The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems: Proceedings of the 40-Year Jubilee Symposium of the Finnish Limnological Society, held in Helsinki, Finland, 6–10 August 1990 PDF
Preview The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems: Proceedings of the 40-Year Jubilee Symposium of the Finnish Limnological Society, held in Helsinki, Finland, 6–10 August 1990
The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems Developments in Hydrobiology 79 Series editor H. J. Dumont The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems Proceedings of the 40-Year Jubilee Symposium of the Finnish Limnological Society, held in Helsinki, Finland, 6-10 August 1990 Edited by Veijo IImavirta and Roger 1. Jones Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols. 243/244 (1992) Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Dynamics and use of lacustrine ecosystems : proceedings of the 40 years jubilee symposium of the Finnish Limnological Society, held in Helsinki, Finland, 6-10 August 1990 I edited by V. Ilmavirta and R.I. Jones. p. cm. -- <Developments in hydrobiology ; 79) "Reprinted from hydrobiologia vol. 243/244 (1992). Includes index. ISBN 978-94-010-5218-4 ISBN 978-94-011-2745-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007 /978-94-011-2745-5 1. Limnology--Congresses. 2. Lake ecology--Congresses. 3. Water quality management--Congresses. 1. Ilmavirta, V. II. Jones, R. 1. III. Suomen limnologinen yhdistys. IV. Series. OH96.A1D96 1992 574. 5' 26322--dc20 92-34896 Printed an acid1ree paper All Rights Reserved © 1992 Springer Science+ B usiness Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992 No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner. v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Trends in Finnish limnology during 1940-1989 by J. Sarvala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 WATER AND SOCIETY Clean water: a fading resource by R. G. Wetzel .............................................................. 21 Uses, abuses and management of lakes and rivers by B. Moss .................................................................. 31 BACTERIAL AND MICROBIAL PROCESSES Extracellular enzymes in a small polyhumic lake: origin, distribution and activities by U. MUnster, J. Nurminen, P. EiniO and J. Overbeck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Significance of bacterial ectoenzymes in aquatic environments by R. J. Chrost ............................................................... 61 Kinetics of amino acids mineralization by a pond sediment bacterial community by B. Montuelle, P. Kestemont and A. Chalamet .................................. 71 Microbial ecology of planktonic filamentous phototrophic bacteria in holomictic freshwater lakes by C. A. Abella and L. J. Garcia-Gil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Population dynamics of phototrophic bacteria in three basins of Lake Banyoles (Spain) by L. J. Garcia-Gil and C. A. Abella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE Estimating photosynthetically available radiation into open and ice-covered freshwater lakes from surface characteristics; a high transmittance case study by S. J. Bolsenga and H. A. Vanderploeg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Phosphorus transformations in the epilimnia of small humic forest lakes by R. I. Jones ................................................................ 105 Differential luxury phosphate response of planktonic algae to phosphorus removal by G. Bolier, M. C. J. de Koningh, J. C. Schmale and M. Donze .................... 113 Temporal changes in biomass specific photosynthesis during the summer: regulation by environ mental factors and the importance of phytoplankton succession by D. C. Pierson, K. Pettersson and V. Istvanovics ................................ 119 Spatial changes of phytoplanktonic size spectra in Lake Biwa by R. Tsuda, M. Kumagai and Y. Kakui ......................................... 137 Phytoplankton and submerged macrophytes in the aquatic ecosystems of the Danube Delta during the last decade by A. Vadineanu, S. Cristofor and G. Ignat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141 Phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure after nutrient additions to the oligotrophic Lake Hecklan, Sweden by H. Olsson, P. Blomqvist and H. Olofsson ..................................... 147 VI PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY FLOWS Respiratory electron transport system (ETS) - activity of the plankton and sediment in Lake Balaton (Hungary) by L. G.-T6th ................................................................ 157 Population dynamics of Bosmina longirostris (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe by H. M. Masundire .......................................................... 167 Plankton ecology in an ice-covered bay of Lake Michigan: utilization of a winter phytoplankton bloom by reproducing copepods by H. A. Vanderploeg, S. J. Bolsenga, G. L. Fahnenstiel, J. R. Liebig and W. S. Gardner. 175 The role of zoobenthos in energy flow in deep, oligotrophic Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland by C. Lindegaard ............................................................. 185 Life history of Corophium curvispinum G. O. Sars (Crustacea, Amphipoda) living on macrophytes in Lake Balaton by I. B. Musk6 ............................................................... 197 FISH AND FISHERIES Experimental estimation of the food intake of larval vendace (Coregonus alhula L.) under field conditions by J. Karjalainen and M. Viljanen .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203 Food, growth, habitat, and community interactions of young-of-the-year burbot, Lota Iota (Linn.), in a Precambrian Shield lake by R. A. Ryder and J. Pesendorfer .............................................. 211 The response of bur bot (Lota Iota) to change in lake trout (Salve linus namaycush) abundance in Lake Opeongo, Ontario by L. M. Carl ................................................................ 229 Demography of spawning grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the Beaverlodge River, Alberta by L. M. Carl, D. Walty and D. M. Rimmer ...................................... 237 An evaluation of the quality of fall-fingerling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) released to natural lacustrine nursery areas in Newfoundland, Canada by V. A. Pepper, T. Nicholls and N. P. Oliver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Trophic state and its implications for natural reproduction of salmonid fish by R. Moller ................................................................. 261 Ecological release in feeding behaviour: the case of bluegills in Japan by M. Azuma ................................................................ 269 Whitefish stocking in acidified lakes: ecological and physiological responses by M. Rask, P. J. Vuorinen, J. Raitaniemi, M. Vuorinen, A. Lappalainen and S. Peuranen 277 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TROPHIC LEVELS Can ecological theory be used to improve water quality? by Z. M. Gliwicz ............................................................. 283 Indirect effects of fish community structure on submerged vegetation in shallow, eutrophic lakes: an alternative mechanism by C. Bronmark and S. Weisner ................................................ 293 Regulation of the development and species dominance of summer phytoplankton in Lake Vesijarvi: predictability of enclosure experiments by J. Keto, J. Horppila and T. Kairesalo ......................................... 303 vii Effects of fish density on planktonic communities and water qUality in a manipulated forest pond by I. J. Holopainen, W. M. Tonn and C. A. Paszkowski ............................ 311 Impacts of bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) on water quality, sedimentation and internal nutrient loading by J. Horppila and T. Kairesalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 323 MONITORING AND MODELLING Lacustrine profundal meiobenthos as an environmental indicator by J. Sarkka ................................................................. 333 Mass balance models for elongated lakes by T. Frisk .................................................................. 341 Transport processes in a sound of a large lake by J. Virta, A.-R. Elo and K. Pulkkinen .......................................... 351 The benthic boundary layer approach and its application to Lake Paijanne, Finland by T. Huttula ................................................................ 359 Interpretation of mixed sediment profiles by means of a sediment-mixing model and radioactive fallout by P. H. Kansanen and J. Seppala .............................................. 371 Evaluation of a model-based method for designing water quality observations by J. Kettunen, H. Sirvio and O. Varis ......................................... " 381 WATER POLLUTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT The effects of reduced phosphorus and nitrogen loading on phytoplankton in Mondsee, Austria by M. T. Dokulil and A. Jagsch ................................................. 389 Changes in water quality in Lake Paijanne following decrease of effiuent load from the pulp and paper industry in 1969-1989 by K. E. Granberg ............................................................ 395 Reproductive success of Coregonus species in areas loaded by effiuents from paper mills by L. Hakkari and P. Bagge .................................................... 405 Effects of paper mill effiuents on the fish fauna of stony shores of Lake Paijanne by P. Bagge and L. Hakkari .................................................... 413 The eutrophication of shallow coastal lakes in southwest England - understanding and recommen dations for restoration, based on palaeolimnology, historical records, and the modelling of changing phosphorus loads by P. E. O'Sullivan ............................................................ 421 The conservation status of athalassic lakes in New South Wales, Australia by B. V. Timms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 435 Effects of waterfowl on water quality by G. Gere and S. Andrikovics ................................................. 445 Organic matter in the River Krutynia (Masurian Lakeland, Poland) by S. Radwan, R. Kornij6w and C. Kowalczyk ................................... 449 Effects of forest clear-cutting and soil disturbance on the biology of small forest brooks by A.-L. Holopainen and P. Huttunen ........................................... 457 The effects of forest clear-cutting and scarification on the water quality of small brooks by M. Ahtiainen .............................................................. 465 Total organochlorine and organobromine in Finnish water courses by P. K. G. Manninen and E. Hasanen .......................................... 475 Vlll Concluding remarks I. Limnology now and in the future by R. G. Wetzel .............................................................. 481 Concluding remarks II. A Finnish perspective by V. Ilmavirta ............................................................... 487 Subject index ..................................................................... 489 Hydrohiologia 243/244: ix, 1992. V. Ilmavirta & R. I. Jones (eds). The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems. IX Preface In 1980 the Finnish Limnological Society organised a 3D-year Jubilee Symposium entitled 'Lakes and Water Management', the proceedings of which were published in 1982 as Developments in Hydrobiology Volume 7. The theme of that symposium was the application of fundamentallimnological research to the practical management offresh waters. Ten years later the Finnish Limnological Society celebrated its 40th Anniversary with another international symposium entitled 'The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems'. The meeting, held at the Viikki Campus of the University of Helsinki, was attended by some 200 persons from 26 different countries. The Symposium held 10 years previously had attracted delegates from only 7 countries, and the remarkable increase in international participation over the intervening decade perhaps reflects the increasing involvement of Finnish limnology on the international stage. The Symposium had the endorse ment of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (SIL), and Finnish membership of SIL is certainly one of the highest per unit of population amongst the countries affiliated to SIL. This high profile for limnology within Finland is perhaps not surprising in view of the very large number of lakes in the country and the importance of these freshwater resources in its economy and cultural tradition. That limnology commands unusually wide public attention in Finland is demonstrated by the publicity given to the symposium by the media, with several newspaper articles as well as radio and television reports. Such public awareness of the value of limnology is, of course, to be welcomed. Nevertheless, Finland has a relatively small population and limited scientific resources. It is therefore vital that active coopera tion and exchange of ideas between Finland and the international limnological community should be promoted by every possible means. A symposium of this kind, together with the proceedings which follow from it, is one very important means of achieving such promotion. This volume contains a wide range of papers selected from those presented at the symposium. All papers have been reviewed, and the Editors wish to record their thanks to the reviewers, and particularly to the session chairmen who took on much of the burden of reviewing papers. V.ILMAVIRTA R.1. JONES Hydrobiologia 243/244: 1-19, 1992. V. Ilmavirta & R.I. Jones (eds), The Dynamics and Use of Lacustrine Ecosystems. 1 © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Trends in Finnish limnology during 1940-1989 Jouko Sarvala Department of Biology, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland Key words: review, biological limnology, applied limnology, ecosystem studies, experimental limnology, paleolimnology, Finland Abstract The volume of limnological research in Finland has considerably expanded during recent decades, es pecially in the 1970s, with elevated funding and improved study facilities. Projects have become larger, the publication has intensified and has been increasingly directed to refereed international journals. The number of aquatic scientists has increased, new university centres have been established and old ones developed. Government research institutes dealing with aquatic resources have been founded and de veloped. Applied limnology developed rapidly during the 1960s, with a heavy bias towards physical and chemical limnology, as reflected in the extensive water quality monitoring programs started by the water authorities during that decade. Basic hydrobiological research was revived in the early 1970s with the first truly integrated lake ecosystem study in Finland on the energy flows in Lake PIHijarvi; several other ecosystem studies were completed later. The early work in the 1970s was largely descriptive, but later projects in the 1980s (e.g. studies on the food chains in small humic lakes and on the effect of nutri ents on the pelagic carbon cycle in the Baltic Sea) have adopted a more experimental approach. Other important study fields developed during the 1970s and 1980s were paleolimnology and ecosystem modelling. Research on the effects of airborne acidification started in the 1980s. The artificial gap be tween applied and basic limnology is narrowing: water managers are starting to realize the importance of ecological interactions. Introduction both in the watercourses and in the limnological activities. My presentation is based on an exhaus As is natural for a country of nearly 200000 lakes tive survey of 5290 limnological papers published (Raatikainen & Kuusisto, 1990) and a long Bal by Finnish scientists during 1940-1989. It in tic Sea coastline, limnological studies in Finland cludes brackish-water research with emphasis on have long traditions. In his opening address to the the biological oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Jubilee Symposium of the Finnish Limnological Unlike that of Luther, it includes fisheries biology, Society in 1980, Luther (1982) reviewed the first but excludes hydrology, which in Finland tradi half century of Finnish limnology, stopping his tionally has a firm connection with geophysics general survey at the year 1940. In this paper I and water resources engineering. The papers have will review the subsequent half a century of Finn been classified according to the type of publica ish limnology (l940-1989). The five decades fol tion, the employment of the author, and the con lowing 1940 have brought tremendous changes, tents of the paper.
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