The Economics and Organization of Brazilian Agriculture : Recent Evolution and Productivity Gains

179 Pages·2016·2.676 MB·English

by  Chaddad, Fabio

THE ECONOMICS
AND ORGANIZATION
OF BRAZILIAN
AGRICULTURE
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THE ECONOMICS
AND ORGANIZATION
OF BRAZILIAN
AGRICULTURE
Recent Evolution and
Productivity Gains
FABIO CHADDAD
AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON
NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO
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CONTENTS
Preface xi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Production 3
1.2 FarmInputs 6
1.3 ProductivityGains 7
1.4 EconomicEffects 10
1.5 SketchoftheBook 12
Notes 16
References 16
2. Enabling Conditions 19
2.1 NaturalResources 20
2.2 Technology 22
2.2.1 PlantBreedingandGenetics 22
2.2.2 SoilFertilityandConservation 24
2.2.3 BiologicalNitrogenFixation(BNF) 25
2.2.4 CropRotationandIntegratedPestManagement 26
2.2.5 IntegratedCrop(cid:1)LivestockSystems 26
2.2.6 TheDevelopmentoftheCerrado 27
2.3 AgriculturalPolicy 28
2.4 Summary 39
Notes 41
References 43
3. Agriculturein SouthernBrazil: Cooperatives
andContract Farming 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 TheDiversityofAgriculturalOrganization 47
3.3 AgricultureinParaná 50
3.3.1 OCBandOCEPAR 51
3.3.2 Coodetec 56
3.3.3 Castrolanda 58
3.3.4 Agrária 62
3.3.5 AgriculturalCooperativesinOtherRegions 64
vii
viii Contents
3.4 AgricultureinSantaCatarina 65
3.5 Summary 70
Notes 71
References 71
4. Agriculturein SoutheasternBrazil: Vertically Integrated
Agribusiness 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Sugarcane 77
4.2.1 IndustryEvolution 79
4.2.2 TheBrazilianSugarcaneIndustryAssociation(UNICA) 84
4.2.3 TheRelationshipBetweenSugarcaneProcessorsandGrowers 91
4.2.4 TheIndustryConsolidators:CopersucarandCosan 92
4.2.5 TheCopersucarTechnologyCenter(CTC) 98
4.3 OrangeJuice 100
4.3.1 ExplainingtheCompetitivenessoftheSãoPaulo
OrangeJuiceIndustry 103
4.4 Summary 107
Notes 108
References 109
5. Agriculturein the Cerrado: Large-ScaleFarming
andNew-Generation Cooperatives 111
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 EvolutionofFarminginMatoGrosso 112
5.3 ProductivityGains 116
5.3.1 TheMatoGrossoAgriculturalResearchFoundation(FMT) 118
5.3.2 EMBRAPAAgrossilvipastoril 121
5.4 EntrepreneurshipandEconomiesofScale 122
5.4.1 CommercialProducers 124
5.4.2 CorporateFarms 129
5.4.3 EconomiesofScale 133
5.5 ProducerOrganizations 134
5.5.1 TheSoybeanandCornProducerOrganization(Aprosoja) 135
5.5.2 New-GenerationCooperatives 137
5.6 Summary 141
Notes 143
References 144
Contents ix
6. Conclusions 147
6.1 SummaryofMainFindings 147
6.2 ACounterfactualExample 150
6.3 Challenges 153
6.3.1 EnvironmentalIssues 153
6.3.2 SocialIssues 155
Index 159