The discovery of the genus Ecnomios mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in China, with description of a new species

4 Pages·2003·1.1 MB·

by  Chen Xuexin

PROC.ENTOMOL.SOC.WASH.
105(2). 2003.pp. .US-351
THE DISCOVERY OF THE GENUS ECNOMIOS MASON (HYMENOPTERA:
BRACONIDAE) IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
XuEXiN Chen and J. B. Whitfield
(XC) Institute ofApplied Entomology, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou 310029, China
& Department ofEntomology, University of Illinois, 320 Monill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin
Ave., Urbana, IL61801, U.S.A.;(JBW)DepartmentofEntomology, UniversityofIllinois,
320 Morrill Hall. 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A. (e-mail: jwhitfie@
life.iiiuc.edu)
—
Abstract. A new species of braconid wasp, Ecnomiosflaviis. is described. It repre-
sents the first record ofthe genus Ecnomios Mason as well as the subfamily Ecnomiinae
in China.
Key Words: Ecnomios. new species. Braconidae. China
The rare genus Ecnomios was first de- subfamily was reported from Korea, with
scribed by Mason (1979) from Papua New only the type species known (Park and
Guinea with the type species E. papuensis Achterberg 1994). The biology ofthe sub-
Mason 1979. Thirteen years later a second family is unknown.
species of this genus was described from Mason (1979) originally placed his new
Australia by Austin and Wharton (1992) genus Ecnomios in the tribe Orgilini Foers-
and, in 1993, another two species were re- ter 1862 (now subfamily Orgilinae), al-
ported from Vietnam by Belokobylskij though more recent research suggests it
(1993). Achterberg (1995) provided a key may belong to the "microgastroid lineage"
to the species of Ecnomios with descrip- (Quicke and Achterberg 1990). The most
tionsofanadditional three speciesfromIn- prominent shared character with this line-
donesia. Currently seven species ofthe ge- age is the largeplical cell ofthe hind wing,
nus have been described with an obvious with a distinct cleft distally. A large plical
Indo-Australian distribution before this cell appears to be plesiomorphic within the
study. Hymenoptera (Quicke and van Achterberg
When the first author visited the Shang- 1990), but in phylogenetic analysis within
hai InstituteofEntomology, AcademiaSin- Braconidae (Quicke and van Achterberg
icain2000,afemalespecimenofEcnomios 1990, Whartonetal. 1992), itspresenceap-
was encountered, and further examination pears as a reversal. Other possible synapo-
proved it to be a new species. It represents morphieswiththemicrogastroidlineageare
the first record ofthe genus Ecnomios Ma- the shape of the first discal cell of fore
son as well asofthe subfamily Ecnomiinae wing, the comparatively long fore spur, the
in China. absence of the lateral carina ofthe mesos-
The subfamily Ecnomiinae was erected cutum, and the position ofvein SRI ofthe
by Achterberg (1985) to hold the aberrant fore wing. The vertical position of vein r,
genus Ecnomios. A second genus, Korec- the oblique vein 1-CUl, the comparatively
nomios Park and Achterberij 1994. of this slenderfirstdiscalcell andthereducedvein
VOLUME 103. NUMBER2
2-1A of the fore wing suggest some rela- Mesosoina: Length of mesosoma 2.0
tionship to the subfamily Dirrhopinaewith- times its height; side ofpronotum coarsely
in the microgastroid lineage. Autoapomor- crenulate anteriorly and posteriorly, restal-
phies of the Ecnomiinae within the micro- mostsmooth; precoxal sulcusnarrow,cren-
gastroid lineage are the anteriorly wide ulate-rugose, anteriorly absent, rest of me-
pronotum, the short labial palp (in compar- sopleuron smooth, shiny; metapleuron
ison with the maxillary palp), and the sin- coarsely rugose; notauli shallow but dis-
uate vein 2-M of hind wing. It is to be tinct,rugose,joininginabroad,distinctand
hoped that suitable material of this group rugose area posteriorly before scutellar su-
will become available to allow analysis of ture, with a medio-longitudinal carina in
DNA sequence data, to test these possible thisrugosearea; mesoscutumotherthanno-
relationships further in the context of ex- tauli largelysmoothwithsetae;scutellarsu-
panding understanding of braconid, espe- ture with 5 carinae; scutellum flat and
cially microgastroid, phylogeny (WhitHeld smooth, glabrous, without lateral carina;
1997, Belshaw et al. 1998, Dowton and propodeum completely rugose with a dis-
Austin 1998, Whitfield 2002). tinct transverse carina in posterior half,
The morphological (includingwingvein) forming a pairoflatero-posteriortubercles.
terminology usedinthispaperfollowsAch- Wings: Fore wing: lengthofpterostigma
lerberg (1993). 1.2 times vein 1-Rl, 2.5 times its width; r:
3-SR+SRl: 2-SR: m-cu = 14:73:18:17;
Eciioiniosflaviis Chen and Whitfield, 2-CUl much lowerthanM+CUl; SRI sin-
new species uate; 1-CUl: 2-CUl = 13:20, l-CUl:cu-a
(Figs. 1-4) = 13:6. Hind wing: M-HCU: 1-M: Ir-m =
— 36:18:15; base of SR unsclerotised; 2-
Female. Body length 2.7 mm, fore SC-I-R much shorter than Ir-m, nearly
wing length 2.4 mm. quadrate.
Color: Brownishyellow, metasomaafter Legs: Hind coxa with some distinct ca-
first tergite light brown; palp pale yellow; rinae anteriorly, rest largely smooth; all tar-
antenna brownish yellow, apical halfdark- sal claws simple and rather slender; length
er; legs yellowish: pterostigma brown, pale offemurand basitarsus ofhind leg4.3 and
basally; veins unpigmented. 5.6 times their width, respectively; length
Head: Antennal segments 24, length of ofhind tibia 1.25 times hind tarsus; length
first flagellar segment 1.5 times second fla- ofhindtibial spurs0.57and0.39timeshind
gellar segment, first, second and penulti- basitarsus; basitarus and second tarsal seg-
mate flagellar segments 2.3, 1.7 and 1.6 ment with a distinct ventral carina.
times their width, respectively, apical seg- Metasoma: Length of first tergite 0.8
ment with a spine; occipital carina com- times its apical width, distinctly and line-
plete; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times arly widened apically, its surface coarsely
heightofhead; length ofeye in dorsal view rugose, weakernearapical margin where is
1.7 times temple; temple strongly and almostsmooth, itsdorsalcarinaabsent;sec-
rounded behind eyes, smooth; OOL: OD: ond and following tergites smooth; second
POL = 10:10:11; frons smooth and slightly suture absent; length of ovipositor sheath
concave medially; face with a wide medio- 0.8 times hind basitarsus, 0.08 times fore
longitudinal ridge, nearly smooth with long wing; ov—ipositor sheath glabrous.
setae, its width 1.7 times its height, as long Male. Unknown. —
as height ofeye; clypeus distinctly convex, Material examined. Holotype, 9. Chi-
smooth, its width about 2 times its height; na: Yunnan, Hekou, Xiaonanxi, 1956.vi.7,
length ofmalarspace 1.7 times basal width Huang Keren, kept in Shanghai Institute of
of mandible. Entomology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai.
PROCEEDINGSOFTHEENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
Figs. 1-4. Ecnomiosfiaviis. holotype. 1.Wings.2.Head,dorsalview.3.Head,frontalview.4.Mesoscutum.
dorsalview.
VOLUME IOS.NUMBER2 351
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Etymology. The .specific name "fla- Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea).
ms" refers to the body color of the new ZoologischeVergandelingenLeiden283: 1-189.
species b—eing almost completely yellowish. rac.on1i9n9a5e..CNeenwocotealxiainoafe.thEecosunbofmaimiinlaiee.sHBoetmvolloob--
Notes. Thisnewspeciesrunstocouplet binae, and Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconi-
6 in the key ofAchterberg (1995). but can dae) from East Indonesia. Zoologische Medede-
be separated from the most closely similar lingen,Leiden69: 307-328.
species,EcnomioscaophongiBelokobylskij Austin, A. D. andR. A.Wharton. 1992.Newrecords
of subfamilies, tribes and genera of Braconidae
1993 inhavingthevein 1-CUl offorewing (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Australia, with de-
much longer, almost 2.2 times vein cu-a scriptionofsevennewspecies.Transactionsofthe
(1.2 times in E. caophongi): vein 2-SC+R RoyalSocietyofSouthAustralia 116: 41-65
of hind wing shorter, nearly quadrate (dis- Belokobyskij,S. A. 1993.Newtaxonomicdataonthe
braconidfauna(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)ofVi-
tinctly longitudinalinE. caophongi);notau- etnam. Russian Entomological Journal 2(2): 37-
li more distinct with a broad joining area 67.
posteriorly (notauH very shallow and ru- Belshaw, R.. M. Fitton. E. Herniou. C. Ginieno. and
gulose, joining in a small and weakly reti- D.L.J.Quicke. 1998.Aphylogeneticreconstruc-
culo-puctateareaposteriorly inE. caophon- otinonthoefDt2hevIacrihanbeluemroengoiiodneoaf(2H8ySmerniobpotseormaal)RbaNsAe.d
gi), face smooth with a broad medio-lon- SystematicEntomology 23: 109-123.
gitudinal ridge (this area much naiTower in Dovvton. M.andA.D.Austin. 1998.Phylogeneticre-
E. caopliongi). and hind femur more slen- lationships among the microgastroid wasps (Hy-
der, 4.3 times as long as wide (3.5 times in m1e6nSopatnedra2:8SBrraDcoNnAidagee)ne:s.coMmolbeicnueldaranPahlyylsoigsenoyf
E. caophongi). andEvolution 10: 354-366.
Mason. W. R. M. 1979. A new genus and speciesof
Acknowledgments Orgilini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from New
Guinea. ProceedingsofEntomologicalSocietyof
The first author thanks Dr Haisheng Washington81:640-644.
Ying for his hospitality during his stay at Park.J.S.andC.vanAchterberg. 1994.Anewgenus
the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, ofthesubfamilyEcnomiinaevanAchterberg(Hy-
menoptera: Braconidae)from Korea.Zoologische
Shanghai, and forthe loanofthe specimen. Mededelingen.Leiden68:49-54.
We thank C. van Achterberg (Leiden, the Quicke. D. L. J. and C. van Achterberg. 1990. Phy-
Netherlands) and S. A. Belokobylskij (St. logeny ofthe subfamilies ofthe family Braconi-
Petersburg, Russia) for reviewing the first dae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologis-
draft. The project was panly supported by Wharcthoen,VeRr.gaAn.d.elSi.ngRe.n.SLheaiwd.enM.258J:. S1h-a9r5.key. D. B.
the National Scientific FoundationofChina Wahl.J.B.Woolley.J.B.Whitfield,RM.Marsh,
(NSFC number: 39970099) to the first au- andW.Johnson. 1992.Phylogenyofthesubfam-
thor. iliesofthefamilyBraconidae(Hymenoptera:Ich-
neumonoidea): areassessment.Cladistics8: 199-
235.
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