The Dyophysite Christology of Cyril of Alexandria (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae)

649 Pages·2009·3.2 MB·English

by  Hans van Loon

The Dyophysite Christology of Cyril of Alexandria
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
Texts and Studies of
Early Christian Life and Language
Editors
J. den Boeft – Bart D. Ehrman – J. van Oort
D.T. Runia – C. Scholten – J.C.M. van Winden
VOLUME96
The Dyophysite Christology
of Cyril of Alexandria
by
Hans van Loon
LEIDEN•BOSTON
2009
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Loon,Hansvan.
ThedyophysitechristologyofCyrilofAlexandria/byHansvanLoon.
p.cm.--(SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae;v.96)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
ISBN978-90-04-17322-4(hardback:alk.paper)1.JesusChrist--Historyofdoctrines--Early
church,ca.30-600.2.Cyril,Saint,PatriarchofAlexandria,ca.370-444. I.Title.
BT198.L662009
232’.8092--dc22
2008055903
ISSN 0920-623X
ISBN 9789004173224
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CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................. xiii
Abbreviations .......................................................... xv
Introduction............................................................ 1
ChapterOne.AimandRelevance.................................... 15
1.1. TheAim oftheStudy ........................................... 15
1.1.1. Various Viewpoints....................................... 15
1.1.2. RefinementoftheStudy’s Aim .......................... 21
1.2. TheStudy’s Relevance........................................... 22
1.2.1. HistoricalRelevance...................................... 22
1.2.1.1. TheCouncilofEphesus(431)................... 23
1.2.1.2. TheCouncilofChalcedon(451)................ 24
1.2.1.3. TheMiaphysiteTheologiansoftheFifthand
SixthCenturies .................................. 29
1.2.1.4. The‘Neo-Chalcedonian’Theologiansofthe
FifthandSixthCenturies ....................... 30
1.2.2. EcumenicalRelevance ................................... 43
1.2.3. DogmaticRelevance...................................... 47
1.2.3.1. KarlRahner..................................... 49
1.2.3.2. PietSchoonenberg .............................. 54
1.2.3.3. GeorgEssen ..................................... 56
1.2.3.4. AloysGrillmeier ................................. 58
1.3. Conclusion ....................................................... 59
ChapterTwo.CyrilofAlexandria’s UseofAristotelianLogic ...... 61
2.1. Introduction...................................................... 61
2.2. CyrilofAlexandria andAncientPhilosophy ................... 62
2.2.1. VaryingAssessments...................................... 62
2.2.2. AncientLogic............................................. 65
2.2.3. ChristianAuthorsandAristotelianLogic ............... 66
2.3. AristotleandLogic............................................... 70
2.3.1. TheCategories.............................................. 70
vi contents
2.3.2. TheTopics................................................. 76
2.3.3. TheMetaphysics ........................................... 80
2.4. PorphyryandLogic.............................................. 84
2.4.1. CommentaryonAristotle’sCategories.......................... 84
2.4.2. Isagoge...................................................... 88
2.5. CyrilofAlexandria andLogic................................... 93
2.5.1. LogicinContext.......................................... 94
2.5.2. Cyril’sGraspofLogic.................................... 98
2.5.3. Thesaurus,ChapterIII ....................................104
2.5.4. Thesaurus,ChapterXI....................................106
2.5.5. DialoguesontheTrinityII...................................114
2.5.6. DialoguesontheTrinityIVandVII ........................119
2.6. Conclusion .......................................................121
ChapterThree.MeaningsandMetaphysicsintheTrinitarian
Writings ................................................................123
3.1. Introduction......................................................123
3.2. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α .............................................................124
3.2.1. DialoguesontheTrinityI....................................124
3.2.2. TheTrinitarian Writings.................................127
3.3. (cid:7)Υπ(cid:10)στασις ........................................................137
3.4. Φ(cid:15)σις .............................................................143
3.4.1. Φ(cid:15)σιςand(cid:16)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α ..........................................143
3.4.2. RuthM.Siddals’s Dissertation...........................152
3.4.3. Jacques Liébaert’s Ladoctrinechristologique ................157
3.4.4. ChristologyandSoteriology .............................171
3.4.5. Summary .................................................178
3.5. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν ........................................................179
3.6. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς,(cid:24)δι(cid:16)ν,(cid:25)δι(cid:10)της ..............................................185
3.7. Conclusion .......................................................189
ChapterFour.ComparisonofInterpretations........................193
4.1. Introduction......................................................193
4.2. Small-CapitalTerms.............................................193
4.2.1. DefinitionoftheSmall-CapitalTerms ..................193
4.2.2. Cyril’sTerminologyandMetaphysicsbefore429.......202
4.3. Christological‘Models’or‘Themes’............................205
4.3.1. RichardA.Norris ........................................205
4.3.2. RuthM.Siddals ..........................................207
4.3.3. ThomasG.Weinandy....................................209
contents vii
4.3.4. Discussion.................................................211
4.4. Various Interpretations ..........................................220
4.4.1. JosephLebon .............................................221
4.4.2. MartinJugie ..............................................230
4.4.3. JosephvandenDries.....................................233
4.4.4. AloysGrillmeier ..........................................235
4.4.5. TheEcumenical ConsultationsbetweentheEastern
OrthodoxandtheOrientalOrthodox ..................237
4.4.5.1. JohannesN.Karmiris ...........................238
4.4.5.2. JohnS.Romanides ..............................238
4.4.6. JohnA.McGuckin .......................................239
4.4.7. GudrunMünch-Labacher ...............................242
4.4.8. BernardMeunier.........................................243
4.4.9. StevenA.McKinion .....................................246
4.4.10.Overview..................................................248
4.5. Conclusion .......................................................248
ChapterFive.TheFirstYearoftheNestorianControversy.........251
5.1. Introduction......................................................251
5.2. SelectedWritings.................................................252
5.2.1. ABriefHistory ...........................................252
5.2.2. DisputedWritings ........................................258
5.2.3. TheWritings tobeInvestigated .........................261
5.3. OntheIncarnation..................................................262
5.3.1. SummaryoftheContents................................263
5.3.2. Terminology ..............................................268
5.3.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α.............................................268
5.3.2.2. (cid:7)Υπ(cid:10)στασις........................................269
5.3.2.3. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................271
5.3.2.4. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν........................................277
5.3.2.5. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................279
5.3.3. Christology................................................282
5.4. FestalLetter 17 .....................................................290
5.4.1. SummaryoftheContents................................291
5.4.2. Terminology ..............................................293
5.4.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α,(cid:27)π(cid:10)στασις,πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν....................293
5.4.2.2. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................294
5.4.2.3. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................299
5.4.3. Christology................................................299
5.5. LettertotheMonks..................................................303
viii contents
5.5.1. SummaryoftheContents................................303
5.5.2. Terminology..............................................308
5.5.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α,(cid:27)π(cid:10)στασις,πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν....................308
5.5.2.2. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................308
5.5.2.3. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................311
5.5.3. Christology................................................312
5.6. SeveralLettersfrom429.........................................316
5.6.1. TotheAccusers (ep.8) .......................................316
5.6.2. TotheApocrisiaries (ep.10)..................................317
5.6.2.1. SummaryoftheContents.......................317
5.6.2.2. TerminologyandChristology ..................318
5.6.3. ToaDevoteeofNestorius (ep.9)..............................320
5.6.4. ToAcaciusofBeroea (ep.14).................................320
5.6.5. FirstLettertoNestorius (ep.2) ...............................322
5.7. FestalLetter 18.....................................................323
5.7.1. SummaryoftheContents................................323
5.7.2. TerminologyandChristology............................325
5.8. SecondLettertoNestorius (ep.4).....................................326
5.8.1. SummaryoftheContents................................327
5.8.2. Terminology..............................................328
5.8.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)αand(cid:27)π(cid:10)στασις............................328
5.8.2.2. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν........................................330
5.8.2.3. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................331
5.8.2.4. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................332
5.8.3. Christology................................................333
5.8.4. Nestorius’sResponse .....................................334
5.9. Conclusion .......................................................336
ChapterSix.ContraNestorium..........................................339
6.1. Introduction......................................................339
6.2. SummaryoftheContents.......................................341
6.2.1. BookI.....................................................341
6.2.2. BookII....................................................347
6.2.3. BookIII...................................................354
6.2.4. BookIV...................................................360
6.2.5. BookV....................................................365
6.3. Terminology......................................................370
6.3.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α......................................................370
6.3.2. (cid:7)Υπ(cid:10)στασις.................................................372
6.3.3. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν.................................................377
contents ix
6.3.4. Φ(cid:15)σις ......................................................381
6.3.5. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς ......................................................393
6.3.6. (cid:28)ΕνωσιςandΣυν !εια ....................................395
6.3.7. Σ#$σις......................................................396
6.4. Christology.......................................................398
6.4.1. AttributingtheSayings...................................403
6.4.2. Metaphysics...............................................406
6.4.2.1. TheScentedFlower.............................408
6.4.3. Soteriology................................................410
6.5. Conclusion .......................................................414
ChapterSeven.OtherWritings fromtheYear430 ..................419
7.1. Introduction......................................................419
7.2. OratioadTheodosium ..............................................419
7.2.1. AComparisonwithOntheIncarnation....................419
7.2.2. Terminology ..............................................425
7.2.3. Christology................................................428
7.3. Oratioaddominas ..................................................433
7.3.1. SummaryoftheContents................................433
7.3.2. Terminology ..............................................440
7.3.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α.............................................440
7.3.2.2. (cid:7)Υπ(cid:10)στασις........................................442
7.3.2.3. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν........................................442
7.3.2.4. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................446
7.3.2.5. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................450
7.3.2.6. OtherTerms.....................................451
7.3.3. Christology................................................452
7.4. Oratioadaugustas..................................................454
7.4.1. SummaryoftheContents................................454
7.4.2. Terminology ..............................................461
7.4.2.1. (cid:2)(cid:3)σ(cid:5)α.............................................461
7.4.2.2. (cid:7)Υπ(cid:10)στασις........................................462
7.4.2.3. Πρ(cid:10)σωπ(cid:16)ν........................................463
7.4.2.4. Φ(cid:15)σις.............................................465
7.4.2.5. (cid:21)Ιδι(cid:16)ς .............................................470
7.4.2.6. OtherTerms.....................................471
7.4.3. Christology................................................473
7.5. CyrilandRome..................................................475
7.5.1. LettertoCelestine (ep.11) ....................................475
7.5.2. MemorandumtoPosidonius (ep.11a) .........................476