, 2002), and Emotions in Organizational Behavior, (Ha¨rtel,
Zerbe,&Ashkanasy,2005).Liketheearlierbooks,thepresentvolumeisan
initiative of the ‘‘Emonet’’ e-mail discussion group, and comprises several
invited chapters together with a selection of the outstanding papers pre-
sented at the bi-annual International Conferences on Emotion and Organ-
izational Life, which is also an initiative of the Emonet group. Before
introducingthepresentvolumeindetail,therefore,itisappropriatetosaya
little more about Emonet and the conferences.
TheEmonete-maildiscussiongroup,whichnowhasover500subscribers,
andresidesontheAcademyofManagementListserv,wasinitiatedfollowing
asymposium,titled‘‘Emotionintheworkplace:Notjustskindeep,’’chaired
by Neal M. Ashkanasy and presented at the 1996meetings of theAcademy
of Management in Cincinnati. The following year, at the Academy’s meet-
ings in Boston, Ashkanasy and Ha¨rtel organized a ‘‘Caucus’’ round-table
discussion, out of which grew the First International Conference on Emotion
andOrganizational Life, which washeldprior totheAcademy’smeetingsin
SanDiego,inAugust1998.Thefirstconferenceattracted40submissions(of
which 26 were accepted and presented) and attracted 70 delegates. Since
then, the ‘‘Emonet conferences’’ as they have come to be known, havebeen
held in Toronto, Ontario (August 2000), The Gold Coast, Queensland,
Australia (July 2002), and London, England (June 2004). The fifth confer-
ence in the series is scheduled to be held in Atlanta, Georgia in conjunction
xiii
xiv OVERVIEW:THEEFFECTOFAFFECTINORGANIZATIONALSETTINGS
with the 2006 Academy of Management meetings. The Emonet group
hasalsocontinuedtoholdCaucusdiscussionsattheAcademy’smeetingsin
odd-numbered years, including the 2005 meetings in Honolulu, Hawaii.
ReadersinterestedinlearningmoreabouttheconferencesortheEmonetlist
should check the Emonet website http://www.uq.edu.au/emonet/.
THE 2004 EMONET CONFERENCE
Nine of the chapters in this volume were sourced from the Fourth Inter-
national Conference on Emotions and Organizational Life, held at Birkbeck
College, London, in June 2004, and attended by 77 delegates. A record 46
papers were submitted to the conference, of which 27 were selected for
presentation,inadditiontoonesymposium.Theninepaperschosenforthis
book were selected on the basis of their quality, interest, and appropriate-
ness for the theme of this volume, ‘‘The effect of affect in organizational
settings.’’(AfurthersetofpapershasbeenselectedtoappearinVolume2of
this book series.) We acknowledge in particular the assistance of the con-
ference paper reviewers (see Appendix), who returned high-quality reviews
in a very short time.
THE THEME OF THIS VOLUME
Asthefirstvolumeintheseries,wewantedthethemetoreflectcoreissuesin
emotions research. Affective Events Theory (AET: Weiss & Cropanzano,
1996) has been one of the most influential articles in the field, and places
affectandemotionsquarelywithinthenexusoforganizationalenvironment
andbehavioral/attitudinalconsequencesfororganizationalmembers.Thus,
in selecting papers to match the theme we chose, ‘‘the effect of affect in
organizational settings,’’ it is no surprise that many of them are based in
(AET). This was our motivation for asking Howard Weiss, one of the co-
inventers of AET, to contribute the key scene-setting chapter to the book.
We also wanted the chapters to span a spectrum of approaches to studying
emotions in organizational settings, including the more critical approach
represented, for example, in Fineman’s two (1993, 2000) collections of es-
says. Thus, the volume includes a selection of thought-provoking critical
pieces,concludingwithaninvitedcriticalsummaryauthoredbyRobBriner
and Tina Kiefer, who organized a symposium on this topic at the 2004
Overview: TheEffect ofAffect in OrganizationalSettings xv
Emonet conference. In the following, we provide an introductory summary
of the chapters in this volume.
THE CHAPTERS
As we noted above, the opening chapter is an invited contribution. Au-
thored by Howard Weiss and Daniel Beal, this chapter presents an impor-
tant overview of research based on AET, including insights into the basic
philosophy of the model. The authors note that AET is ‘‘not a testable
model,butrather adifferent paradigmforstudyingaffect atwork’’ (p. 19).
Also, the authors go to some lengths to clarify the assumptions underlying
AET, including some of the misconceptions that have appeared in the lit-
erature;andtheydisputetheviewtakenbyAshkanasyandAshton-Jamesin
Chapter 2 that AET represents a ‘‘seminal’’ contribution to the literature.
Weiss and Beal conclude, however, that AET has nonetheless been influ-
ential, although they note that there remain many unanswered questions.
Chapter 2, by Claire Ashton-James and Neal Ashkanasy, represents an
attempttoanswersomeofthequestionsposedbyWeissandBealinChapter1,
in an analysis of the basic psychological processes that underlie AET. Their
analysis is based in a process model of affect and cognition developed by
Ashkanasy, Ashton-James, and Jordan (2004), which is in turn based on the
‘‘four branches’’ of emotional intelligence defined by Mayer and Salovey
(1997). The authors express the hope that their analysis will provide direction
for scholars to pursue a deeper understanding of AET.
Chapter 3, by Michael Stratton, is also based on AET, but this time the
spotlightisturnedtoapplicationsofAETinpractice.Strattonexaminesthe
role of emotions that arise when organizations monitor employee personal
use of the internet in the particular context of personal web usage (PWU).
SuchmonitoringleadstoconflictingemotionsthatStrattoncharacterizesas
‘‘emotional ambivalence,’’or the simultaneous association ofboth negative
and positive emotions with an event. Stratton concludes with discussion of
several intriguing avenues for future research based on this idea.
In the following chapter, Abraham Cameli and Sidika Nihal Colakoglu
focus on one of the specific relationships identified in AET, between affec-
tive commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The
authors argue that research has yet to demonstrate this relationship defin-
itively, and suggest that emotional intelligence may moderate the effect.
Using data from an Israeli healthcare agency, they found that the positive
relationshipbetweenaffectivecommitmentandOCB(altruism)wasstrong-
er for high-emotional intelligence individuals.