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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ‘The Discovery of India JAWAHARLAL NEHRU The Discovery of India OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ‘OXFORD. NEW YORK (© ae Gana 985 Sieh imprenion 1994 nd yabied by Stl OBeen, Osord Valery Fro ‘yaaa Baliga Sing Hoe, New Dela 11001 To my coleegu ‘Abmadaagar Fort Prison ‘rom 9 August 1942 fo 28 Marek 1945 My father's tree books — Glimpses of Word History, An Autobioginy and The Discovery of Inia — have been my Companions through life. It Ie difficult to be detached about them. Tadeed Glimpses was! writen for me. It remains the best inerodaction tothe story of man for young and growing people in Indin and all over the world, The Autobiography bas been ‘celnimed ts not merely the quest of ove individual for fre om, but as an insight into the ‘making of the mind of new India. Thad to correct the proofe of Dacoery while my fa Tiunpe! The Diecvay delves deep ilo the soureer of Is futloel personality. Together, these books have moulded Whole generation of Indians and inspired persons from many ‘other countries, Books fascinated Jawaharlal Nehru, He ought ost idee. inevitability 6 parilpant reflected the 14 of the actions and events In which he wat 4 pr He wae « luminous man and bit writ of his spirit ‘The decision of the Jawaharlal Nebra Memorial Fund to bring out «uniform ition of these three classics will be widely” weleomed. Gandhi ‘Now Dats £ November 1980 PREFACE This book was writen by me in Akmadnagar Fort prison during the five months, April to September 1944, Some of my colleagues ada, it responsible for what I have ites or necessarily agrees with {t But T must express my deep fatide to my fellow-prsoners ia Abmadnogar Fort for the Inoomerable talks and discussions we had, which helped me reatly to clear my own mind about various arpects of Indi Bistory aud culture. Prison isnot pleasant place to live fn even for s short periog, much less for long years, But it was a privilege for me 10 lve in close contst with men of oatstanding sity My eleven companions in Abmednagar Fort were an interesting cross-section of India and represented in thle several ways not nly polities but Indian scholarship, old and new, and various Aspects of present-day India. Neatly all the principal living to draw upon and the only limitation was my owe capacity to profit by it Though I am grateful tall my companions, I should Tike to mention especially Maulean Abul Kalam Azad, whose vast erudition invariably delighted me but sometimes also rather overwhelmed me, Govind Ballabh Pant, Narendra Deva. and nd some parts of i ate slteady somewhat out of date, bas happened since I wrote it Ihave felt tempted to add AWARARLAL ERD revise, but I have resisted the temptation, Indeed 1 could aot have done otherwise for life outside prison is of a different texture and there is no leisure for thought or writing. Ichas Been Aiticut enough for me to read atin what I have written, T ‘rote originally in long-hang: thie wat typed after my release war unable to find time to read. the typetcript andthe Indira, came to my rescue and took this burden off my shoulder ‘The book semaine a writen ia prison with 0 additions or changes, except forthe postseript atthe end 1 do not know how other authors feel about their writings, but always I have a strange seastion when I read something hat I had weitten some time previously. That sensation is 1d when the writing had been done in the close and reading some familiar piece writes by another, who was near to me and yet who was different. Perhaps that is the measure of the change that has taken place in me, So I have ft about this book sso, I if mine and not wholl mine, a6 T am constituted today; it represents rather some pa self of mine which has already joined that long succetion df ‘other slven chat existed for a while and faded away, leaving aly « memory behind Jawabaral Nebr Avand Bhavan, Alcabad 29° December 1965 ‘CONTENTS “Teaty Met ‘he tae ee (Our Marge an An ‘he Prien of Homa Reainipe (CHAPTER THREE: THE QUEST a Rea ot toe ‘Trovaingtreah ae Te ee es, See an My he Aeepane and the Neston of Lite ‘Sot hen he Ben of Cate Sit ‘Te Upade aesaeees a JAWAHARLAL Na ‘The Advaniages and Dndvnige of a aviaie atonal Imperato ander he Gap tele ed tan iat and Pert f Smt edi Phish he taan Pevplea Apprnc ‘he Se Sytens af Palloy theme In Aneta Mikmed sf hurt ed th aituee ‘hl Ah. Sth Tl Wag Ba Srl Go Md Cater, eh Kae ‘Vilage Seeoneraeat The Share Nace