Table Of Content

THE EARLY MONEY PAPER OP AMERICA I,../ .'... NEWMAN ERIC P. 'fVTtcJ*Ki I .>' J\J«V«i/>m/«J. Ji' c •*/J•<fi•l/»l''.s•/o. 'tltftffJ'»il/HiiiloynIlh,w—t rip’'"*/«/// P/-/Qffll/nrbr r.r. iha-hr Xirrii "(Tt/f/iU'lriitf/. Mn/t-mlr/,/. il.nT, to Bearet the v the r THE EARLY MONEY PAPER OF AMERICA ) OTHER NUMISMATIC WRITINGS OF ERIC NEWMAN P. Varieties ofthe Fugio Cent (1949) (1952) Studies on Money in EarlyAmerica (1976), editor What theAdoption ofthe Dollarasa MonetaryStandardStimulated The Official United States Circulating Currency of Robert Morris (1949) (1977) The 1776 Continental Currency Coinage (1952) More Synographic Numismatic Song Sheets (1978) First DocumentaryEvidenceoftheAmericanColonial Pewter 1/24th The Philadelphia Highway Coin Find (1978), co-author Real (1955) Comments on the CounterfeitingofSpanish Bitts and New England Coinage forColonial Virginia (1956) Shilling (1978) Poor Richard’s Mottoes for Coins (1956) Superb Numismatic ForgeriesAre Upon Us (1979) Franklin and the BankofNorth America (1956) SylvesterS. Crosby’s Heliotype Illustrations (1982) Counterfeit Continental Currency Goes to War (1957) Benjamin Franklin and the Chain Design (1983) A Recently Discovered Coin Solves a Vermont Numismatic Enigma Earliest Illustration of the 1776 Continental Currency Coinage (1958) (1984) The Secret ofthe Good Samaritan Shilling (1959) A Mysterious Paper Money Interlock between Canada and United The Machin’s Mills Mint nearNewburgh, NY (1959) States (1984) The Continental Dollar of1776 Meets its Maker (1959) Circulation ofPre-U.S. Mint Copper Coins in Nineteenth Century The Successful British Counterfeiting of American Paper Money America (1984) During theAmerican Revolution (1959) NewYorkCity Small Change Bills of1814-1816 (1985) The Source ofthe Nova Constellatio Copper Coinage (1960) The Earliest Money Using the Dollar as an Official Unit ofValue Rediscovery of the 1796 Washington President Piece (1961), co- (1986) author Two Curious Numismatic Coincidences (1986) Diagnosing the Zerbe 1804 and 1805 Dollars (1961) The Fantastic 1804 Dollar 25th Anniversary Follow-Up (1987), co- Legalized SwindlingSystem (1962) author Additions to Coinage for Colonial Virginia (1962) The Earliest Known Error on Federal Paper Money (1987), co- An Excited Mob Besieges the Philadelphia Mint Money Changers author (1962) Were Counterfeit British Style Halfpence Dated 1785 Made The Fantastic 1804 Dollar (1962), co-author Specifically forAmerican Use (1988) A Dangerous OakTree Shilling CopyAppears (1963) Earliest Illustration ofan Unknown 1804 U.S. Dollar (1990) A Snake Breeds a St. Patrick Farthing (1963) Shakespeare’s Fun with a Pun on Bunghole (1991) OakTree Shilling Forgeries: Comment and Rejoinder (1963) Heath’s Counterfeit Detectors (1991) Attitude One CenturyAgoToward Copies ofCoins (1964) Unusual Printing Features on Early American Paper Money (1992) Updating the Fantastic 1804 Dollar (1964) The EarliestAmerican Publications on Numismatics (1992) Auctori Plebis - ButWith NoAuthorityWhatsoever (1964) HalfPence Circulation Problems in Massachusetts in 1750 (1994) Nature Printingon Colonial and Continental Currency (1964) The Dollar Sign: Its Written and Printed Origins (1995) TheJames II 1/24th Real for the American Plantations (1964) A Restated Opinion on the Origin ofthe 1804 Dollar and the 1804 An ElephantToken Never Forgets (1965) Eagle Proofs (1995) Sources ofEmblems and Mottoes on Continental Currency (1966) The Promotion and Suppression of Hard LimesTokens (1995) Lessons in Modern DayCounterfeiting (1967) New Thoughts on the Nova Constellatio Private Copper Coinage A SurveyofNumismatic Research 1960-1965, United States (1967) (1996) TTie Mint of New Orleans (1968) Americanand English Foreign Exchange Broadsides HavingNo Date Circulation ofSt. Patrick HalfPence in America (1968) or Place ofIssue (1996) Keeping Up with 804 Dollar History (1970) A Counterfeiter’s Arrest Proves the Circulation of Massachusetts 1 Franklin Making Money More Plentiful (1971) Silver Shillings As Late As 1784 (1998) Morris BlazesTrail with Patterns (1972), co-author An UnusualAlteration ofa 1778 Virginia Bill (2001) Numismatic Humor on Civil War Patriotic Envelopes (1973) Daily Bread (2001) Benjamin Franklin’s Numismatic Accomplishments (1973) An American Numismatic Pamphlet Featuring the Execution of a Centennial Foreword and Bibliographical Appendix to Sylvester S. Counterfeiter (200 1 Crosby’sThe Early Coins ofAmerica (1974), revised (1983) An Unknown Counterfeit Coin Detector (2003) Illustrations ofNorth Missouri Railroad Advertising in the Form of 1781 Imitation British Counterfeit Halfpence Update (2006), co- Money (1974) author As Phony as aThree Dollar Bill (1974) A comprehensive Study of the 1785-dated Family of Imitation I)ifferences ofOpinion as to the “1Die Stress Detection” (1974) Halfpence (2006), co-author Currency Used for Postage Payment (1975) United States Fugio CopperCoinageof 1787 (2008) American Circulation of English and Bungtown Halfpence (1976) ’Ihe Designs for the Unknown Coinage of Carolina (1976) George Washington’s Unique 1792 Pattern in Gold (1976) THE EARLY PAPER MONEY OF AMERICA FIFTH EDITION by NEWMAN ERIC P. Stuart Levine, Valuation Editor An illustrated, historical and descriptive compilation of data relating to American paper currency from its concept in 1686 to the year 1800 supplemented , with current collector values encompassing emissions for the geographical area now constituting the United States of America by THE ENGLISH COLONIES 690- 776) ( 1 1 THE FRENCH COLONIES (1716-1 763) THE SPANISH COLONIES 763- 800) ( 1 1 THE UNITED COLONIES 775-1777) ( 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 777- 787) ( 1 1 INDIVIDUAL AMERICAN STATES 776-1788) ( 1 AMERICAN CITIES AND COUNTIES 774-1796) ( 1 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BANKS OF ISSUE 686- 800) ( 1 1 INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES, CHURCHES, etc. (1729-1800) ©2008 Krause Publications Published by krause publications Ah ImprintofF+WPublications 700 East State Street • Iota, Wl 54990-0001 715-445-2214 • 888-457-2873 www.krausebooks.com Our toll-free number to place an order or obtain a free catalog is (800) 258-0929. All rights reserved. No portion ofthis publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote briefpassages in a critical article or review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper, or electronically transmitted on radio, television, or the Internet. Library ofCongress Control Number: 2006930834 ISBN-13: 978-0-89689-326-9 ISBN-10: 0-89689-326-X Designed by Kara Grundman Edited by George Cuhaj, Randy Them Printed in China To my talented and charming wife Evelyn, , whose independent stream of creative ideas and accomplishments has continued to effervesce for our mutual enjoyment during my many years ofnumismatic research “Let us expel everySpecies ofLuxuryand Extravagance, - the Parents of Poverty and Ruin, - and banish the great cause of both - PAPER MONEY***” Letter to the Editor Boston Evening Post January 8, 1750 “It is not more absurd to attempt to impel faith into the heart of an unbeliever by fire and faggot, or to whip love into your mistress by a cow skin, than to force value or credit into your money by penal laws.” Peletiah Webster PoliticalEssays (1791) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 7 Historical Introduction 9 General Bibliography 34 (A specific bibliography follows each geographical area.) Symbols and Abbreviations 36 Color plates 37 Continental Currency and Federal Issues 61 Connecticut 89 Delaware 119 Florida 129 Georgia 130 La Louisiane 135 Maryland 167 Massachusetts 183 New Hampshire 223 New Jersey 247 New York 269 North Carolina 313 Northwest Territory 329 Pennsylvania 331 Rhode Island 371 South Carolina 405 Vermont 435 Virginia 437 Appendices: Sheet Structure 460 Counterfeits 464 Exchange Values (see also Introduction) 475 Revolutionary War Depreciation Tables 482 Franklin’s Explanation of “Nominal Money’’ 483 Indices: Printers, Engravers and Designers (see also Introduction) 486 Watermarks (see also Introduction) 487 Mottoes and Emblematic Legends (see also Introduction) 488