The Early Iron Age in South Scandinavia: Social Order in Settlement and Landscape

452 Pages·2009·64.753 MB·English

by  Frands Herschend

OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY 46

Frands Herschend

The Early Iron Age
in South Scandinavia
Social Order in Settlement and Landscape
Frands Herschend, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Box 626, Uppsala University,
SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.

© Frands Herschend 2009

ISSN 1100-6358
ISBN 978-91-506-2117-4

Printed in Sweden by Edita Västra Aros, Västerås 2009
Contents
Foreword...................................................................................................................9
Chapter I The Human Landscape...........................................................................11
Introduction............................................................................................................13
Once a Lasting Relation...................................................................................18
The Arbitrary Date...........................................................................................20
Notes.........................................................................................................................23
Chapter II The Use of Graves.................................................................................31
Introduction............................................................................................................33
A Grøntoft Case...............................................................................................44
Graves as a Predicament..................................................................................48
In-Depth Examples..........................................................................................57
First Conclusion: Why are Graves Needed?..............................................117
Second Conclusion: (1) Cemetery Themes.................................................120
Second Conclusion: (2) The Decked-Out..................................................125
Notes......................................................................................................................128
Chapter III Ordering House and Settlement.......................................................137
Introduction..........................................................................................................139
The House as Remains..................................................................................142
The House as a Life Span..............................................................................156
Understanding Tacitus...................................................................................160
The House as a Balance.................................................................................171
Balance as a Common Notion......................................................................183
Summing up ‘Landscape’ and the Changing Settlement Order.............187
Notes......................................................................................................................193
Chapter IV Building Permanent Villages and Farms........................................199
Introduction..........................................................................................................201
In the Beginning of the Common Era........................................................202
Emancipation and the Economic Turn......................................................222
Vendehøj..........................................................................................................229
The New Dwelling Quarters, NDQ..............................................................236
The Hall............................................................................................................251
Præstestien.......................................................................................................260
The Eketorp Ringfort....................................................................................271
Conclusion.......................................................................................................278
Notes......................................................................................................................280
Chapter V Ordinary Communities........................................................................285
Introduction—the Ölandic Example................................................................287
The Siwan Example........................................................................................298
Qureishet-Zaitun.............................................................................................303
Öland and Siwa...............................................................................................322
Notes......................................................................................................................325
Chapter VI The Landscape of Warfare................................................................329
Introduction..........................................................................................................331
Warfare Offerings and Central Places.........................................................331
A Close-up of Fyn..........................................................................................340
The Geography of Conflict...........................................................................348
Maritime Warfare............................................................................................353
War on Land....................................................................................................361
Battlefield Preserved.......................................................................................364
The Hall at Uppåkra.......................................................................................369
Conclusion.......................................................................................................377
Notes......................................................................................................................381
Chapter VII Synthesis..............................................................................................387
Introduction—Two Settlement Landscapes....................................................389
Burial Landscapes...........................................................................................395
The Loss of Dynamics...................................................................................399
Landscapes of War.........................................................................................404
The Progress Made.........................................................................................406
Notes......................................................................................................................411

Bibliography..........................................................................................................413
Abbreviations
AMS = Arkeologisk museum Stavanger
AUD = Arkeologiske udgravninger i Danmark
AUN = Archaeological studies Uppsala university institute of North
European Archaeology
BA = Bronze Age 1800–500 bce
BCE = Before the Common Era
CE = The Common Era
CT = Chamber Trestle
DT = Dwelling Trestle
EIA = Early Iron Age
EM = Early Medieval
EBA = Early Bronze Age 1800–1000 BCE
EMA = Early Middle Ages
EMP = Early Migration Period 375–475 (PER. D1) CE
EPRIA = Early Pre-Roman Iron Age (PER. I and II) 500–150 BCE
ERIA = Early Roman Iron Age (PER. B) 0–150 CE
ET = Entrance Trestle
EVA = Early Viking Age
EVP = Early Vendel Period 550–675 CE
FRAM = Fra Museerne i Ringkøbing Amt
FOF = The topographical heritage archive Fund og Fortidsminder
http://www.dkconline.dk/
GOT- = Gothenburg Archaeology
ARC
HT = Hip Trestle
IA = Iron Age
ID = The intellectual fraud known as ‘Intelligent Design’
KVHAA = The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquity
LBA = Late Bronze Age
LIA = Late Iron Age 375–750 (MP and VP) CE
LIMC = Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae
LMP = Late Migration Period 475–550 ( PER. D2 and MA2) CE
LPRIA = Late Pre-Roman Iron Age (PER. III) 150–0 CE
LRIA = Late Roman Iron Age (PER. C)150–375 CE
LSA = Late Stone Age
LVA = Late Viking Age 900–1050 CE
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LVP = Late Vendel Period 675–750 CE
MA = Middle Age
MIV = Museerne i Viborg Amt
MP = Migration Period 375–550 (PER. D) CE
NDQ = The New Dwelling Quarters, a term signifying the dwelling
part of the main farm house during the LRIA and the MP.
OPIA = Occasional Papers in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology
and Ancient History. Uppsala University. Uppsala
PAULY = Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
PER = Period
RIA = Roman Iron Age (PER. B and C) 0–375 CE
RSS = The Relative Skovgårde Status core value
SA = Stone Age
SAU = Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis
SNB = Sognebeskrivelse, record of the archaeological monuments within
a given parish
UV = Uppdragsverksamheten. The unit for contract archaeology with
in the National Board of Antiquities in Sweden
VA = Viking Age 750–1050 CE
VP = Vendel Period 550–750 CE

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