The Dynamic Sun: Proceedings of the Summerschool and Workshop held at the Solar Observatory, Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten, Austria, August 30-September 10, 1999

322 Pages·2001·40.928 MB·English

by  Bernhard Fleck (auth.), Arnold Hanslmeier, Mauro Messerotti, Astrid Veronig (eds.)

THE DYNAMIC SUN
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
VOLUME 259
EDITORIAL BOARD
Chairman
W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
[email protected]
Executive Committee
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht,
The Netherlands
MEMBERS
1. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany
1. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A.
P. BERTOLA, Universitd di Padova, Italy
J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
C.1. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway
R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JlLA, Boulder, U.S.A.
P. O. MURDIN, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, U.K.
F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia
R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A.
N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
THE DYNAMIC SUN
Proceedings of the Summerschool and
Workshop held at the Solar Observatory,
Kanzelhohe, Austria,
Kărnten,
August 30-September 10, 1999
edited hy
ARNOLD HANSLMEIER
Institute for Geophysies,
Alfrophysics alU! Meteomlogv,
Unh'ersify of Gra::., AIIIlria
MAURO MESSEROTII
Trie,I'le AHrO/lOmical Ob.\en"alOn, Itah
and
ASTRlD VERONIG
bwifUie for Geophysics,
ASlmphysics and Meleorolo/iY,
UnivefIity of Gr az, Al/siria
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. CataJogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-3826-3 ISBN 978-94-010-0760-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0760-3
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
OriginalLy published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2001
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
v
Table of Contents
Pr'eface IX
List of Participants xi
Invited Lectures
Highlights from SOHO and Future Space Missions
B. Fleck 1
Solar Instrumentation
O. von der Luhe 43
Solar Activity Monitoring
M. M esserotti 69
Space Weather and the Earth's Climate
N.B. Crosby 95
Solar Magnetohydrodynamics
R. W. Walsh 129
The Navier-Stokes Equations and their Solution:
Convection and Oscillation Excitation
M.P. Rast 155
Solar Polarimetry and Magnetic Field Measurements
J. C. del Toro Iniesta 183
Contributed Papers
High-Resolution Solar Imaging Using Blind Deconvolution
K. Hartkom 211
The Trieste Solar Radio System: A Surveillance Facility
for the Solar Corona
M. Messerotti, P. Zlobec, M. Comari, C. Dainese,
L. Demicheli, L. Fomasari, S. Padovan and L. Perla 215
Deconvolutions and Power Spectra of Solar Granulation
K.N. Pikalov and A. Hanslmeier 219
Computational Methods Concerning the Solar Granulation
W. Piitzi, A. Hanslmeier and P.N. Brandt 223
Solar Activity Monitoring and Flare Alerting
at Kanzelhohe Solar Observatory
M. Steinegger', A. Veronig, A. Hanslmeier,
M. Messerotti and W. Otruba 227
vi
Analytical Modeling of Composed Cylindrical
Magnetic Structures in the Corona
V.M. Cadei, A. Debosscher, M. Messerotti
and P. Zlobec 231
Physical Conditions in Solar Coronal Holes
on the Base of Non-LTE Calculations
E. Malanushenko and E. Baranovsky 235
X-Ray Limb Flares with Plasma Ejections
K. Mikurda, R. Falewicz and P. Pres 239
Coincidences between Magnetic Oscillations
and Ha Bright Points
P.P. Moretti, A. Cacciani, M. Messerotti,
A. Hanslmeier and W. Otruba 243
Chromospheric Dynamics as can be Inferred from
Sumer ISOHO Observations
J. Rybak, A. Kucera, W. Curdt, U. Schiihle
and H. Wohl 247
Formation of Coronal Shock Waves
B. Vrsnak 251
Onset of Metric and Kilometric Type II Bursts
B. Vrsnak 255
Observations of NOAA 8210 Using MOF and DHC
of Kanzelhohe Solar Observatory
A. Warmuth, A. Hanslmeier, M. Messerotti,
A. Cacciani, P.P. Moretti and W. Otruba 259
On the Rigid Component in the Solar Rotation
R. Brajsa, V. Ruidjak, B. Vrsnak, H. Wohl,
S. Pohjolainen and S. Urpo 263
The Location of Solar Oscillations in the Photosphere
A. Hanslmeier, A. Kucera, .1. Rybak and H. Wohl 267
High Resolution Observations of a Photospheric Light Bridge
J. Hirzberger, A. Hanslmeier, J.A. Bonet
and M. Vazquez 271
Phases of the 5-min Photospheric Oscillations
above Granules and Intergranular Lanes
E. V. Khomenko 275
A Photometric and Magnetic Analysis of the Wilson Effect
M. Steinegger, .l.A. Bonet, M. Vazquez
and V. Martinez Pillet 279
VB
Modeling VIRGO Spectral and Bolometric Irradiances
with MDI Data
M. Steinegger, A. Hanslmeier, W. Otruba,
P.N. Brandt, Z. Eker, C. Wehrli and W. Finsterle 283
Generated Langmuir Wave Distribution of an
Electron Beam Group
C. Estel and G. Mann 287
Magnetoacoustic Surface Waves at the Base of
the Convection Zone
C. Foullon and B. Roberts 291
Small-Scale Magnetic Elements in 2-D
N onstationary Magnetogranulation
A.S. Gadun and S.K. Solanki 295
Multi-Mode Kink Instability as a Mechanism
for a-Spot Formation
M.G. Linton 299
A Numerical Method for Studies of
3D Coronal Field Structures
Z. Romeou and T. Neukirch 303
Numerical Modeling of Transition Region Dynamics
L. Teriaca and J. G. Doyle 307
The Effect of Azimuthal Magnetic Field on the
Magnetostatic Models of Sunspots
P.B. Tiwari 311
Comparison of Local and Global Fractal
Dimension Determination Methods
A. Veronig, A. Hanslmeier and M. Messerotti 315
A uthor Index 319
IX
Preface
This book contains the proceedings of the Summerschool and Work
shop The Dynamic Sun held from August 30th to September 10th, 1999,
at the Solar Observatory Kanzelhohe, which belongs to the Institute of
Geophysics, Astrophysics and Meteorology of the University of Graz,
Austria.
This type of conference was the second one held at Kanzelhohe and was
again very successful in bringing together experts from specialized topics
in solar physics and young scientists and students from different countries.
Seven series of lectures were given by invited lecturers, experts in the rele
vant fields and twenty-seven contributions were presented at the workshop
by the participants. The scientific topics addressed covered a wide range
of subjects, from solar magnetohydrodynamics to the physics of the outer
solar atmosphere and from a detailed description of the SORO mission to
the space weather.
The selection of the Kanzelhohe Solar Observatory located in Central
Europe, Austria, was quite successful, as, on the one hand, it favored the at
tendance of colleagues from the former Eastern countries and, on the other
hand, it permitted to present new instrumental developments to the inter
national scientific community, such as the installation of a solar monitoring
system at Kanzelhohe.
On behalf of the organizing committee and all the participants, we wish
to thank the following organizations and companies for their financial sup
port: The Austrian Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung,
Land Karnten, Land Steiermark, European Space Agency (ESA), Markt
gemeinde Treffen, University of Graz, Trieste Astronomical Observatory,
Ostreicher Company, Creaso Company. We also acknowledge the Univer
sity of Trieste and its Department of Astronomy for having accorded their
scientific sponsorship to the initiative.
Graz, December 2000
Arnold Ranslmeier, Mauro Messerotti and Astrid Veronig
Xl
List of Participants
BAUER Gunter, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
BENSBY Thomas, Lund, Sweden ([email protected])
BOBERG Fredrik, Lund, Sweden ([email protected])
BRAJSA Roman, Zagreb, Croatia ([email protected])
BRUNNER Gerd, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
CROSBY Norma, Noordwijk, The Netherlands ([email protected])
ESTEL Cornelia, Potsdam, Germany ([email protected])
FLECK Bernhard, Greenbelt, USA ([email protected])
FOULLON Claire, St. Andrews, UK ([email protected])
GADUN Aleksey, Kiev, Ukraine ([email protected])
GONZI Siegfried, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
HANSLMEIER Arnold, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
HARTKORN Klaus, Freiburg, Germany ([email protected])
HIRZBERGER Johann, Gottingen, Germany ([email protected])
HUBER Klaus, Graz, Austria, ([email protected])
KHOMENKO Elena, Kiev, Ukraine ([email protected])
KUCERA Ales, Tatranska Lomnica, Slowakia ([email protected])
LINTON Mark, Washington, USA ([email protected])
von der LUHE Oskar, Freiburg, Germany ([email protected])
MALANUSHENKO Elena, Crimea, Ukraine ([email protected])
MESSEROTTI Mauro, Trieste, Italy ([email protected])
MIKURDA Katarzyna, Wroclav, Poland ([email protected])
MORETTI Pier Francesco, Rome, Italy ([email protected])
OTRUBA Wolfgang, Kanzelhohe, Austria ([email protected])
PIKALOV Konstantin, Kiev, Ukraine ([email protected])
POTZI Werner, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
PUSCHMANN Klaus, La Laguna, Spain ([email protected])
RAST Mark P., Boulder, USA ([email protected])
ROMEOU Zaharenia, St. Andrews, UK ([email protected])
RUZDJAK Vladimir, Zagreb, Croatia ([email protected])
RYBAK Jan, Tatranska Lomnica, Slowakia ([email protected])
SANCHEZ CUBERES Monica, La Laguna, Spain ([email protected])
STEINEGGER Michael, Big Bear, USA ([email protected])
TERIACA Luca, Armagh, UK ([email protected])
TIWARI Prithu Bharti, Bangalore, India ([email protected])
del TORO INIESTA Jose Carlos, Granada, Spain ([email protected])
VERONIG Astrid, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
VRSNAK Bojan, Zagreb, Croatia ([email protected])
WALSH Robert, St. Andrews, UK ([email protected])
WARMUTH Alexander, Graz, Austria ([email protected])
HIGHLIGHTS FROM SOHO AND FUTURE SPACE MISSIONS
BERNHARD FLECK
ESA Space Science Department, NASA/GSFC Mailcode 682.3
Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA ([email protected])
Abstract. The Solar and Reliospheric Observatory (SORO) has provided
an unparalleled breadth and depth of information about the Sun, from its
interior, through the hot and dynamic atmosphere, out to the solar wind.
Analysis of the helioseismology data from SORa has shed new light on a
number of structural and dynamic phenomena in the solar interior, such as
the absence of differential rotation in the radiative zone, subsurface zonal
and meridional flows, sub-convection-zone mixing, a possible circumpolar
jet, and very slow polar rotation. Evidence for an upward transfer of mag
netic energy from the Sun's surface toward the corona has been established.
The ultraviolet instruments have revealed an extremely dynamic solar at
mosphere where plasma flows play an important role. Electrons in coronal
holes were found to be relatively "cool", whereas heavy ions are extremely
hot and have highly anisotropic velocity distributions. The source regions
for the high speed solar wind has been identified and the acceleration pro
files of both the slow and fast solar wind have been measured. This paper
tries to summarize some of the most recent findings from the SORa mission.
Present plans for future solar space missions are also briefly discussed.
Key words: Sun, Solar Interior, Solar Corona, Solar Wind, SORa
1. Introduction
SORO, the Solar and Reliospheric Observatory, is a project of international
cooperation between ESA and NASA to study the Sun, from its deep core
to the outer corona, and the solar wind (Domingo et al., 1995). It carries a
complement of twelve sophisticated instruments, developed and furnished
by twelve international PI consortia involving 39 institutes from fifteen
countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,
A. Hanslmeier et al. (eds.). The Dynamic Sun. 1-41.
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.