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Global Education Systems Wolfgang Hörner Hans Döbert Lutz R. Reuter Botho von Kopp Editors The Education Systems of Europe Second Edition Global Education Systems Thisseriesofhandbookspresentsanalyticaldescriptionsoftheeducationssystems aroundtheworld.Itprovideseasilyaccessible,practical,yetscholarly,sourcesof information about the structural features of the respective education systems, including the history of the education system, the socio-cultural context of the educationsystemandtheorganizationalcontext. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13430 Wolfgang Ho¨rner (cid:129) Hans Do¨bert Lutz R. Reuter (cid:129) Botho von Kopp Editors The Education Systems of Europe Second Edition With47Figuresand6Tables Editors WolfgangHo¨rner HansDo¨bert UniversityofLeipzig UniversityofErfurt Leipzig,Germany Erfurt,Germany LutzR.Reuter BothovonKopp HelmutSchmidtUniversity GermanInstituteforPedagogicalResearch Hamburg,Germany Frankfurt/M.,Germany ISBN978-3-319-07472-6 ISBN978-3-319-07473-3(eBook) ISBN978-3-319-07474-0(printandelectronicbundle) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-07473-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015940773 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon 1stedition:#SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007 2ndedition:#SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Albania .............................................. 1 MichaelSchmidt-Neke 2 Andorra .............................................. 21 WendelinSroka 3 Armenia ............................................. 25 SusanneBandauandDavitGanjalyan 4 Austria ............................................... 39 FerdinandEderandJosefThonhauser 5 Azerbaijan ............................................ 61 EricLepisto 6 Belarus .............................................. 77 StephanMalerius 7 Belgium .............................................. 99 ChristianeBrusselmans-Dehairs 8 Bosnia-Herzegovina .................................... 117 KatarinaBatarilo-HenschenandVolkerLenhart 9 Bulgaria .............................................. 141 PeterBachmaier 10 Croatia .............................................. 155 MarkoPalekcˇic´,IgorRadeka,andNenadZekanovic´ 11 Cyprus ............................................... 173 PetrosPashiardisandAndreasTsiakiros 12 CzechRepublic ........................................ 187 BothovonKopp 13 Denmark ............................................. 207 PalleRasmussenandTobiasWerler v vi Contents 14 Estonia ............................................... 227 Viive-RiinaRuusandPriitReiska 15 FaroeIslands .......................................... 251 WendelinSroka 16 Finland .............................................. 255 MattiMeri 17 France ............................................... 269 WolfgangHo¨rnerandGuillaumeMany 18 Georgia .............................................. 293 NatiaAndguladzeandIvaMindadze 19 Germany ............................................. 305 HansDo¨bert 20 Greece ............................................... 335 PanosXochellisandAnastasiaKesidou 21 Hungary ............................................. 355 MagdolnaRe´bayandTamásKozma 22 Iceland ............................................... 371 ThorarinnStefanssonandRagnheidurKarlsdottir 23 Ireland ............................................... 385 MarieClarkeandMaureenKilleavy 24 Italy ................................................. 403 Sara-JuliaBlo¨chle 25 Kosovo ............................................... 425 LulzimDragidella 26 Latvia ............................................... 437 IrēnaZˇogla,RudīteAndersone,andEmīlijaCˇernova 27 Liechtenstein .......................................... 457 BothovonKopp 28 Lithuania ............................................. 473 DaliaKiliuviene˙ 29 Luxembourg .......................................... 495 SiggyKoenig 30 Macedonia ............................................ 509 WolfOschliesandWolfgangHo¨rner Contents vii 31 Malta ................................................ 523 ChristopherBezzina 32 Moldavia ............................................. 545 ReinhardHannesschl€ager 33 Monaco .............................................. 557 WendelinSroka 34 Montenegro ........................................... 561 SasˇaGavric´ 35 Netherlands ........................................... 581 BobvandeVen 36 Norway .............................................. 603 NinaVolckmarandTobiasWerler 37 Poland ............................................... 621 WolfgangHo¨rnerandInettaNowosad 38 Portugal .............................................. 645 JesusMariaSousaandCarlosNogueiraFino 39 Romania ............................................. 659 LauraDumbra˘veanu 40 RussianFederation ..................................... 679 GerlindSchmidt 41 SanMarino ........................................... 707 WendelinSroka 42 Serbia ............................................... 709 VeraSpasenovic´,EminaHebib,andSlavicaMaksic´ 43 SlovakRepublic ....................................... 725 BeataKosováandSˇtefanPorubsky´ 44 Slovenia .............................................. 743 JozˇeMlakar 45 Spain ................................................ 759 Mar´ıaJesu´sMart´ınezUsarralde 46 Sweden .............................................. 779 TobiasWerler,SilwaClaesson,andOlaStrandler 47 Switzerland ........................................... 797 LucienCriblez viii Contents 48 Turkey ............................................... 825 YaseminKarakas¸og˘luandYilmazTonbul 49 Ukraine .............................................. 851 MarinaZˇeludenkoandAllaSabitowa 50 UnitedKingdom ....................................... 869 NevilleHarrisandStephenGorard Editors Wolfgang Ho¨rner Professor of Comparative Education, University of Leipzig, Leipzig,Germany Research Profile: Methodology of Comparative Education; Analysis of Educa- tional Systems; Education in Central and Eastern European Countries; School andWork HansDo¨bert Professor,UniversityofErfurt,Erfurt,Germany Research Profile: Empirical and Comparative Educational Research; Education andMonitoring;ResearchonSchoolsandTeachers Lutz R. Reuter Professor of Educational Policy Research, Helmut Schmidt University,Hamburg,Germany VisitingProfessorships:NorthwesternUniversity,Chicago,USA VisitingProfessorships:UniversityofStellenbosch,Stellenbosch,SouthAfrica VisitingProfessorships:UniversityofMaputo,Maputo,Mocambique VisitingProfessorships:TechnicalUniversityofNanjing,Nanjing,China Research Profile: Education Systems and Comparative Education; Educational GovernanceandLaw;EducationPolicyandPolitics Botho von Kopp Associated Researcher, German Institute for Pedagogical Research,Frankfurt/M.,Germany Research Profile: Comparative Education Research; Education Policy and GovernanceResearch;EducationStratificationResearch ix