The Ecological Modernization Capacity of Japan and Germany: Comparing Nuclear Energy, Renewables, Automobility and Rare Earth Policy PDF
Preview The Ecological Modernization Capacity of Japan and Germany: Comparing Nuclear Energy, Renewables, Automobility and Rare Earth Policy
Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz Energy Policy and Climate Protection Lutz Mez · Lila Okamura Helmut Weidner Editors The Ecological Modernization Capacity of Japan and Germany Comparing Nuclear Energy, Renewables, Automobility and Rare Earth Policy Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz Energy Policy and Climate Protection Reihe herausgegeben von Lutz Mez, Berlin, Deutschland Achim Brunnengräber, Berlin, Deutschland Diese Buchreihe beschäftigt sich mit den globalen Verteilungskämpfen um knappe Energieressourcen, mit dem Klimawandel und seinen Auswirkungen sowie mit den globalen, nationalen, regionalen und lokalen Herausforderungen der umkämpften Ener- giewende. Die Beiträge der Reihe zielen auf eine nachhaltige Energie- und Klimapo- litik sowie die wirtschaftlichen Interessen, Machtverhältnisse und Pfadabhängigkeiten, die sich dabei als hohe Hindernisse erweisen. Weitere Themen sind die internationale und europäische Liberalisierung der Energiemärkte, die Klimapolitik der Vereinten Nationen (UN), Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel in den Entwicklungs-, Schwellen- und Industrieländern, Strategien zur Dekarbonisierung sowie der Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie und der Umgang mit den nuklearen Hinterlassenschaften. Die Reihe bietet ein Forum für empirisch angeleitete, quantitative und internatio- nal vergleichende Arbeiten, für Untersuchungen von grenzüberschreitenden Trans- formations-, Mehrebenen- und Governance-Prozessen oder von nationalen „best practice“-Beispielen. Ebenso ist sie offen für theoriegeleitete, qualitative Untersu- chungen, die sich mit den grundlegenden Fragen des gesellschaftlichen Wandels in der Energiepolitik, bei der Energiewende und beim Klimaschutz beschäftigen. This book series focuses on global distribution struggles over scarce energy resources, climate change and its impacts, and the global, national, regional and local challenges associated with contested energy transitions. The contributions to the series explore the opportunities to create sustainable energy and climate policies against the backdrop of the obstacles created by strong economic interests, power relations and path dependencies. The series addresses such matters as the international and European liberalization of energy sectors; sustainability and international climate change policy; climate change adaptation measures in the developing, emerging and industrialized countries; strategies toward decarbonization; the problems of nuclear energy and the nuclear legacy. The series includes theory-led, empirically guided, quantitative and qualitative international comparative work, investigations of cross-border transformations, governance and multi-level processes, and national “best practice”-examples. The goal of the series is to better understand societal-ecological transformations for low carbon energy systems, energy transitions and climate protection. Reihe herausgegeben von PD Dr. Lutz Mez PD Dr. Achim Brunnengräber Freie Universität Berlin Freie Universität Berlin More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/12516 Lutz Mez · Lila Okamura · Helmut Weidner Editors The Ecological Modernization Capacity of Japan and Germany Comparing Nuclear Energy, Renewables, Automobility and Rare Earth Policy Editors Lutz Mez Lila Okamura Freie Universität Berlin Dokkyo University Berlin, Germany Saitama, Japan Helmut Weidner Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany Funded by Dokkyo University, Saitama ISSN 2626-2827 ISSN 2626-2835 (electronic) Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection ISBN 978-3-658-27404-7 ISBN 978-3-658-27405-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27405-4 Springer VS © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer VS imprint is published by the registered company Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Abraham-Lincoln-Str. 46, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany Contents Introduction and Research Approach ............................................................................... 1 Helmut Weidner, Lutz Mez, Lila Okamura Ecological Modernization – a Paradise of Feasibility but no General Solution ............. 13 Martin Jänicke Ups and Downs in Environmental Policy: Japan an Germany in Comparison ............... 25 Helmut Weidner Energy Policy in Japan ................................................................................................... 41 Lila Okamura Energiewende in Germany – the Dawn of a New Energy Era ........................................ 53 Lutz Mez Nuclear Waste Management in Japan ............................................................................. 69 Lila Okamura Rise and Fall of the Nuclear Dream in Germany............................................................ 87 Lutz Mez Renewable Energy in Japan.......................................................................................... 103 Lila Okamura 40 Years promoting Renewables in Germany ............................................................... 119 Lutz Mez The Future of the Japanese Automotive Industry ......................................................... 137 Martin Schulz Market and Technology Trends of Automotive Future in Germany ............................. 155 Weert Canzler Rare Earth Strategies of Japan and EU/Germany ......................................................... 171 Lutz Mez Findings of the Research Project .................................................................................. 185 Helmut Weidner, Lutz Mez, Lila Okamura Contributors ................................................................................................................. 207 Acknowledgements This book is the scientific result of the international cooperation project between Dokkyo University (Japan) and Freie Universität Berlin (Germany), with the fi- nancial support for the research coming from Dokkyo University. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Professor Kotaro Oshige from Dokkyo University, for supervising and monitoring our project, and for providing helpful suggestions and constructive criticism during the preparation of this pub- lication. We would like to thank all the survey respondents, the research institutes, and the experts, for their valuable information, insightful contributions and useful answers to our questions. We extend special thanks to Dokkyo University, without whose generous fi- nancial support this work would not have been possible. We hope that these research results will positively contribute to environmental policy development in Japan and Germany. Berlin-Tokyo, March 2019 Lutz Mez Lila Okamura Helmut Weidner Abbreviations AGEB Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Germany) ANRE Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (Japan) AtG Atomgesetz (Nuclear Power Act, Germany) BAU Business as usual BfKE Bundesamt für kerntechnische Entsorgung (Germany) BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Ger- many) BMF Bundesministerium für Finanzen (Germany) BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukle- are Sicherheit (Germany) BMUB Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und nukleare Sicherheit (Germany) BMWi Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (Ger- many) BMWT Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (Germany) BNA Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network Agency, Ger- many) BNG British Nuclear Group BWR Boiling Water Reactor CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Ger- many) CHP Combined heat and power CO carbon dioxide 2 CSU Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern (Germany) DeNOx Denitrification DeSOx Desulfurization EEA European Environment Agency EEG Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (Renewable Energy Sources Act, Germany) X Abbreviations EIP European Innovation Partnership EM Ecological Modernization EnEV Energieeinsparverordnung (Energy Conservation Ordi- nance, Germany) ERECON European Rare Earths Competency Network ESI Energy supply industry (Germany) EU European Union FBR Fast Breeder Reactor FDP Freie Demokratische Partei (Germany) FEC Final Energy Consumption FEPC Federation of Electric Power Companies (Japan) FIT Feed-in tariff FY Financial year GDP Gros Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GJ Giga Joule (1 Million Joule) HLW High-Level Waste HREE Heavy rare earth element HTR High Temperature Reactor ICCT International Council of Clean Transportation IEA International Energy Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency ISEP Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (Japan) ITF International Transport Forum IUPAC International Union of Applied and Pure Chemistry JAEA Japan Atomic Energy Agency JAEC Japan Atomic Energy Commission JAPC Japan Atomic Power Company JNFL Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited KEIDANREN Japan Business Federation Abbreviations XI kWh kilowatt-hour KWU Kraftwerk Union AG METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) MIPS Material input per service unit MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) MoE Ministry of Environment (Japan) MOX Mixed plutonium-uranium oxide fuel MP Member of Parliament MW Megawatt (1,000 Watt) NAPE National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (Germany) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NBS Nature-based solutions NEDO New Energy Development Organization (Japan) NGOs Nongovernmental organizations NPE National Platform for Electric Mobility (Germany) NPP Nuclear Power Plant NPS Nuclear Power Station NRA Nuclear Regulation Authority (Japan) NUMO Nuclear Waste Management Organization (Japan) NW Nuclear waste OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- ment P-2-X Power-to-X PV Photovoltaic PWR Pressurized Water Reactor R&D Research & Development REE Rare Earth Element RE Renewable energy REI Renewable Energy Institute (Japan) REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century RES Renewable energy sources
The list of books you might like
