Table Of Content

The Edinburgh Companion to Modernism, Myth and Religion 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 1 25/10/22 1:20 PM Recent volumes in the series The Edinburgh Companion to Animal Studies The Edinburgh Companion to Modernism, Lynn Turner, Undine Sellbach and Ron Broglio Myth and Religion Suzanne Hobson and Andrew Radford The Edinburgh Companion to Contemporary Narrative Theories Forthcoming Zara Dinnen and Robyn Warhol The Edinburgh Companion to Charles Dickens and the Arts The Edinburgh Companion to Ezra Pound and the Juliet John and Claire Wood Arts Edited by Roxana Preda The Edinburgh Companion to the Brontës and the Arts The Edinburgh Companion to Elizabeth Bishop Amber Regis and Deborah Wynne Jonathan Ellis The Edinburgh Companion to Science Fiction and The Edinburgh Companion to Gothic and the Arts the Medical Humanities David Punter Gavin Miller, Anna McFarlane and Donna McCormack The Edinburgh Companion to Literature and Music Delia da Sousa Correa The Edinburgh Companion to W. B. Yeats and the Arts The Edinburgh Companion to D. H. Lawrence and Tom Walker, Adrian Paterson and Charles Armstrong the Arts Catherine Brown and Susan Reid The Edinburgh Companion to Jane Austen and the Arts The Edinburgh Companion to the Prose Poem Joe Bray and Hannah Moss Mary Ann Caws and Michel Delville The Edinburgh Companion to Modernism in The Edinburgh Companion to Nonsense Contemporary Theatre Anna Barton and James Williams Adrian Curtin, Nicholas Johnson, Naomi Paxton and Claire Warden The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature The Edinburgh Companion to Women in Publishing, Jeanne Dubino, Catherine W. Hollis, Paulina Pajak, 1900–2000 Celise Lypka and Vara Neverow Nicola Wilson, Elizabeth Gordon Willson, Alice Staveley, Helen Southworth, Daniela La Penna, Sophie The Edinburgh Companion to Irish Modernism Heywood and Claire Battershill Maud Ellmann, Sian White and Vicki Mahaffey The Edinburgh Companion to British Colonial The Edinburgh Companion to the Essay Periodicals Mario Aquilina, Nicole B. Wallack and Bob Cowser Jnr Caroline Davis, David Finkelstein and David Johnson The Edinburgh Companion to Vegan Literary Studies The Edinburgh Companion to Don DeLillo and Laura Wright and Emelia Quinn the Arts Catherine Gander The Edinburgh Companion to Modernism and Technology The Edinburgh Companion to Literature and Sound Alex Goody and Ian Whittington Studies Helen Groth and Julian Murphet The Edinburgh Companion to Romanticism and the Arts Maureen McCue and Sophie Thomas The Edinburgh Companion to the Eighteenth-Century British Novel and the Arts The Edinburgh Companion to First World War Jakub Lipski and M.-C. Newbould Periodicals Marysa Demoor, Cedric van Dijck and Birgit Van The Edinburgh Companion to Curatorial Futures Puymbroeck Bridget Crone and Bassam El Baroni Please see our website for a complete list of titles in the series https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/series/ecl 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 2 25/10/22 1:20 PM The Edinburgh Companion to Modernism, Myth and Religion Edited by Suzanne Hobson and Andrew Radford 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 3 25/10/22 1:20 PM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © editorial matter and organisation, Suzanne Hobson and Andrew Radford, 2023 © the chapters their several authors, 2023 Chapter 30, ‘The Byzantine Modernism of Djuna Barnes’, is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence Cover image: Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn (1881–1962), The Divine Breath, 1926–1934 ca., Archivio Fondazione Eranos, Ascona. Cover design: Jordan Shaw Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 10 / 12 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 9478 6 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 9479 3 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 9480 9 (epub) The right of Suzanne Hobson and Andrew Radford to be identified as the editors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 4 25/10/22 1:20 PM Contents List of Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Suzanne Hobson and Andrew Radford Part I: Key Figures and Movements 1. Ezra Pound versus T. S. Eliot on Christianity, Apocalypse and Myth, 1934–1945 19 Erik Tonning 2. Virginia Woolf and Christianity 35 Jane de Gay 3. H.D. and Spirituality 50 Lara Vetter 4. D. H. Lawrence’s Dark God 67 Luke Ferretter 5. Harlem’s Bible Stories: Christianity and the New Negro Movement 81 Steve Pinkerton 6. The Jewish East End and Modernism 100 Alex Grafen Part II: Secularity, Disenchantment, Re-enchantment 7. Troubled: Reverse Theodicy in Ward, Eliot and Baldwin 121 Douglas Mao 8. Modernism, Secular Hope and the Posthumous Trace 137 David Sherman 9. C. K. Ogden, I. A. Richards and ‘Word Magic’: Rethinking the Relation of Language to Myth 151 Leigh Wilson 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 5 25/10/22 1:20 PM vi contents 10. Jean Toomer and the Face of the Real: Between Sacred Presence and Disenchanting Violence 166 Matthew Mutter 11. Modernism and Political Theology 180 Charles Andrews Part III: Religious Forms 12. Virginia Woolf’s Agnostic, Visionary Mysticism: Approaching and Retreating from the Sacred 197 Gabrielle McIntire 13. Modernism, Abstraction and Spirituality: Barbara Hepworth and Hilma af Klint 213 Lorraine Sim 14. Modernism and the Hymn 233 Sean Pryor 15. William James, Mysticism and the Modernist Epiphany 250 Graham H. Jensen Part IV: Myth, Folklore and Magic 16. Modernist Mythopoeia 267 Scott Freer 17. Yeats’s Sacred Grove 285 Seán Hewitt 18. The Modernist Grail Quest 299 Andrew Radford 19. The Burial of the Dead in Mann’s The Magic Mountain 315 Pericles Lewis Part V: Modern Esotericism, Pantheism and Spiritualism 20. The Modernist Afterlives of Theosophy 329 Allan Kilner-Johnson 21. Rebecca West, Modern Spiritualism and the Problem of Other Minds 343 Jennifer Spitzer 22. ‘What God hath joined, let no pragmatist put asunder’: May Sinclair’s Philosophical Idealism as Surrogate Religion 358 Rebecca Bowler Part VI: Religious Space, Time and Ritual Practice 23. Sacred Ground: Orthodoxy, Poetry and Religious Change 373 Jamie Callison 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 6 25/10/22 1:20 PM contents vii 24. Liminal Spaces and Spiritual Practice in Naomi Mitchison, Keri Hulme and Lorna Goodison 389 Elizabeth Anderson 25. Finnegans Wake, Modernist Time Machines and Re-enchanted Time 404 Gregory Erickson Part VII: Global Transitions and Exchange 26. Global Seekers in The Quest: A Case Study of an Occult Periodical’s Worldly Religion 425 Mimi Winick 27. ‘A Miserable Attenuation’: T. S. Eliot, Rabindranath Tagore and Irving Babbitt 441 Mafruha Mohua 28. ‘Part heathen, part Christian’: Recording Transitions and Amalgamations of Belief Systems in Constantine Cavafy’s Poetry 457 Sanja Bahun Part VIII: Queer[y]ing Religion 29. ‘It was really rather fine to be suffering’: Radclyffe Hall at the Queer Intersection of Masochism and Martyrdom 479 Jennifer Mitchell 30. The Byzantine Modernism of Djuna Barnes 494 Christos Hadjiyiannis 31. ‘Mixed sex cases among goats’: The Modernist Sublime 509 Matte Robinson and Lisa Banks Contributor Biographies 523 Index 530 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 7 25/10/22 1:20 PM Figures Figure 5.1 The conclusion of Cullen’s ‘Heritage’ as it appears in The New Negro. 87 Figure 5.2 Richard Bruce Nugent, Lucifer, 1930. Watercolour on cardstock, 11 x 8½ in. Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library. 91 Figure 5.3 Nugent, Mary Madonna, 1930. Watercolour on cardstock, 11 x 8½ in. Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library. 92 Figure 5.4 Nugent, Judas and Jesus, 1947. Ink and transparent dye on paper, 15 x 11 in. Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art, New York. 93 Figure 5.5 Nugent, Hagar, 1930. Watercolour on cardstock, 11 x 8½ in. Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library. 95 Figure 5.6 Nugent, Salome Dancing, c. 1925–30. Ink over graphite on paper, 14½ x 10¾ in. Brooklyn Museum, New York. 96 Figure 13.1 Three Forms, 1935, Barbara Hepworth, © Bowness, Hepworth Estate. Photo: Tate Gallery. 220 Figure 13.2 Two Forms, 1934, Barbara Hepworth, © Bowness, Hepworth Estate. Source: Barbara Hepworth: Carvings and Drawings (1952). Photo: provided by author. 221 Figure 13.3 Forms in Echelon, 1938, Barbara Hepworth, © Bowness, Hepworth Estate. Photo: Tate Gallery. 223 Figure 13.4 Hilma af Klint, Group IV, The Ten Largest, No. 7, Adulthood, 1907. Tempera on paper, mounted on canvas, 315 x 235 cm. Courtesy of the Hilma af Klint Foundation, Stockholm. Photo: Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. 227 Figure 13.5 Hilma af Klint, Group X, No. 2, Altarpiece, 1915. Oil and metal leaf on canvas, 238 x 179 cm. Courtesy of the Hilma af Klint Foundation, Stockholm. Photo: Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. 228 Figure 26.1 Subscription card for The Quest, from issue 2.3 (1911), in The National Library of Wales. By permission of Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru/National Library of Wales. 422 Figure 26.2 Flyer advertising ‘Winter Meetings’ from The Quest 4.2 (1913), in The National Library of Wales. By permission of Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru/National Library of Wales. 424 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 8 25/10/22 1:20 PM Acknowledgements First of all, we thank the editorial staff at Edinburgh University Press for sup- porting this collection, especially Jackie Jones and Susannah Butler, who showed such patience, enthusiasm and good cheer in the midst of a global pandemic. Second, we would like to give special thanks to Charlie Pullen, our Editorial Assistant, who has been meticulous in preparing an unwieldy final manuscript for publication. Third, but most importantly, we want to acknowledge our contributors who could not have imagined the circumstances in which they would be working when they agreed to write for this collection. It has been our privilege to work with such a dedicated, gener- ous and unfailingly brilliant group of researchers. Queen Mary University of London generously provided funding to support the last stages of the project. The editors wish to thank John Curran, editor of Renascence: Essays on Literature and Ethics, Spirituality and Religion, for permission to reprint the essay by Pericles Lewis on ‘The Burial of the Dead in Mann’s The Magic Mountain’, Renascence 73, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 43–56. We are indebted to the Fondazione Eranos, Ascona, for granting the permission to use the image by Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn (1881–1962), The Divine Breath, 1926–1934 ca. © Eranos Foundation Archive, Ascona. 7824_Hobson and Radford.indd 9 25/10/22 1:20 PM