The Dragon, the Lion & the Eagle : title: Chinese-British-American Relations, 1949- 1958 American Diplomatic History author: Zhai, Qiang. publisher: Kent State University Press isbn10 | asin: 0873384903 print isbn13: 9780873384902 ebook isbn13: 9780585234328 language: English United States--Foreign relations--China, China--Foreign relations--United States, Great Britain--Foreign relations--China, China--Foreign relations--Great Britain, subject United States--Foreign relations--1945- 1953, United States--Foreign relations- -1953-1961, G publication date: 1994 lcc: E183.8.C5Z42 1994eb ddc: 951.05 United States--Foreign relations--China, China--Foreign relations--United States, Great Britain--Foreign relations--China, subject: China--Foreign relations--Great Britain, United States--Foreign relations--1945- 1953, United States--Foreign relations- -1953-1961, G Page i The Dragon, the Lion, & the Eagle Page ii A D H MERICAN IPLOMATIC ISTORY Lawrence S. Kaplan, Editor Aftermath of War: Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 19451952 Howard B. Schonberger The Twilight of Amateur Diplomacy: The American Foreign Service and Its Senior Officers in the 1890s Henry E. Mattox Requiem for Revolution: The United States and Brazil, 19611969 Ruth Leacock American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance edited by Lawrence S. Kaplan The Diplomacy of Pragmatism: Britain and the Formation of NATO, 19421949 John Baylis Uses of Force and Wilsonian Foreign Policy Frederick S. Calhoun The Dragon, the Lion, and the Eagle: Chinese-British-American Relations, 19491958 Qiang Zhai Page iii The Dragon, the Lion, & the Eagle Chinese / British / American Relations, 19491958 Qiang Zhai Page iv © 1994 by The Kent State University Press Kent, Ohio 44242 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 93-36348 ISBN 0-87338-490-3 Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zhai, Qiang, 1958 The dragon, the lion, and the eagle: Chinese-British- American relations, 19491958 / Qiang Zhai. p. cm.(American diplomatic history) Revision of thesis (Ph. D.)Ohio University, 1991. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87338-490-3 (cloth: alk.) 1. United StatesForeign relationsChina. 2. ChinaForeign relations United States. 3. Great BritainForeign relationsChina. 4. ChinaForeign relationsGreat Britain. 5. United StatesForeign relations19451953. 6. United StatesForeign relations19531961. 7. Great BritainForeign relations1945. 8. ChinaHistory19491976. I. Title. II. Series. E183.8.C5Z42 1994 93-36348 951.05dc20 CIP British Library Cataloging-in-Publication data are available. Page v To Hui and Ye Page vii Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 6 Perception and Alliance: The CCP's Foreign Policy in 1949 2 28 Perception and Recognition: Anglo-American Policies in 1949 3 46 Controversy over Tibet, 19491950 4 65 Outbreak of the Korean War, 1950 5 89 Effects of the Korean War, 19501952 6 113 Conclusion of the Korean War, 19521953 7 133 Settlement of the Indochina Crisis, 1954 8 153 First Offshore-Island Crisis, 19541955 9 178 Second Offshore-Island Crisis, 1958 Conclusion 208 Notes 217 Bibliography 249 Index 277 Page ix Acknowledgments This study had its origins in my doctoral dissertation completed at Ohio University in 1991. I am greatly indebted to several members of the faculty of that institution. First of all, I owe particular thanks to John Lewis Gaddis. As dissertation adviser, he supervised my research and writing. A disciplined scholar, incisive critic, and keen analyst, he provided me with immeasurable guidance and insight. As participants on my dissertation committee, Alonzo L. Hamby, Donald A. Jordan, and Stephen M. Miner suggested ways to improve the style and content of my work. To them, I am grateful. I also wish to thank Charles C. Alexander, Robert H. Whealey, and Lyle A. McGeoch of Ohio University for their encouragement and assistance during my study there. My fellow graduate students, Mark Benbow, Derrick Smith, and Philip Nash, also helped me in various ways. In revising my dissertation for publication, I benefited from the advice of many friends. Drawing on his own familiarity with the subject, William Stueck of the University of Georgia made many helpful suggestions for revisions. Michael H. Hunt of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill read a portion of my manuscript and provided a thoughtful critique that reflected his vast knowledge of the subject. Chen Jian and Wang Xi have my appreciation for sharing Chinese material with me. The Auburn University at Montgomery History Department has provided me with the most excellent intellectual and personal company that a historian could ask for. I wish to record my gratitude to Mr. and Mrs. David Wallbridge for their hospitality during my stay in London while researching in the Public Record Office. The staffs of libraries and archives which I visited in the course of my research were extremely helpful in furthering my work. For financial assistance that supported my
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