ebook img

The Early Modern Papacy: From The Council Of Trent To The French Revolution, 1564 1789 PDF

346 Pages·1999·16.114 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview The Early Modern Papacy: From The Council Of Trent To The French Revolution, 1564 1789

The Early Modern Papacy LONGMAN HISTORY OF THE PAPACY General Editor: A.D. Wright This ambitious new series will cover the history of the Papacy from early medieval times through to the present day in five substantial volumes. Each, written by a leading scholar in the field, is designed to meet the needs of students and general readers, as well as those of the specialist. Already published is: The Modern Papacy since 1789 Frank J. Coppa The Early M odern Papacy From the Council of Trent to the French Revolution, 1564-1789 A.D. Wright Routledge Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2000 by Pearson Education Limited Published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2000, Taylor & Francis. The right of A.D. Wright to be identified as the author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photo­ copying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treat­ ment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluat­ ing and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products li­ ability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instruc­ tions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN 13: 978-0-582-08747-7 (pbk) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Set in 10/12pt Bembo by 35 Contents General Editor’s Preface vii Preface viii Chronological Table ix 1 Introduction 1 An influential model 2 Papal office and Holy Office 11 An alternative view 13 Outside Italy 14 Further European contrasts 17 The non-Catholic world 19 Beyond Christian Europe 21 2 The Bishop of Rome 25 A Tridentine diocese 26 Conclaves 47 The popes’ background 52 Popes’ memorials 55 Pastoral tradition 59 3 Metropolitan initiative and provincial reaction 65 A provincial council 65 The college of cardinals 68 The Suburbicarian Sees 81 Benevento, Bologna and other dioceses 83 Avignon 86 Non-Romans 88 Popes and religious orders 91 4 Primatial leadership and Italian problems 102 An Italian primacy 104 The Roman Curia 111 v The Early Modern Papacy Cardinal Nephews 113 Milan 114 Italian conditions and foreign pressures 118 Galileo 127 External influence and Italian transformation 134 Papal resilience 137 5 Patriarchal authority in Western Europe and political obstacles 146 Rites and patriarchates 146 Bohemia 150 Utrecht 151 Conditions in the European states 153 A window of opportunity 171 France and Jansenism 172 The wider context 175 Long-term repercussions 185 6 The Supreme Pontiff 189 The Orthodox 189 Protestantism 191 Jewish communities 205 Islam 208 Overseas mission 212 7 ‘The Papal Prince’ 231 Papal sovereignty 232 Papal finance 234 Roman civic administration 245 The papal states: Bologna 258 Governing the papal states 263 8 Conclusion 271 The Tridentine papacy 271 A test-case: Pius V 272 Continued evolution 280 The image of papal Rome 284 The reality of papal authority 286 Further Reading 291 Select Bibliography 292 Glossary 310 Map 1: Italy in 1564 320-1 Map 2: Political divisions during the eighteenth century 322 Index 323 vi General Editor’s Preface As one millennium ends and another begins, according to the reckoning of the Christian tradition, the papacy probably remains as prominent as ever in the public mind, not only in Europe, East and West, but in the non-European world too. A work on the history of the papacy which presents to readers in English the most recent scholarship is thus timely. While shorter volumes, organized on a biographical basis, certainly exist, there has been lacking hitherto a more extended survey, covering the whole history of the papacy and origin­ ating in the English language. This series is thus intended to supply the defici­ ency. To achieve the greatest coherence of interpretation and argument which might reasonably be expected, an initial decision was taken that each volume should be written by a single scholar, expert in the period covered. Similarly, to ensure the best possible clarity of analysis, it was decided that all the authors should be scholars who naturally wrote in the English language, avoiding the difficulties which can arise from the need for translation. The series will exam­ ine in five volumes, of unequal chronological coverage, the history of the papacy from the earliest centuries of evidence for the bishopric of Rome to the close and consequences of the Second Vatican Council in the twentieth century, where the argument of the final volume concludes. Preface As the Introduction to this volume suggests, the period covered raises ques­ tions about the history of the papacy not only within the two and a quarter centuries treated here but also more widely over the whole evolution of the papal office. The dates chosen for this volume do not correspond precisely to the end dates of pontificates. For the argument of this work concerns the development of the papacy as affected by events of overwhelming influence, the conclusion at the end of 1563 of the Council of Trent and the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. In this volume it is argued that the impact of the decrees of the Council was indeed major, as far as the exercise of papal responsibilities was concerned. Yet the closure of the Council, while proving to be the prelude to a long period, until the later nineteenth century, in which no further General Council met, was for that very reason also the end of an era for the papacy. The popes since the beginning of the fifteenth century had had to fulfil their role alongside a sequence of such Councils, a sequence in that sense terminated at Trent. Thus in a series which is the history of the papacy, not of the Church as a whole, it seemed fruitful to approach the Council of Trent from a fresh perspective, allowing the third volume to review the whole period from the early fifteenth century to the Council of Trent inclusive. Similarly, the impact of the French Revolution on the exer­ cise of papal office was obviously vast, and therefore its outbreak was clearly of more importance than the subsequent death of the last pope of the eight­ eenth century, in whose pontificate the Revolution began. The epoch of papal history considered here was thus bounded by major events, rather than by biographical specifics. For reasons suggested in the Introduction, the volume is also organized on an analytic, not a biographical or chronological basis. Chronological Table December 1563 Conclusion of the Council of Trent 1559-65 Pius IV (de’ Medici) 1566-72 Pius V (Ghislieri) 1572-85 Gregory XIII (Buoncompagni) 1585-90 Sixtus V (Peretti) 1590 Urban VII (Castagna) 1590-91 Gregory XIV (Sfondrati) 1591 Innocent IX (Facchinetti) 1592-1605 Clement VIII (Aldobrandini) 1605 Leo XI (de’ Medici) 1605-21 Paul V (Borghese) 1621-23 Gregory XV (Ludovisi) 1623-44 Urban VIII (Barberini) 1644-55 Innocent X (Pamfili) 1655-67 Alexander VII (Chigi) 1667-69 Clement IX (Rospigliosi) 1670-76 Clement X (Altieri) 1676-89 Innocent XI (Odescalchi) 1689-91 Alexander VIII (Ottoboni) 1691-1700 Innocent XII (Pignatelli) 1700-21 Clement XI (Albani) 1721-24 Innocent XIII (Conti) 1724-30 Benedict XIII (Orsini) 1730-40 Clement XII (Corsini) 1740-58 Benedict XIV (Lambertini) 1758-69 Clement XIII (Rezzonico) 1769-74 Clement XIV (Ganganelli) 1775-99 Pius VI (Braschi) Summer 1789 Outbreak of the French Revolution

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.