The Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa

325 Pages·2012·20.93 MB·English

by  Charles Issawi

An Economic History of
the Middle East and North Africa
The Columbia Economic History of the Modern World
Stuart W. Bruchey, General Editor

AN
ECONOMIC HISTORY
OF THE
MIDDLE EAST and NORTH AFRICA
CHARLES ISSA WI
NEW YORK COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1982
lV
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Issawi, Charles Philip.
An economic history of the Middle East and North
Africa.
(The Columbia economic history of the modern world)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
l. Near East-Economic conditions. 2. Africa, North
Economic conditions. I. Title. II. Series.
HC415.15.184 330.956 8l-19518
ISBN 0-231-03443-1 AACR2
Copyright © 1982 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Clothbound editions of Columbia University Press books are Smyth-sewn and
printed on permanent and durab re acid-free paper.
v
To the students
of Economics W4318 and W4337 at Columbia
and Near East Studies 350 and 351 at Princeton,
who heard much of it and improved it with
their questions, comments, and papers.

Contents
Abbreviations and Symbols
VIII
Preface
Xl
I Challenge and Response, 1800-1980 1
Impact
II Expansion of Foreign Trade 17
III Development of Transport 44
IV The Influx of Foreign Capital 62
V Migration and lVlinorities 77
Response
VI Population, Level of Living, and Social
Development 93
VII Agricultural Expansion 118
VIII Deindustrialization and Reindustrialization 150
IX Institutions and Policy, Money and Prices, Savings
and Investment 170
X Petroleum: Transformation or Explosion? 194
XI The Balance Sheets 210
Statistical Appendix 229
Notes 239
Selected Bibliography 265
Subject Index 299
Index of Principal Names and Places 301
Vll