The East Asian species of the ant genus Acropyga Roger, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)

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EdaphelogiaN,e,70:21-32,August28,2002 21

TheEast AsianSpeciesof theAnt GenusAcropyga Roger,

1862(HymenopterFaor:micidaeF:ormicinae)

Mamoru TERAyAMAL, John R. FELLowEs' and Shanyi ZHou'
i2-12-29, IVdka-cho ,lwatssck iS,aitama, 339-O054 Jbpan
iKodoorie FZir mand Botani cGanten ,Lam Kdm Roaa 7ki iPo, New ferritorie sH,ong Kbng, China
'Department cV'Biotosy, Guangxi Nb'nnat Universi tGyu,ili nG,uangxi, 541004 China
Received :14 Apri l2002; Accepted :4 Ju] y2oo2
Abstrac tThe East Asian species of the ant genus Acropyga RoGER, 1g62 ,are revised, Ten species are recognized of
which three are new to science: one species belengs to the subgenus Acropyga, six species te Rhizomynna ,and three
species to Atqpodon. Acrqpyga (Rhizomyr mgaua)ngxiensi ssp. nov. is characterized by the mandible with four teeth t,he
distinc tilnycis emdetanotal dorsum, and the small eye consisting of single face tA.cropyg a(Rhizomyr msaep)temstruma
sp. nov. i scharacterized by thc antenna with seven articles, the absence of eyes, and the small body size (tot lae1ngth
1 ,3 mm), Acmpyga (Rhizomyt wynunan)anensis sp. nov. most resemb:es A. sttangxiens issp. nov., but is separated from
the latt ebry the very weakly incise dmetanotal dorsum and the eye consisting of four facet sA.cropyga acutiventris
RoGER i srecorded from China for the firs ttime, A key to the East Asian species is presented.
Key words: Hymenoptera, Formicidae ,Aerqpryga ,diagnost ichcaracters
Recently ,we have examined 125 specimens, including
Introduction
the types ,of the Acropyga ants from various r.egions of
The genus Ac,epyga RoGER, 1862, is represented by 58 ･Eas tAsia. After careful examinatien, we recognized ten
extant species. Accordin gto BoLToN (1995 )th,ose are species and found tha tthree of them are new to science
distribut edin the Neotropica l(2 7spp.), the Indo- and one is new to the East Asian fauna .In thi spaper ,we
Australi a(n1 5spp.), and the Orienta l(8 spp,) Regions, revise the genus Acrzv)yg aof East Asia,
and a few in the Ethiopia n(3 spp,), the Palaearct i(c2 The followi nabgbreviations fbr morphomeuic charac-
spp.), the Nearcti c(l sp.), and the Australasi a(n2 spp.) ters are used.
Regions ,Six species have been known from East Asia: A. HL, head length :maximum fu1 1face view lengt hfrem the
nimponensis TERAyAMA, 1985, A. yaeyamensis TERAYAMA anteriormost. margin of clypeus to the occipital margin of
and HAsHiMoTo, 1996, and A, kinomurai TERAyAMA and head.HW,
HAsHIMoTo, 1996, from Japan ;A. sauteri FoREL, 1912, head width: maximum ful lfac eview distan caceross
from Japan and China; A. baoduoens iTsERAyAMA, 1985, head excluding eyes.
from Taiwan islan din China; A. jiangxie nWAsNiGs and SL, scape length :lengt hof scape excluding radicle,
Wu, 1992, from southem China. CI, cephalic index :HW x 100fHL.
Acmpyga engages in trophobietic associations with SI, scape index :SL x 100/HW.
myrmecophile mealybugs (Homopter oaf )the subfamily WL, Weber' slengt hof alitru nkma:ximum diagonal
Rhizoechina e(SILvEs T1R9I26, 1927; WiLuAMs 1978, distan cferom the base of anterior slope of pronotum to
1998; TERAyAMA l988) .Honeydew provided by these the propodea llobe.
insect iss a major food source for the ants, The mealybugs PL, petiol arscale length :maximum lengt hof petiolar
live within the subterranean ant nests, where they are scale in later avliew.
protecte dby the ants. They feed by sucking sap from the PH, petiol eheight :maximum heigh otf petiol ein lateral
rootlets of plant saccessible ther e(NIxoN 1951; WAy view, measured perpendicular lfyrom apex of petiolar
1963; BuscmNGER et al. 1987; TERAyAMA 1988). node to venter of petiole.
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22 M, Terayama et al,
TL, tota lbody leng, thou:tstretched lengt hfrom the Key to the East Asian Specie sof Acmpyga
mandibular apex to the gastra alpex. (worker)
The fo11owi nagbbreviation of instituti oanrse also
used: ICKH, the Insec tCollecti oKna,doorie Farm and 1. Eye larg ec,onsisting of more than 20 facets................
･Botani cGarden, Hong Kong, China; ISYC, the Insect .,..,.......,,... ,(..A.c,r..q.p.y., ga.caAu)tiventris RoqER
Collectio n,Facult yof Resources ,Southwest Forestry -. Eye smal1, consisting of les sthan 5 facets,,..,...,..,,,,..,2
Colleg e,Kunming, Yunnan Province ,China; MNHA, 2. Mandible with 3 or 4 teeth ;basalmost tooth triangular,
Museum of Nature and Human Activitie Hs,yogo, Japan; with acute apex (Fig 1s2., 18),",,,.H,.","H,,H,------･･-3
NIAES ,Nationa l Institu teof Agro-Enyironrnental -. Mandible with 5 teeth ;basalmost tooth tmncate
Sciences ,Tsukuba, Japan ;RFBC, Research Institu toef apically (Fig s28., 31).,,..,".,-,,"",".,"",,",,-,".,,,-,.8
Forestry B,eijing ,China, 3. Antenn aconsisting of 7 articles; eye absent,..,,,.,.,..,,..,
･J･･･-･･･J･J･ ･(･R･･h･i･z･AoJnry rsqmptaem)struma sp. nov,
Genus Acrqpyga ROGER -. Antenna consisting of more than 9 anicles; eye present
-･m,,,",mH,H,,m.,".,NH,,-,,",.",,,",,"",.,.,-,,-,".,HH,,.,,4
Acropyga RpGER, 1862: 242. [Typ sepecies: Acropyga 4. Mandible with 3 teeth (Fi g1.2):-ii--i･･･-･･･-i･-･･i-s･i･･･i･･･s･･･s
acutiventris RoGER, 1862] ,.,.,,,..,,,.,.,... ,(.R,,h.i,,z.o.m,.y.r. mAsa,aut)eri FoREL
Diagnosis .Workers: small formicin eants. Total length -. Mandible with 4 teeth (Fig s15., 18),...,...,..,,.,,,,.,.,,.,,.5
of workers les sthan 4 mm. Antenna with seven to 11 S. Head distinct lwiyder than long..,,,...,...,...･･･J････････J･････-･･
articles, Eye small, it smaximum diamete srmaller than ,,..,,,.,.,. .(,,R,h,i..z,oAm,yr mkain)omutu TiERAyAMA
t.: ,'.,i.maxim uwmidth of antennal scape (wit ha few excep- and HASHIMOTO
tions) ,or absent. Ocelr ilackin gin worker, Maxillary Head longe rthan wide or as rong as wide.,..,,,...,..,,..,6
palpus 1-3 segmented and labi alone 3-5 .Alitrunk 6. Antenna consisting of 10 anicles; mesonotal dorsum
compact, and short in preferri ngto head and gaster; strongly convex in profil (eFi g1.9)･･s･-･･.･･･-･･･Ji･iJJ･ss･･･
metanotal groove shallow; propodeum short, Propodeal ..,,.,,.,. .(.R,h.Ai.zoayn nyaaa)yamensis TERAyAMA
spiracles 1arge and oval, Petiol escale-like, thin and low, and HAsHIMOTO
Gaste rdisproponiona tlealryg e.Body cQlor yellow to -. Antenn aconsisting of more than 10 articles ;mesonotal
yellowi sbhrown. dorsum weakly convex in profil e(Fi g22.) .............7
Remarks. The genus has been divide dinto'four ･7 ;TEye･ consistirfg "e'f"siirigle'"facet;･"fnetano' tum' di'st ithl'Yc'
subgenera, Acropyga RoGER, 1862 ,Atqpodon FoREL, incis eddorsal l(yFi g6.)-,,-,"--･･･-･-････--･----･･･-･-･･-･
1912, Rhizonryrm a FoREL, 1893, and Mblaconrynna ......,,..,,,.. .(,R.h.,i.z,o,Am.yr mguaa)nxiensi ssp, nov,
EMERy, 1922 .Acmpyga is characterized by the antenna -. Eye consisting of 4 facet s;metanotum very weakly
with 11 articles and the mandible with five triangular incise ddorsall y(Fi g2.2)".."..H.HH..H..m..H.."..-"..-.
teeth ,and is distribut eidn the Orienta land the Australian .,.,.,..,,,,,. ,(.R.h.,i,z.o.mAy,nn ay)unnanensi ssp. nov.
Regions .Atopodon has also the antenna with 11 articles 8. Propodeum in profil ewithout distin cdtorsa lsurface;
and the five-tooth erdnandible, but the basal tooth is posterolate ramalrgin convex, not formin gangle
tmncate ,and is disnibut iend the Orienta lt,he Australian, (Fi g3.4),,,",.-,.,,,,,-,m,,,m,-,,-,".",-,,,,",.",",,,,H,".,.-
and the Palaearct iRcegions ,Rhizonryrma is characterized ..,,..,... .(,A,.tAo.pod ojni)angxie nWAsNiGs and Wu
by the antenna with seven to 11 articles and three -or -, Propodeum in profi lweith distinc tn,ear-horizontal
four-tooth emdandible, and is mostly disuibut eidn the dorsa lsurface; posterolat emraraglin foming dull
Neotropica lt,he Orienta land the Austraiia Rnegions ,and angle (Fi g3,3)",,",,.,-,-.,-,,..,,,.",".,,,-,,H...."."..H.."9
a few in the Palaearct icand the Nearcti cRegions. 9. Head in fu1 1face view with parale slidles; petiol sacrale
Mblacomyrma has the antenna with 1l articles in which in profil tehick w,ith obtusely angulate dorsa mlargin
the terminal article is rernarkably long and five-toothed .,...,..,..... (,.A.t.o..p.oAd. onnip)ponensis TERAyAMA
mandible, and is disuibut eidn the Ethiopi aRnegion. -, Head in fu1 1fac eview with slightl yconvex sides;
Three subgenera, Acmpyga, Rhizomynna and Atopodon, petiolar scale in profil ethin, with acutely angulate
are known from East Asia, - dorsalmargink.,H.."-.,"..,.-,"･.--･-J･-･･--･･-･･-･--･･-･-
(Atopodobna)oduoensiTsERAyAMA
.....,..,,.,..,...,.A.
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East Asian Speci eofs Acropyga 23
Acropyg a(Acropy gacau)tiventris RoGER Ng Tung Chai, West Centra lNew Tenitorie s,12. xi,
(Fig s1.-3) 1996, J. R. FELLowEs leg. ;1 worker, Green I, ,30 .viii,
1993, M. LAu leg, ;3 workers, Victori aPark, 7, xi. 1993,
Acropyga acutiventris RoGER, 1862: 243. M, LAu leg. ;3 workers, Siu A Chau I. ,13 .viii, 1997, M,
PlagioJepisfla vMaAyR 1862: 699, LAu leg. 3; workers, Nam Fung Wood, 9. viii. 1996, M.
Acropyga flav aMA:yR 1862: 769. [Synonymi bzyed LAu leg, ;3 workers, Green I. ,22, iv , 1998, J. R.
FoREL 1894: 418.] FELLowEs leg,
Agmpyga moluccana var, australis FoREL, 1902 :477, Distributi oInn.dia ,Sri Lanka, Indonesia ,Malaysia,
Acmpyga moluccana a"stralis: FoREL 1911: 286, Singapor eC,hina (new record), Papua New Guinea ,the
[Synonymi bzy eTdAyLoR 1992: 58.] Solomon Is. ,Australia.
Remarks. This species is separated from the other East
Diagnosi sW,orker ,HL O.83-O. 8m5m; HW O.83-O,84 Asian species by the shape of mandible with fiv etriangu-
mm; SL O.75-O. 7mm7; CI 98-1oo; SI 9092; WL O.85- 1ar teeth, the 1arg eeye bonsist oifn mgore than 20 facets,
O.88 mm; PL O,16K).1 7mm; PH O,40-O.4 2mm; TL 2.8- and the large brody .The workers were collected under
3.0 mm (5 workers measured). stones and in the soil in secondary broadleave dforests
Head in fu1 1face view square, with subparallel sides from five to 300 m ahitude in Hong Kong,
and weakiy concave posterio rmargin. Mandible with 5
triangula rteeth .Antenna with 11 articles; scape Iong, Acmpyga (Rhizomyr mgaua)ngxiensi ssp. nov,
reaching posteri omarrgin of head ,Eye 1arg eO,.12-O.14 (Fig s4-.6)
mm in maximum diameter ,1arge rthan maximum width of
antennal scape, and consisting of more than 20 facets. Worker, HL O,45 mm; HW O.45 mm; SL O.33 mm; CI
Promesonotu min profil ewith gentl yconvex dorsal 100; SI 72; WL O.41 mm; PL O,07 mm; PH O,20 mm; TL
outline; propodeum in profi lwieth fla tdorsa lsurface and 1,5 mm (holot ymepaseured).
dully angulate poslerodor csoarnler, Petiol ein profil tehin Head in fu1 1face view as long as wide, widest at
and high ,with reversed V-shaped fbrr nD.orsum of head anterior end, with almos tstraight posterio rmargin;
with abundant eTect hairs p;rornesonot adlorsum with both posterolate rcaolmer rounded; frons and vertex wealcly
short and long erect hairs ,I.Q.n gh.air stwice as long as shagreened and subopaqug. Mandible with 4 smal1 acute
shorter ones. Bb 'dY yelloii} ibsrf6iwn. teeth; apical tooth fo11owed by 2 teeth ,diastema and basal
Specimem sexamined. China (Hon gKong): 6 workers, tooth, Antenna ･a tleas twith 10 articles (ape xlackin ign
1
3
a-
2
b-
Figs. 1-3. Acropyga CAcropyg aacu)tiventris worker - -1, Head ful lface view; 2, right
rnandible; 3, alitrunk and petiol ein profi]e.RSocca;]Ee Rb,ars :a, O,5 mm for 1, i3n; b, O,3 mm for 2,
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holotype) ;scape not reaching posterio rmargin of head; Holotype. Worker, Huaping, Guanxi ,China ,19. viii.
pedice llonge rthan wide; 3rd to 10t harticles each wider 1998, J, R. FELLowEs leg,
than long ;10t harticl eO,7 times as long as wide. Eye Type depository .ICKH,
consisting of single facet Distributio nC.hina (Guanxi).
Alitrun kshort; pronotum 1argel ysmooth, with steeply Remarks. This species is distinguish efdrom the ether
raised anterior margin; mesonotal dorsum in profil every East Asian congeners by the four-toot hmaenddible, the
weakly convex; metanotal groov edistinct liyncised small eye consisting of sirigle face tt,he distinc tilnycised
dorsali y;dorsum of propodeum convex, posterodorsal metanotal dorsum ,and the thin and high petiol Ken.own
margin in profil econvex, not fbrming angle; lateral only from the holotype.
surface of propodeum smooth and shining; propodeal Etymology. The specific name refers to the type
-spirac lseituated at middle of propodeum, locality,
Petiol ein profil ethi nand high ;anterior margin with
dulr angle near midlength; posterio mrargin concave; in Acrqpyga (Rhilonry rsemptaem)struma sp. nov.
dorsal (Figs7-,10)
posterio rview sides converging with concave
margln.
Gaster weakly shagreened. Worker, HL O,36 mm; HW O.35 mm; SL O,2 3mm; CI
Dorsum of head with abundant short erect hairs; 97; SI 64; WL O.43 mm; PL O,10 mm; PH O.13 mm; TL
dorsum of alitrunk with abundant short decumbent hairs; 1,3 mm (holot ymepaesured).
gaste rwith suberect hairs. Head in fu1 1face view as long as wide, with weakly
Colot 'yellow. convex sides and almost straight posterior'margin;
/"t''･r.bi.

6
"gs
4
7 10
xsy-X
iis
a-b-
t,8 9

Figs .4-6. Acrelryg a(Rhizomyrm gau)att:iensi ssp. nev., worker - 4, Head in fu1 1face view;
5, right mandible; 6, alitrunk and petiol ein profil eF.igs .7-10. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma)
septemstruma sp. nev., worker - 7, Head in ful lface view; 8, basa land 2nd teeth of right
rnandible; 9, tef tmandib]e; 10, atitrunkancl petiol ein profit eS.cale bars :a, O,25 mrn for
4-7 and 10; b, e.13 rnm for8 ancl 9,
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East Asian Specie sof Acropyga 2S
posterolat ecorrnaelr rounded, not fbrming distin catngle; Diagnosis ,Worker, HL O.4 5mm; HW O.53 mm; SL
frons and vertex very weakly shagreened. Mandibl ewith O,40 mm; Cl 118; SL 75; AW O.53 mm; PL O,05 mm; PH
4 triangula rteeth (rig hmatndible with basa ltooth smal]er O,1 5mm; TL 1.8 mm (holot ympeaesured).
than that of lef tmandible as in Fig. 8) ,Antenna with 7 Head in ful lface view wider than long .Mandible with
articles; scape short, not reaching posterio rmargin of 4 acute triangu]a rteeth .Antenna with 11 articles; scape
head; pedic ellonger than wide; 3rd to 6th artieles each reaching posteri moarrgin of head. Eye small, consisting
distinc twildeyr than long ;5th article O.6 times as long as of 5-6 indisti nfcatcet sDo.rsal outline of alitmnk almost
wide; 6th article O.5 times as long as wide; terminal straight, Petio lien profil weith a reversed U-shaped dorsal
article 1arge ,2.3 times as long as wide, ]onge rthan margin, Dorsa of head and alitrunk with'abundant short
precedi n4g articles combined. Eyes absent, erect hair sB,ody yellow.
Alitrunk short; pronotum smooth, with steeply raised Specimen sexamined. Worker [holoty pYoes]h,ino,
anterior margin; mesonotal dorsum in profil estraight; Ishigakijim a,Yaeyama Is. ,Okinawa Pref. ,Japan ,16.
[paratypes],
posterodor csoamelr of promesonotum in profi IfeOrming viii, 1985, K. KINoMuRA leg. ;13 workers
distin catngle; metanotal groove weakly incise ddorsally; Yoshino, Ishigakijima ,Yaeyama Is. ,Okinawa Pref,,
dorsum of propodeum nearly straight, posterodorsal Japan ,16. viii. 1985, K. KINOMuRA leg.
corner in profil enot formin gangle; propodea lspiracle Distributio nJ.apan (Ishigaki jIi.)m.a
circular, situated at upper portio nof propodeum. Remarks. The symbiont mealybug is Eumyrmococcus
Petiol eslightly higher than long ,acute triangular scale; kinomurai WTLLIAMs and TERAyAMA, 2000 (WILLIAMS
in posterio vriew with concave dorsa lmargin and acutely and TERAyAMA 2000) ,The nest was taken under a stone
angulate dorsolate croranlers. on the ground.
Gaster
weakly shagreened.
Dorsum of head with abundant short erect hairs; Act:qpyg a(Rhizomyr msaaute)ri FoREL
dorsum of pronetu mwith several short hair sposteriorly; (Fig s11.-13)
dorsa of mesonotum, metanotum and propodeu mwithout
hairs ;petiol ewithout dorsa lhair sg;aste rwith suberect Acropyga (Rhizonryr msaau)teri FoREL, 1912a :72.
hairs,
Color pale yellow .Body cuticle thin. Diagnosis .Workers, HL O.56-O,5 8mm; HW O.60-O.61
Holotype. Worker, Sha Lo Tung, Northeas tNew mm; SL O.41-O.4 3mm; CI 104-106; SI 69-74 ;AW
Territories ,Hong Kong, China ,27. vi, l992, J. R. O,40-O.4 1mm; PL O.13-O,1 4mm; PH O,24-O,2 5mm TL
FELLowEs leg. 2.0-2. 5mm (5 workers measured).
Type depository ,ICKH, Head slightly wider than long .Mandible with 3 well-
Distributi oCnh.ina (Hong Kong). develope dtriangula rteeth .Antenna with 11 arTicles;
Remarks. This species is easily distinguish efdrom the scape reaching posterio rmargin of head. Eye minute,
other congeners by the antenna with seven articles, the consisting of single facet P,rornesonotu min profil geently
absence of eyes, and the small body size (TL ca. 1.3 mm). convex and propodea ldorsum convex. Head and alitrunk
Known only from the holotype ,which was found in a with numerous short erect dorsa lhairs B.ody yellow,
pitfa ltlrap set in a 1O meter-high bamboo fores att altittide Specimens examined. Japan :8 workers, Aogashima,
180 Izu Is.,Tokyo, 2, 1988,M. TERAyAMA S,
m. viii, and
Etymology. R･eferrin gto the antenna with 7 articles. KuBoTA leg. ;20 workers, Yuwan, Amami-oshima,
Kagoshima Pref, ,5. viii, 1982, H. TAKAMINE leg, ;7
Acrqpyga (Rhizomyrmak)inomurai TERAyAMA and queens ,Tokunoshim aK,agoshima Pref. 2,0, ii i,1980, M,
HASHIMOTO TERAyAMA leg; 2 workers, Chibana, Okinawajima,
(Figs1,4.16) Okinawa Pref. 1,9. v. 1983, T. MlzuKAMI leg, ;1 worker,
Naha, Okinawajima, 27. vi. 1982, M. MoRIslTA leg, ;3
Acrqpyga (Rhizomyrm a)kinom"ra iTERAyAMA and workers, Izenajima ,Okinawa Pref. ,30. ii i.1985, H.
HAsHIMoTo, 1996: 7. [holot ayndp eparatype sexamined; TAKAMINE leg, ;5 workers, Iriomotejima ,Okinawa Pref.,
MNHA] 13. viii. 1979, M. TERAyAMA leg .Taiwan I. :6 workers,
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Chipen T,aitung Hsien ,20. viii. 1982, M, TERAyAMA leg. behavio rof the young ant queen carrying mealybug from
Distributio nJ.apan (south epranrt sof Honshu ,Izu Is., the mother nest has also been recorded for an Actepyga
Shikoku , Kyushu, Nansei Is,) ; China (Shanghai,sp. in Szechuan, western China (BRowN 1945) .The
Guangdong, Macao, Taiwan I.). queens and males were describe dby WHEELER (1928)
Remarks. This species is found in grassland sor and SANTscH I(1928) r,espectively.
woodland margins, and nests under stones or direct liyn
the soil. Nuptia lfligh tasre observed from lat eMarch to Acrczpry ga(Rhizomyr myaae)yamensis TERAyAMA and
June. Each alate femal eleave sthe paren tnest with a HASHIMOTO
gravi dmealybug in her mandibles (UyE 1928, 1933; (Fig s1.7-l9)
TERANISm 1929; TERAyAMA 1988) , The symbiont
mealybug is E"myrmococcus smithi SILvEsTRI ,1926. The Acmpyga (Rhizonry rymaae)yamensisTERAyAMA and
.sf
s
J" 12

O
r' 'j'
-l': t;'"
ft!. PrL ')
N 16
,,
lh/.i '.t"1
,fi, ,):1･ D
19
(lxl
17 ×
a-b-
s
Figm 11-13 .Acmpyga {Rhizomynn saau)teri FoREL, worker - 1 1, Head in ful lfac eview; 12, right mandible; 13,
a]itrunk and petiol e]n prefil eF.igs .14-16. Acropyga (Rhizemyn nkai)nomura iTERAyAMA and HAsHiMoTo,
worker - 14, Head in ful ]fac eview ;IS, right mandible; 16, alitrunk and petio lien profile .Figs. 17-19,
Acropyga (Rhizomy ryameaya)mensis TERAyAMA and HAsHiMoTo ,vvorker - 17, Head in ful tfac eview; 18,
right rnandible; l9, aLitrunk ancl petiol ien profile .Sca] ebars :a, O,25 mm in 1 t-13 ;b, O.O Smm in l4-19.
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East Asian Specie sef Actopyga 27
HASHIMoTo ,1996: 5. [holo tanyd p pearatype se xa m in e d; r na r gm, and angulate dorsolater acolrners. Forewing 2.1
MNHA] mm in length l,onger than tota1 body length ,with ls tradial
cell; medial cell not define dv;ein M divergin gbasal to
Diagnosi sW.orker, HL O.40 mm; HW O.38 mm; SL Rs,
O.28 mm; CI 95; SI 74; WL O.40 mm; PL O.05 mm; PH Gaster largel ysmooth and shining, Paramere larg eand
O.13 mm; TL 1,7 mm (holot ymepaesured). subtriangular in profil ew,ith convex ventral and weakly
Head in ful lface view almost square. Mandible with 4 concave dorsa lmargins; tip of paramer eforrnin gacute
large ,triangular teeth .Antenna with 10 articles; scape angle and slightly uptumed. Aedeagus slender, with thin
short, not reaching posteri moarrgin of head. Eye small, and dully angulate tip.
consisting of single face tD.orsa loutline of promeso- Dorsa of head and alitrun kwith numerous short
notum convex; propodea l dorsum convex. Petiole suberect hairs ;gaste writh suberect hairs.
subtriangular in profi1 Deolr,sa of head and alitrunk with Frons and gena brown ;vertex dark brown ;front allobe,
a few short erect hair sB.ody pale yellow, clypeus, and mandible, yellow ;antenna yellowis hbrown
Specimen sexamined. Worker [holoty pUrea]u,chi, with darker terminal article; alitrunk yellow ;legs yel-
Iriomotejima ,Yaeyama Is. ,Okinawa Pref, J,apan 2,8, iii. lowish brown ;gaste ryellow to yellowis hbrown.
1991, M. TERAyAMA leg. ;3 workers [paratype s W]o,rker, HL O.4 9mm; HW O,4 5mm; SL O,31 mm; CI
Urauchi ,Iriomotejima ,Yaeyama Is. ,Okinawa Pref,, 92; SI 69; WL O,50 mm; TL not measured (petio laned
Japan ,28, ii i.1991, M TERAyAMA leg. ;1 worker gaste rlacking )(on eparatyp emeasured).
[paraty Ipseh]ig,akijima ,Yaeyama Is. ,Okinawa Pref,, Head in fu1 1face view slightly longe rthan wide, with
Japan ,M. MoRisiTA leg. straight posteri omrargin and parall eslides; posterolateral
Distributio nJ.apa n(Ishigaki jI,i ,Imraiomotejima I.), corner fbrming dull angle; frons and vertex weakly
Remarks. This species has been known only from the shagreened. Mandible with 4 acute triangula rteeth.
Yaeyama Islands s,outhwestern Japan (Fi g3.5) .The ants Antenn awith 11 articles; scape not reaching posterior
are found from litt eirn broadleave dfores tT,he sub- margin of head; pedice llonge rthan wide; 3rd to 10th
generi ncame in the original descripti o(npag e5, lef tl,ine article seach wider than long ;10t harticle O,7 times as
40; Rhizomyrna) should be corrected to Rhizonrynna. long as wide; terminal article twice as long as wide,
longe rthan the precedin g3 articles combined. Eye
Acmpyga (Rhizomyn nyaun)fianensis sp, nov. consisting of 4 facets,
(Fig s20.-26) Alitrunk short; pronotum 1argely smooth and shining;
mesonotal dorsum wealaly convex; metanotal groove very
Male ,HL O.35 mm; HW O,36 mm; SL O,23 mm; CI weakly incise ddorsall yd;orsum of propodeu mconvex,
103; SI 64; WL O. 6S mm; PL O,06 mm; PH O.18 mm; TL posterodor scoarnler in profi lnoet fbrming angle; lateral
1.8 mm (holot ympeaesured). surface of propodeum smooth and shining; propodeal
Headinfu11face long
view as as wide excluding eyes, spiracle situated at middle of propedeum,
with straight posterio mrargin. Mandible with 3 triangular Dorsum of head with numerous suberect short hairs;
teeth ;apicalmost tooth longes tA.nteri ormargin of mandible with suberect hairs ;dorsum of alitrunk with
clypeus convex. Eye O,14 mm in rnaximum diameter, many suberect short hair sand severel long erect hairs.
Antenna with 12 articles; scape almost reaching posterior Ground color yellow ;apical hal .off mandible, terminal
margin of head; pedice lslightl ylonge rtha nwide; segment of antenna, and tibiae brown.
funiculu sshort, 3rd to 11th articles each wider than long; Holotype. Male, Nangong-shan , Xishuangbanna,
terminal article longer than precedin g3 articles combined. Yunnan, China, 15. ix .1997, Z. Xu leg.
Frons and vertex weakly shagreened. P a r a t y p e s1 . m a le , 1 w o rk e r, f r o m t h e sa'me nest as the
Alitrun k1,70 times as long as high in profil ea;nterior holotype.
margin of pronotum convex and producing anteriorly; Type depositor IyS,YC.
posterolate rmaalrgin of propodeum gentl yconvex, not Distributio nC.hina (Yunnan),
forming angle, Petiol ethin, with a reversed V-shaped Remarks. This species resembles A. guangxiensis sp,
form ;in posteri voierw scale with weakly concave dorsal nov. in havin gthe antenna with 11 anicles and the
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28 M. Terayama et al,
i.;L
22
.I
21
20
e"
o a
23
- 24
Figs .20-26. Acropyga (Rhizomyrm yau)nnanensi ssp. nov,, worker and ma]e' 20, Head in ful lface
view, worker; 21, right mandible, worker; 22, alitrunk in prefil weo,rker; 23, head in ful lface view,
rnale; 24, alitrunk and petio lien profil ema,le; 25, genital iian ventral view, male; 26, paramer ein
prefi] ema,le. Scale bar = O,25 mrn.
mandible with four teeth in worker, However i tis easily 5 teeth ;apical 4 triangula bra;sa ltooth large rre,ctangular
distinguish efdrom the latte bry the very weakly incised and apically truncate .Antenna with 11 articles; scape
metanotal dorsum (distin icntcliyse din A. g"angxiensis) almost rea¢hing posterio rmargin of head. Eye small,
and the eye consisting of fou rface t(sconsist iofn gsingle consisting of 1 or 2 facet s.Promesonotur nin profiie
face tin A. guangxiensi si)n worker. This species also has eonvex ;propodea ldorsum convex; posterio rsurface of
long erect hair son the dorsum of alitmnk (lon egrect hairs propodeum steeply declivito usP.etiola rsca]e in profile
absent in A. guangxiensis) and the brown tibiae (legs thin and high ,with acute dorsa lmargin; subpetiolar
uniform]y ye]lo win A, guangxiensis )T,he specimens are proces slonge rthan high ,with convex ventral margin,
from a natural evergreen broadleav efdores att 1380 m Dorsa of head and alitrunk with a few short erect hairs.
altitude in Yunnan Province ,China (Fig 3.5). Body pale yellow,
Etymology. The specific name refers to the locality. Specimen sexamined. Worker [holoty pNea]n-,
shanchi, Nanfen Cun, Ren'ai Xiang, Nantou Hsien,
Acropyga (Atoped obna)odaoensi sTERAyAMA Taiwan I. ,12, viii, 1980, M. TERAyAMA leg. ;11 workers,
(Fig s27.-29) 4 alate queens ,3 males [paraty pNaenss]ha,nchi ,Nanfen
Cun,Ren'aiXiang,Nantou Hsien,Taiwan I,,12.VIIL

Acmpyga (Atopodonba)odooensisTERAyAMA, 1985: 1980, M. TERAyAMA leg.;10 5
workers, workers,
284, [holot ayndp eparatype sexamined; NIAES] Liukuei ,Kaohsiung Hsien ,Taiwan I. ,17, viii, 1987 ,M,
TERAyAMA leg,

Diagnosi sW.orker, HL O.65 mm; HW O.60 mm; SL Distributio nC.hina (Taiwa nI.).
O,4 5mm; CI 92; SI 75; WL O,6 5mm; PL O.13 mm; PH Remarks. The nests are foun din soil, under stones or
O,26 mm; TL 2.2 mm (holot ymepaesured), rotten wood in broadleave dforest sA. myrmecophilous
Head in ful lface view longer than wide, with straight mealybug, Eumynntococcus nipponensis TERAyAMA,
posteri moarrgin and slightly convex sides, Mandible with 1986, live sin the nests,

'
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East Asian Specie sef Acropyga 29
V.
29
32
28
33
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31
34
b.-.
Figs .27-29 . Acropyga (Atopodo bna)odaoensi sTERAyAMA, worker- 27, Head in ful lfac evlew; 2S,
right mandible: 29, petiol asrcale in prefil e.Figs .30-33, Acrvpyga (Atopodo nnip)pvnensis
TERAyAMA, worker - -30, Head in fu] ]face view; 3], right mandible; 32, petiol ascrale in profil e33;,
alitrunk and petio lien pTofil eF.ig .34, Acropyga (Atopodo jni)angxie nWsANiGs and Wu, worker,
alitrunk and petio lien profil eS.cal ebars :a, 02S mm in 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34; b, O.l3 mm in 29
and 32.
Acrqpyga (Atqpod ojni)angxie nWAsNiGs and Wu almost straight, and gentl ydeclivit oPuest,iol ascrale in
(Fi g3.4) profi lwieth acute triangula rout line ,with dul]y angu]ate
dorsa lmargin; subpetiolar proces smostly produced
Acropyga (Atopodo nj)iangxie nWAsNiGs and Wu, 1992: ventrally at posterio pronion. Dorsa of.head and alitrunk
226, [parat eyxapmiened; RFBC] with a few short erect hairs B.ody pale yellow.
Specimen sexamined. China [paraty p1 ew]or:ker,
Diagnosis .Worker, HL O,54 mm; HW O.48 mm; SL Dali Shan, Fenyi ,Jiangxi ,11. ix .I989, J, WANG leg. ;1
O.38 mm; CI 88; SI 79; WL O,34 mm; PL O,12 mm; PH worker, Jianfenglin gH,ainan I. ,9. iv . 1998, J, R.
O,20 mm; TL 1,5 mm (on eparatyp meeasured). FELLowEs leg, ;3 workers, Dayaoshan G,uangxi, 18. ix.
Head in ful lface view longer than wide, with straight 1998, J, R, FELLowEs leg,
to slightly cencave posterior margin and paralle lsides. Distributio nC.hina (Jiang Gxuia,ngxi, Hainan I.).
Mandible with S teeth ,apical 4 triangular ;basa ltooth Remarks. This species is distinguish efdrom other East
large r,rectangular and apically truncate. Eye small, Asian species of subgenus Atqpedon, A. baodaoensis
consisting of 1 or 2 facet sAn,tenna with 11 articles; scape TERAyAMA from Taiwan, and A. nipponensis TERAyAMA
not reaching posteri omarrgin of head. Promesonotum from Japan by the weakly convex posterodors amlargin
convex in profil ep;osterodors aplortio nof propodeum and almost straight posterio mrargin of the propodeum,
very weakly convex; posteri omarrgin of propodeum
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30 M. Terayama et aL
105' E 120e E 13S' E 150' E
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@:Acropyga(1thizomynna)yunnanensis
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Fig .35.Distributio mnap of species of Acmpyga in Eas tAsia,
Acropyga (Atopod bninj)rponensis TERAyAMA leg. ;5 workers, Amami-oshima, Kagoshim aPref ,3,, vii,
(Fig s30.-33) 1983, M, TERAyAMA leg, ;l worker, Yoronjima,
Kagoshima Pref,,I5.iii.1980,M. TERAyAMA leg.;1

Acropyg a(Atopodo n)nilrponensis TERAyAMA, 1985: worker, Motobu-machi, Okinawajima, Okinawa Pref,,
[holotype
287. and paratype sexamined; NIAES] 10, i ,1983, K, KINoMuRA leg,
DistributionJ.apan(MikurajiIm.a,Shikoku,Kyvshu,

Diagnosis .Worker, HL O.60 mm; HW O.48 mm;,SL Yaku-shima I. ,Nansei ･Is.).
O,39 mm; CI 80; SI 81; WL O,53 mm; PL O.14 mm; PH Remarks. The nests are fbund in soil under stones or
O.25 mm; TL 1, 9mm (holot ymepaesured), rotten wood in broadleave dfores tisn Japa n(Fi g3.5) .A
Head in ful lfac eview longe rthan wide, with straight myrmecophilous mealybug, Eunrynuococcu snipponensis
postgrio mrargin and parall eslides ,Mandible with 5 teeth, TERAyAMA, 1986, live sin the nests, and the ants feed on
apical 4 triangular ;basal tooth large r,rectangular and it shoneydew (TERAyAM A1985, 1986.).
apically tmncate ,Eye small, consisting of 1 or 2 facets. Acknow]edgements

Antenna with 11 articles; scape not reaching posterior
margin of head. Promesonotum convex in profile; We would lik ete thank Drs, Z. Xu (Southw eFsortestry
propode aldorsur n convex; posterio rmargin of Colleg e,Yunnan) and K, MAsuKo (Sens huUniv,,
propodeum convex and steeply declivit oPuest,iola srcale Tokyo), and Messrs K, KINoMuRA (Gifu-s Sh.i K)u,BoTA
in profil ewith obtusely angulate dorsa l margin; (Tokyo) ,T. MIzuKAMJ (Tokyo )H., TAKAMINE (Naha-
subpetiolar proces slonge rthan high ,with convex ventral shi), M. LAu (Hon gKong), and the lat eDr, M. MoRIslTA
margin. Dorsa of head and alitru wnikth a few short erect for offering valuable material, and Drs. Y. HASHIMOTO
hairs ,Body pa]e yellow ;gaste rlighte rthan head and (Museu mof Nature and Human Activitie Hsy,ogo) and K.
alitrunk. KoNIsH I (Natio naIlnstit utofe Agro-Environmental
Specimen sexamined. Japan: Worker [holotypeSc]i,ences ,Tsukuba) ,and Mr. J. WANG (Resear Icnhstitute
Noboritach iM,ikurajima, Izu Is. T,okyo ,30. ii i1,980, K, of Forestry B,eljing )for examining one of the authors (M.
MAsuKo leg. ;9 workers [paraty peNosb]or,itachi, T.) the type material. The type specimens of the new
Mikuraljima ,Izu Is, ,Japan ,30, ii i.1980, K, MAsuKo Hong Kong species were collected during the fbllowing
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