The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall, 1867–1890

311 Pages·1975·29.21 MB·English

by  J. K. Whitaker (eds.)

The Early Economic Writings of
Alfred Marshall, 1867-1890
Volume l
Alfred Marshall about 1892
The Early Economic
Writings of Alfred
Marshall, 1867-1890
Edited and Introduced by
J: K. Whitaker
Professor of Economics
University of Virginia
Volume 1
M
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-1-349-02342-4 ISBN 978-1-349-02340-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02340-0
Alfred Marshall's writings C> Royal Economic Society 1975
Introduction, selection and editorial matter C> J. K. Whitaker
1975
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975 978-0-333-17130-1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without permission.
First Published 1975 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Associated companies in New York
Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras
SBN 333 17130 6
This book is sold subject
to the standard conditions
of the Net Book Agreement
Contents
Titles given by Marshall himself are in quotation marks
VOLUME I
Alfred Marshall, about 1892 frontispiece
Acknowledgements
XI
Introduction
Xlll
List of editions and brief titles used in citations of
frequently-cited works xvii
List of signed articles and books published by Alfred
Marshall during the years 1872-90, indicating the
most accessible reprinting xix
PART I THE EVOLUTION OF ALFRED MARSHALL'S
ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND WRITINGS OVER
THE YEARS I867-90
1.1 An outline of Marshall's career between I865
and I890 3
1.2 The formation of Marshall's economic doc-
trines, I867-73 37
1.3 The search for economic reality 52
1.4 The abandoned international-trade volume and
the Pure Theory 57
1.5 The Economics of Industry 67
1.6 Towards the Principles 83
1.7 Marshall's relations with Jevons and Walras 99
1.8 Marshall's aims and achievement m the
Principles I 07
~ ~ntmu
PART II EARLY EssAYS ON EcoNOMIC THEORY c.
1867-74
Il.l Introduction to Part II 117
II.2 Value
II.2.1 Essay on value 119
II.2.2 A note on joint and composite demand 160
II.3 Money
11.3.1 Essay on money 164
II.3.2 A mathematical note on the value of
money 176
11.4 Wages
11.4.1 Essay on Wages 178
II.4.2 'Allotments' 201
II .5 Profits
II.5.1 'The wages of superintendence' 205
II .6 Capital
11.6.1 Two notes on Mill's propositions on
capital 212
II.6.2 Four fragments on fixed capital 220
II.7 Rent
11.7.1 An exposition of Marshall's early rent
theory 224
11.7 .2 'Improvements in the arts of production,
labour and capital being stationary' 229
II.7.3 Essay on rent 239
II.7 .4 'Tithes' 250
II.8 International Trade
II.8.1 Essay on international trade 260
II.8.2 'Total utility of foreign trade' 279
II.8.3 'Absenteeism' 281
Index of Names for Volume 1 291
Index of Subjects for Volume 1 295
VOLUME 2
Introduction lX
PART III 'THE THEORY OF FOREIGN TRADE AND
OTHER PORTIONS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE
BEARING ON THE PRINCIPLE OF LAISSEZ
FAIRE'
III. I General introduction 3
Contents vii
111.2 'Foreign trade in its bearing on industrial and
social progress'
111.2.1 Introduction 7
111.2.2 Text of Part I, Ch. IV: 'Foreign trade
in its bearing on industrial and social
progress' 14
111.2.3 Text of Part I, Ch. V: 'Foreign trade
in its bearing on industrial and social
progress (continued)' 33
111.3 'Taxes on foreign trade for the purposes of
revenue'
III.3 .1 Introduction 62
III.3.2 Text of Part I, Ch. VI: 'Taxes on
foreign trade for the purposes of
M
re~n~'
III.4 'Protection to native industries'
III.4.1 Introduction 89
111.4.2 Text of a fragment of Part I, Ch. VII:
'Protection to native industries' 97
III.5 The pure theory of foreign trade
III .5 .1 Introduction 111
III.5.2 Text of The pure theory of foreign
trade ···
Ch. I: The scope of the pure theory
of foreign trade 117
Ch. II: The premises of the pure
theory of foreign trade. The
method of diagrams. The
fundamental laws of curves
which represent international
demand 129
Ch. III: Stable and unstable equilib-
rium of foreign trade 149
Ch. IV: Variations of international
demand as affecting the rate
of interchange. The incidence
of customs taxes 166
III.6 The pure theory of domestic values
III.6.1 Introduction 181
111.6.2 Text of The pure theory of domestic
values
Ch. I : Domestic values 186
Contents
V111
Ch. II: The total burden of a tax.
Consumers' rent 212
PART IV: MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON ECONOMIC
THEORY
IV.l Introduction 239
IV.2 Notes on other economists, c. 1868-81 240
IV.2.1 Annotations ofCournot 240
IV.2.2 On von Thiinen 248
IV.2.3 On Turgot 252
IV.2.4 On Adam Smith's treatment of rent 253
IV.2.5 On Adam Smith on the importation of
corn 255
IV.2.6 On Ricardo's discussion of bounties on
production 257
IV.2.7 On Ricardo on supply and demand 259
IV.2.8 On McLeod on value 261
IV.2.9 'Thornton on Labour' 262
IV.2.10 On Richard Jones 264
IV.2.11 The review of Edgeworth's Mathe-
matical Psychics 265
IV .3 Pages from a mathematical notebook, c. 1867-72 268
IV.3.1 Rent 269
IV .3 .2 Triangular barter 272
IV.3.3 'Wages' 275
IV.3.4 'Money' 277
IV.3.5 'Influence of taxation' 279
IV.3.6 'Tolls (and railway fares)' 281
IV.4 Miscellaneous notes on economic theory, c.
1873-87 283
IV.4.1 'Graphic representation by aid of
a series of hyperbolas of some
economic problems having reference
to monopolies' 283
IV.4.2 'Abstract theory of a general uniform
tax' 285
IV.4.3 On competitive equilibrium 302
IV.4.4 Notes on the theory of economic
growth 305
Contents IX
IV.4.5 'On utilitarianism: a summum bonum' 316
IV.4.6 A mathematicalnote on rent 319
IV .4.7 Fragments on marginal-productivity
theory 322
IV .4.8 Two mathematical notes on distribu-
tion 325
IV .5 Fragments for the Principles
IV.5.1 Three aides-memoire, 1881-86 332
IV .5 .2 On substitution in joint supply 336
PART V WIDER THEMES- SOCIAL THOUGHT AND
EcoNOMIC Poucv
V.l Introduction 341
V.2 'Fragments on trades unions'
V.2.1 Introduction 345
V.2.2 Text of'Fragments on trades unions' 346
V.3 'Some features of American industry'
V.3.1 Introduction 352
V.3.2 Text of 'Some features of American
industry' 355
V .4 Lecture notes on taxation, 1880
V.4.1 Introduction 377
V .4.2 Text of Lecture notes on taxation 379
V .5 'The pressure of population on the means of
subsistence'
V.5.1 Introduction 385
V .5 .2 Text of 'The pressure of population on
the means of subsistence' 387
Appendixes The Marshall papers and their editing 395
Explanatory list of editorial additions
and substitutions 398
Index of Names for Volume 2 401
Index of Subjects for Volume 2 403