The EAE Textbook of Echocardiography Online PDF
Preview The EAE Textbook of Echocardiography Online
The EAE Textbook of Echocardiography 00_Galiuto_FM.indd i 3/3/2011 3:28:54 PM This page intentionally left blank 00_Galiuto_FM.indd ii 3/3/2011 3:28:55 PM The EAE Textbook of Echocardiography Edited by Leda Galiuto (Editor-in-Chief) Luigi Badano Kevin Fox Rosa Sicari José Luis Zamorano 1 00_Galiuto_FM.indd iii 3/3/2011 3:28:55 PM 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox 2 6 dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © European Society of Cardiology, 2011 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriatere prographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Data available Typeset by Glyph International, Bangalore, India Printed in Spain on acid-free paper by Grafos SA ISBN 978-0-19-959963-9 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibilityor legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding. 00_Galiuto_FM.indd iv 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM Contents Contributors vii 12. Ischaemic heart disease 183 Petros Nihoyannopoulos and Fausto Pinto Symbols and abbreviations ix 1. The general principles of echocardiography 1 13. Stress echocardiography 197 Lauro Cortigiani and Eugenio Picano Madalina Garbi 14 Valvular heart disease 2. Transthoracic echocardiography 15 Miguel Ángel García Fernández and 14a Aortic valve disease 219 José Juan Gómez de Diego Raphael Rosenhek, Robert Feneck, and Fabio Guarracino 3. Three dimensional echocardiography 35 M. Monaghan and S. Adhya 14b Mitral valve disease 237 Patrizio Lancellotti, Julien Magne, Kim 4. Transoesophageal and intracardiac O’Connor, and Luc A. Pierard echocardiography 45 Christian Rost and Frank A. Flachskampf 14c Tricuspid and pulmonary valves 255 Ashraf M. Anwar and Folkert Jan ten Cate 5. Non-invasive haemodynamic assessment 63 Andrea Kallmeyer, José Luis Zamorano, 15. Replacement heart valves 271 G. Locorotondo, Madalina Garbi, José Juan Gómez John B. Chambers and Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde de Diego and Miguel Ángel García Fernández 16. Infective endocarditis 289 6. Quantifi cation of left ventricular function Gilbert Habib and Franck Thuny and synchrony using tissue Doppler, strain imaging, and speckle tracking 81 17. Cardiomyopathies 303 G. Karatasakis and G.D. Athanassopoulos Jens-Uwe Voigt 18. Cardiac involvement in systemic 7. Contrast echocardiography 99 diseases 327 L. Galiuto, R. Senior, and H. Becher Andreas Hagendorff 8. Assessment of systolic function 117 19. Pericardial disease 345 Alexandra Gonçalves, Pedro Marcos-Alberca, Bernard Cosyns and Bernard Paelinck Peter Sogaard, and José Luis Zamorano 9. Assessment of diastolic function 135 20. Tumours and masses 355 M.J. Andrade Maurizio Galderisi and Sergio Mondillo 10. Assessment of left atrial function 151 21. Diseases of the aorta 371 Arturo Evangelista and T. González-Alujas Río Aguilar-Torres 11. Assessment of right heart function 22. Adult congenital heart disease 387 G.P. Diller, A. Kempny, and H. Baumgartner and haemodynamics 165 Luigi P. Badano and Denisa Muraru 00_Galiuto_FM.indd v 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM vi contents 23. Perioperative echocardiography 413 25. Vascular imaging 447 R. Feneck and F. Guarracino Mónica M. Pedro and N. Cardim 24. Echocardiography in the emergency room 431 26. Quality assurance in echocardiography 463 Aleksandar N. Neškovic´ and K.F. Fox and B.A. Popescu Andreas Hagendorff Index 469 00_Galiuto_FM.indd vi 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM Contributors S. Adhya G.P. Diller Kings College Hospital, London, UK University Hospital Muenster, Germany Río Aguilar-Torres Cardiology Department, Hospital de Bellvitge, and Arturo Evangelista Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain Department of Cardiac Imaging, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona M.J. Andrade Department of Cardiology, Hospital R. Feneck Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK Ashraf M. Anwar Kevin F. Fox Department of Cardiology, Al-Husein University Imperial College, London, UK Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Frank A. Flachskampf G.D. Athanassopoulos Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Center, Greece Maurizio Galderisi Luigi P. Badano Division of Cardioangiology with CCU, Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Federico II University Hospital, H. Baumgartner Naples, Italy University Hospital Muenster, Germany L. Galiuto H. Becher Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Department of Cardiology, John Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Madalina Garbi N. Cardim North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal Trust, Cumberland Infi rmary, Carlisle, UK Folkert Jan ten Cate Miguel Ángel García Fernández Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Departamento de Medicina I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain John B. Chambers Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St José Juan Gómez de Diego Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain Lauro Cortigiani Alexandra Gonçalves Division of Cardiology, Lucca Hospital, Italy University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Bernard Cosyns T. González-Alujas Cardiology Department, Universitair Department of Cardiac Imaging, Hospital Ziekenhuis, Brussels, Belgium Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 00_Galiuto_FM.indd vii 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM viii contributors F. Guarracino Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium Cardiothoracic Department, University Bernard Paelinck Hospital of Pisa, Italy Cardiology Department, UZ Antwerp, Belgium Gilbert Habib Mónica M. Pedro Department of Cardiology, La Timone, Marseille, France Instituto Cardiovascular de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Andreas Hagendorff Eugenio Picano Department of Cardiology-Angiology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National University of Leipzig, Germany Research Council, Pisa, Italy Andrea Kallmeyer Luc A. Pierard Cardiovascular Institute, San Carlos Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium G. Karatasakis Fausto Pinto Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Center, Greece Department of Cardiology, University A. Kempny Hospital Sta Maria, Lisbon,Portugal University Hospital Muenster, Germany B.A. Popescu Patrizio Lancellotti ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium Raphael Rosenhek G. Locorotondo Department of Cardiology, Vienna General Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy Christian Rost Julien Magne University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, R. Senior Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium Department of Cardiology, Northwick Pedro Marcos-Alberca Park Hospital, Harrow, UK University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Peter Sogaard M. Monaghan Department of Cardiology, Aarhus King’s College Hospital, London, UK University Hospital, Denmark Sergio Mondillo Franck Thuny Department of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Department of Cardiology, La Timone, Marseille, France Denisa Muraru Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Divisions of Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Aleksandar N. Neskovic Jens-Uwe Voigt Cardiovascular Research Center, Dedinje Cardiovascular Department of Cardiology, Univserity Institute, Belgrade University Medical School, Yugoslavia Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Petros Nihoyannopoulos José Luis Zamorano National Heart and Lung Institute, UK University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Kim O’Connor Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, 00_Galiuto_FM.indd viii 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM Symbols and abbreviations E cross-reference CK creatine kinase (cid:2) additional DVD and online material CMR cardiac magnetic resonance M website CO cardiac output > greater than COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease < less than CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy 2D two-dimensional CT computed tomography 3D three-dimensional CW continuous wave A2C apical two-chamber view dB decibel A3C apical three-chamber view DBP diastolic blood pressure A4C apical four-chamber view DCM dilated cardiomyopathy A5C apical five-chamber view DTE time of deceleration of E wave AAA abdominal aorta aneurysm DVT deep venous thrombosis ACC American College of Cardiology EAE European Association of Echocardiography ACS acute coronary syndromes ECA external carotid artery A/D analogue to digital ECG electrocardiogram/electrocardiography AH arterial hypertension EDV end diastolic velocity AHA American Heart Association EF ejection fraction AoV aortic valve EMD endomyocardial disease AR aortic regurgitation EMEA European Medicines Agency AS aortic stenosis EOA effective orifice area ASD atrial septal defect EOAi effective orifice area indexed ASE American Society of Echocardiography ER emergency room AV atrioventricular EROA effective regurgitant orifice area AVA aortic valve area ESC European Society of Cardiology AVSD atrioventricular septal defect fps frame per second BMD Becker muscular dystrophy HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy bpm beats per minute HDDE high-dose dobutamine echocardiography BSA body surface area HF heart failure CABG coronary artery bypass graft HR heart rate CAD coronary artery disease Hz hertz CCA common carotid artery IABP intra-aortic balloon pump ccTGA congenitally corrected transposition of ICA internal carotid artery the great arteries ICE intracardiac echocardiography CD colour Doppler IE infective endocarditis CFDS colour-flow duplex scan IHD ischaemic heart disease CFR coronary flow reserve IMT intima–media thickness CI cardiac index IRA infarct-related artery 00_Galiuto_FM.indd ix 3/3/2011 3:28:57 PM
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