The Disorders: Specialty Articles from the Encyclopedia of Mental Health PDF
Preview The Disorders: Specialty Articles from the Encyclopedia of Mental Health
This Page Intentionally Left Blank Specialty Articles from the Encyclopedia of Mental Health Editor-in-Chief HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN Department of Psychology University of California, Riverside ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK BOSTON LONDON SYDNEY TOKYO This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Compilation copyright (cid:14)9 2001 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001088682 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-267805-2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 01 02 03 04 05 06 QW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents About the Editor-in-Chief vii Disorder (ADHD) 83 Preface ix Russell A. Barkley and How to Use This Reference xi Gwenyth H. Edwards Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders 97 Deborah Fein, LeeAnne Green, and Lynn Waterhouse Agoraphobia Geoffrey L. Thorpe Borderline Personality Disorder 107 Alcohol Problems 15 Jerome Kroll Melanie E. Bennett and William R. Miller Classifying Mental Disorders: Alzheimer's Disease 27 Nontraditional Approaches 117 Mark W. Bondi and Kelly L. Lange Theodore R. Sarbin and Ernest Keen Amnesia 45 Conduct Disorder 131 John F. Kihlstrom and Elizabeth L. Glisky Alan E. Kazdin Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa 57 Dementia 147 Melissa Pederson Mussell John L. Woodard and James E. Mitchell Dependent Personality 169 Antisocial Personality Disorder 65 Robert F. Bornstein Robert G. Meyer, Daniel Wolverton, and Sarah E. Deitsch Depression 177 Rick E. Ingram and Christine Scher Anxiety 75 Nader Amir and Michael J. Kozak Dissociative Disorders 187 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Richard P. Kluft vi Contents DSM-IV 209 Posttraumatic Stress 337 John J. B. Allen Lisa H. Jaycox and Edna B. Foa Epilepsy 223 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) 347 Henry A. Buchtel Katharina Dalton Gambling 235 Psychopathology 357 Douglas Carroll and Frank F. Eves Keith S. Dobson and Dennis Pusch Mental Retardation and Mental Health 243 Sharon A. Borthwick-Duffy Schizophrenia 367 Jason Schiffman and Elaine Walker Mood Disorders 259 Charles DeBattista, H. Brent Solvason, Sexual Disorders 379 and Alan F. Schatzberg Ronald M. Doctor and Bryan Neff Narcissistic Personality Disorder 271 Somatization and Hypochondriasis 393 Salman Akhtar Javier I. Escobar and Michael A. Gara Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 277 Substance Abuse 403 Randy O. Frost and Gail Steketee Thomas Ashby Wills Panic Attacks 291 Suicide 417 Richard J. McNally Ronald W. Maris Paranoia 301 Allan Fenigstein Encyclopedia of Mental Health Executive Personality Disorders 311 Advisory Board 431 Robert G. Meyer Contributors 433 Phobias 323 George A. Clum and Greg A. R. Febbraro Index 437 About the Editor-in-Chief HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN is Distinguished Professor Social Science Citation Index. His books include two of Psychology at the University of California, River- textbooks, Health Psychology and Personality; three side. He also holds an adjunct appointment as Clini- edited scholarly volumes; and the authored compre- cal Professor at the University of California, San hensive analysis titled The Self-Healing Personality. Diego Medical School. Dr. Friedman attended Yale Dr. Friedman's research centers around the relations University, graduating magna cum laude with honors of mental and physical health, with a special focus in psychology. He was awarded a National Science on expressive style. He has taught undergraduates, Foundation graduate fellowship at Harvard Univer- graduate students, medical students, and postdocs. sity, where he received his Ph.D. Professor Friedman has received the career Out- Professor Friedman is a thrice-elected Fellow of the standing Contributions to Health Psychology Award American Psychological Association and an elected from the Health Psychology Division of the Ameri- Fellow of the Society of Behavioral Medicine and the can Psychological Association. He also received the American Association for the Advancement of Sci- Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of ence (AAAS). Friedman is author of many influential California, Riverside, and the Outstanding Teacher scientific articles in leading journals and was named Award from the Western Psychological Association. a "most-cited psychologist" by the publishers of the ViIoI This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface A number of scientific and intellectual trends have the need for efficacious treatments. Fourth, we now converged to change our understanding of mental emphasize primary mental health promotionmthe health. Conceptions of mental health and mental dis- structural, environmental, family, and cultural context orders have broadened significantly to take into ac- of mental health. Fifth, the best scholars now recognize count new knowledge about the genetic, biological, meaningful variations across ages, genders, cultures, developmental, social, societal, and cultural nature of families, and societies. That is, to understand fully and human beings. Our award-winning Encyclopedia of improve significantly a person's mental health, we need Mental Health was the first to bring together these to know not only about that person's biological and emerging trends in one resource, and now the contri- personal makeup, but also about his or her age, family, butions primarily relevant to assessment and to the work, and position in society. mental disorders are being made more accessible to those who desire a more concise and focused refer- ence work. CONTENTS What are these mental health trends affecting our understanding of the disorders? First, our under- This volume on mental disorders thus encompasses standing has moved well beyond the artificial nature- various levels of analysis, from the molecular and bio- nurture dichotomy. We know more and more about logical, through the social and family, to the cultural. the biological underpinnings of mental states and We have therefore included coverage of key topics not behavior, but we also better understand how these bio- traditionally found in such a reference work. We of logical tendencies unfold in a family, social, and cul- course include topics such as depression, conduct dis- tural environment. Second, we have moved beyond the order, mood disorders, panic attacks, personality dis- old "mental" versus "physical" ("mind versus body") orders, schizophrenia, phobias, and somatization and dichotomies. To a greater extent than previously imag- hypochondriasis. But we also examine such impor- ined, there is a strong reciprocal relation between our tant matters as alcohol problems, Alzheimer's disease, health and activity and our cognitions, moods, and anorexia and bulimia, premenstrual syndrome, gam- mental well-being. Third, the experts increasingly rec- bling, substance abuse, suicide, and attention deficit/ ognize the complementary importance of prevention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Also of note is that and treatment. A simple model of treating mental "dis- methodological issues receive attention throughout, ease" is often ultimately futile without associated pre- including chapters on DSM-W and on nontraditional vention efforts, yet prevention cannot sensibly ignore approaches to classifying mental disorders.
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