The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution Vol VII by Jared Sparks

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Title: The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution
Volume 7.

Author: Various

Editor: Jared Sparks

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Language: English

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THE

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE

OF THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

VOL. VII.

THE

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE

OF THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION;

BEING

THE LETTERS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, SILAS DEANE,
JOHN ADAMS, JOHN JAY, ARTHUR LEE, WILLIAM LEE,
RALPH IZARD, FRANCIS DANA, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL,
HENRY LAURENS, JOHN LAURENS, M. DE LAFAYETTE, M.

DUMAS, AND OTHERS, CONCERNING THE FOREIGN

RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE WHOLE

REVOLUTION;

TOGETHER WITH

THE LETTERS IN REPLY FROM THE SECRET COMMITTEE

OF CONGRESS, AND THE SECRETARY OF FOREIGN

AFFAIRS.

ALSO,

THE ENTIRE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE FRENCH

MINISTERS, GERARD AND LUZERNE, WITH CONGRESS.

Published under the Direction of the President of the United States,
from the original Manuscripts in the Department of State, conformably

to a Resolution of Congress, of March 27th, 1818.

EDITED

BY JARED SPARKS.

VOL. VII.

B O S T O N :

NATHAN HALE and GRAY & BOWEN;

G. & C. & H. CARVILL, NEW YORK; P. THOMPSON, WASHINGTON.

1830.

Steam Power Press—W. L. Lewis' Print.,

No. 6, Congress Street, Boston.

CONTENTS

OF THE

S E V E N T H

V O L U M E .

JOHN ADAMS'S

CORRESPONDENCE,

CONTINUED.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, December 14th, 1782,

The King of Sweden's compliment to the United States.—The
signing of the preliminaries announced to Parliament.—Quotes a
note from the Courier de l'Europe.—Requests leave to return.

Robert R. Livingston to John Adams. Philadelphia, December 19th,
1782,

Mr Jefferson accepts his appointment.—Financial arrangements for
raising a revenue.

To Charles W. F. Dumas. Paris, January 1st, 1783,

M. Brantzen.—Conversation with Mr Oswald on freedom of
navigation.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, January 22d, 1783,

Preliminaries and armistice between England, and Spain, and France,
signed and sealed.—Terms England offers to the Dutch.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, January 23d, 1783,

Grounds of Mr Adams's opinions of European politics.—Mr
Laurens's services.—The northern powers friendly to America.—
America has suffered by reposing confidence in a certain minister.

To C. W. F. Dumas. Paris, January 29th, 1783,

Proceedings of Congress in reference to the armed neutrality.—
America is ready to accede to its principles.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, February 5th, 1783,

Causes of the revocation of his commission for negotiating a treaty
of commerce with Great Britain.—Recommends the appointment of a
Minister to England for negotiating a treaty of commerce.—Mr
Adams's idea of the qualifications necessary for an American
Minister, particularly at the English Court.—Address and fluency in
speaking French of little importance.—Mr Jay's services and
qualifications.

Robert R. Livingston to John Adams. Philadelphia, February 13th,

Page

3

4

6

8

10

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13

14

23

1783,

Financial embarrassments of the country.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, March 2d, 1783,

Transmitting an application from a French house at Leghorn to be
appointed consul or commercial agent of the United States.

Robert R. Livingston to John Adams. Philadelphia, April 14th, 1783,

Ambiguous expressions in the declaration of the cessation of
hostilities.—Affairs of the Dutch.—Mr Adams's accounts.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, April 14th, 1783,

Mr Hartley succeeds Mr Oswald.—Prospect of a general congress at
Paris.

To Robert Morris. Paris, May 21st, 1783,

The Dutch loan; perplexities and embarrassments.—Wishes to be at
home to persuade the Americans to pay taxes and build ships.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, May 24th, 1783,

A temporary regulation of commerce with England will be necessary.
—The American ministers invited to London with a promise that
they should be treated as the ministers of other sovereign states.—
The English court wishes to interchange ministers with America.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, May 30th, 1783,

Receives the ratification by Congress of the treaty with Holland.—
Delay in the negotiations of the definitive treaty.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 9th, 1783,

"Letters from a Distinguished American," written by Mr Adams.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 16th, 1783,

Ambiguities in the articles of the provisional treaty occasioned by
the critical state of affairs.—The Dutch have been of important
service in bringing about the termination of the war.—Expresses a
wish to return; is unwilling to remain in Europe if the embassy to
England is given to any other person.—Policy to be pursued in
raising a loan in Holland.—Conduct of General Washington during
the discontent in the army.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 23d, 1783,

Obstacles in the way of agreeing upon a regulation of commerce.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 23d, 1783,

Embarrassments of the English Ministry.—A party in England in
favor of restricting the commerce of the Americans.—America and
the West Indies are mutually necessary to each other.—Thinks it
politic to revive the trade on the former footing, if necessary.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 24th, 1783,

Fictions of the European Gazetteers.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 27th, 1783,

Progress of the negotiations of the other powers.—Expects to obtain
nothing more favorable than the terms of the provisional treaty.—
Conduct, character, and materials of the British Ministry.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, June 27th, 1783,

American ships arrive in England.—Dubious policy of the Ministry.
—The American Ministers would effect more in England.—France
does not desire a reconciliation between England and the United
States.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 3d, 1783,

The American Ministers make visits to the Ministers of all the
powers.—The coalition.—The commerce with the West Indies.—
Receives a visit from the Ambassador of the Emperor of Germany.—
The other Ministers return his visit.

23

25

26

28

30

31

34

35

36

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41

42

45

46

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51

To Robert Morris. Paris, July 5th, 1783,

State of affairs in Europe at the moment of signing the peace.—
Expediency of signing it without consulting the French Minister.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 7th, 1783,

The British Ministry avoid any definitive propositions.—The West
India commerce in regard to the different powers.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 9th, 1783,

Mediation of the Imperial Courts.—Explains the necessity for
concealing the separate article from France; and for signing the
treaty without a previous communication of it to the French Court.—
The foreign Ministers cease to treat the American Ministers with
reserve.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 10th, 1783,

French policy in regard to the fisheries.—Letter of M. Marbois.—M.
de Rayneval's correspondence with Mr Jay.—France wishes the
exclusion of the Americans from the West Indies.

To Robert Morris. Paris, July 10th, 1783,

Means of raising a loan in Holland.

To Robert Morris. Paris, July 11th, 1783,

Necessity of sustaining the credit of the United States by providing
for the prompt settlement of all claims.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 11th, 1783,

Obligations of America to France.—Reasons for maintaining a close
connexion with France.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 12th, 1783,

Algiers.—Negotiations with Portugal.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 13th, 1783,

Reasons for forming a treaty of commerce with the Emperor of
Germany.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 14th, 1783,

Jealousy of American ships and trade in France and England.—
Proclamation of the English court permitting intercourse between
America and the West Indies in British vessels.—Fish, potash and
pearlash not admitted.—This measure is the result of French policy
—Remedies to be applied by America.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 14th, 1783,

Exclusive policy of the European powers in regard to commerce.—
Views of Austria and Russia towards the Black Sea, the Danube, the
Archipelago and Turkey.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 15th, 1783,

Mr Hartley offers no definitive propositions.—"Observations on the
American States."

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 16th, 1783,

Visit to the Count de Vergennes.—Conversation relative to the West
India commerce.—Means of retaliating the British restrictions on the
commerce with their islands.—The Americans ought to send ships
to China.—Doubtful complexion of British politics.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 17th, 1783,

Conversation with Mr Hartley on the English trade and policy in the
East.—Importance of forming commercial connexions with the
Dutch.—Conversation with the Duc de la Vauguyon relative to the
French and English policy in Eastern Europe; on the colonial
commerce.—The British restrictive policy will produce wars.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, July 18th, 1783,

The United States must counteract French and British policy by
forming connexions with other nations.—Necessity of a common

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99

authority in America for managing foreign affairs, regulating
commerce, raising a revenue, &c.—The friendship of the Dutch must
be secured.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 23d, 1783,

Sugar trade, and sugar refineries may be carried on by Americans as
well as by the Dutch.—Conversation with M. Visscher and M. Van
Berckel on the trade with the Dutch Colonies.—M. Van Berckel's
remarks on a loan in Holland.—Conversation with the Prince of
Orange on the ranks of foreign Ministers.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 25th, 1783,

Intrigues of the English to restore their former connexions with
Holland.—The Dutch complain of having been deceived by the
French Ministers.—No progress in the negotiations between
England and Holland.

To Robert R. Livingston. Amsterdam, July 28th, 1783,

Sugar trade.—American loan in Holland.—Loans of the other
powers there.

To Robert Morris. Amsterdam, July 28th, 1783,

The loan in Holland.—Suggests the expediency of sending out
ships loaded by the States with their respective staples.—
Probability of obtaining a loan in England.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 30th, 1783,

Trade with the Dutch Colonies.—Account of the limits, &c. of the
Dutch West India Company received from the secretary.—General
commerce with the European West India Colonies.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, July 31st, 1783,

Conversation with the Sardinian Minister, who advises the sending
of a circular by Congress to the European powers, giving an account
of the Declaration of Independence, of the acknowledgment by other
powers, &c.; recommends commercial connexions with Italy; remarks
on the Austrian policy towards Turkey.—Efforts to detach Holland
from her connexion with France.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, August 1st, 1783,

Conversation with the Portuguese Minister on commercial matters.
—Dr Franklin's treaty with Portugal.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, August 2d, 1783,

Conversation with M. Berenger on the European politics of the day.

To Robert R. Livingston. The Hague, August 3d, 1783,

Necessity of securing reciprocity in the commercial treaties.—
Dissatisfaction in Holland with France.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, August 10th, 1783,

Interview with the Spanish and Portuguese Ministers on commercial
subjects.—Extraordinary increase of the commerce of the neutrals.—
No progress in the negotiation.—Causes of the delay.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, August 13th, 1783,

Exchange ratifications of the provisional treaty with Mr Hartley.—
The project of a definitive treaty produced by Mr Hartley in the
words of the provisional treaty.—Mr Hartley objects to the
mediation of the Imperial Courts.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, August 13th, 1783,

Probable policy of France in regard to Turkey.—Situation of the
Count de Vergennes considered precarious.

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, August 13th, 1783,

Expresses his discontent with Dr Franklin's negotiating treaties with
several powers without communicating with other Ministers.—
Remarks on the treaty with Denmark.

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109

112

115

117

122

x
127

131

133

136

140

143

145

To Robert R. Livingston. Paris, August 15th, 1783,

The belligerent powers except Holland are agreed.—Remarks of M.
Brantzen on the conduct, policy, and situation of the Count de
Vergennes.—The Queen and some of the council are opposed to
him.

To the President of Congress. Paris, September 5th, 1783,

The definitive treaty signed, sealed, and delivered.—A new
commission necessary for negotiating a treaty of commerce.—The
Count de Vergennes was not desirous of admitting the mediation of
the Imperial Courts.—Mr Adams regrets not having admitted the
mediation.—Policy of forming commercial connexions with the
European powers.

To Elias Boudinot, President of Congress. Paris, September 8th, 1783,

Accepts the joint commission for negotiating a treaty of commerce
with England.—Advises that it be extended to the other powers.

To the President of Congress. Paris, September 8th, 1783,

Management of the European Journals.—Courier de l'Europe.

To the President of Congress. Paris, September 10th, 1783,

Advises the opening of negotiations with all the Courts of Europe,
and with the Barbary powers.

JOHN JAY'S

CORRESPONDENCE.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 20th,
1779,

Action at sea between the French and English.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 22d,
1779,

Repairs of the ship.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 24th,
1779,

An account of the condition of the ship, and the causes of his
favoring the steering for Martinique.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 25th,
1779,

Recommends Mrs Smith to the attention of Congress.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 25th,
1779,

Draws on the fund for the payment of his salary for a hundred
guineas, to be distributed among the officers of the Confederacy.

To the President of Congress. St Pierre's, Martinique, December 26th,
1779,

M. Gerard proposes to send home the Confederacy to refit.—She is
permitted to refit in Martinique, and a French frigate is ordered to
carry Mr Jay and M. Gerard to France.—Mr Bingham's services.

To Arthur Lee. Cadiz, January 26th, 1780,

Requests of Mr Lee information.

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152

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171

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To the Count de Vergennes. Cadiz, January 27th, 1780,

Recapitulation of former proceedings relative to Spain.—Requests
the interposition of the King in favor of America.

To Don Joseph Galvez, Minister of the Spanish Court. January 27th,
1780,

Stipulation in the treaty between France and the United States
providing for the accession of Spain.—Mr Jay appointed to carry it
into effect.

To the President of Congress. Cadiz, January 27th, 1780,

Reasons for his landing in Cadiz.

Instructions to William Carmichael. Cadiz, January 27th, 1780,

Directions as to his conduct towards M. Galvez, the Spanish
Minister, and the French Ambassador, for procuring information.

William Carmichael to John Jay. Madrid, February 15th, 1780,

Cordial reception by the French Ambassador.—Should have been
addressed to the Count de Florida Blanca.—Prospect of reception
by the Spanish Ministry.—M. Miralles has been instructed to assist
in the conquest of Florida.—There is no coldness between the
French and Spanish Courts.

To the President of Congress. Cadiz, February 20th, 1780,

Mr Bingham advanced the hundred guineas distributed among the
officers of the Confederacy.

Count de Florida Blanca to John Jay. Pardo, February 24th, 1780,

Expresses his Majesty's satisfaction with Mr Jay's arrival, and
declares there is no obstacle to his coming to Court in an informal
character.

To William Carmichael. Cadiz, February 25th, 1780,

Was informed by M. Gerard that M. Galvez was the Minister with
whom all business with the United States was to be transacted.—
Wished to have discovered the sentiments of Spain towards
America, independently of French influence.—Requests further
information as to the instructions to M. Miralles.

To the President of Congress. Cadiz, February 29th, 1780,

Transmitting papers.—Generally believed that the American islands
will be the theatre of the next campaign.

To the President of Congress. Cadiz, March 3d, 1780,

M. Guatier of Barcelona desires to be American consul there.—
Necessity for consuls in Spain.

To the President of Congress. Cadiz, March 3d, 1780,

Reason for not making personal application to the Ministry at first.
—Policy of France.—M. Gerard's opinion.—Spain is already at war
with England.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Amsterdam, April 6th, 1780,

Congratulations on his arrival.

Answer to De Neufville & Son. Madrid, April 27th, 1780,

Their letters to Congress were received before his departure.—The
success of America important to Holland.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, May 26th, 1780,

Arrival at Cadiz.—Draws on Dr Franklin.—Extract of a letter from Dr
Franklin (April 7th, 1780), contradicting the report that the Loan
Office bills payable in France were not honored.—Certificate of Mr
Grand to the same effect.—Correspondence with Mr Lee.—Letter of
the Count de Vergennes in reply to that of Mr Jay announcing his
arrival.—Reply of Mr Jay (Aranjues, May 9th, 1780), to the Count de
Vergennes assuring him of his confidence in M. de Montmorin.—M.
Gerard informs him that he should address himself to M. Galvez.—
Writes to that Minister.—Answered by the Count de Florida Blanca.

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—Letter of Mr Jay (Cadiz, March 6th, 1780), to the Count, expressing
the confidence of the United States in the King's favorable
disposition, and declaring his intention of setting out for Madrid.—
Arrives at Madrid.—Questions from the Count de Florida Blanca
(dated March 9th, 1780), requesting information on the civil and
military state of the American Provinces.—Reply of Mr Jay (Madrid,
April 25th, 1780), to the preceding questions, comprising his
commission and that of Mr Carmichael, with details in reply to the
questions; the democratic nature of the American governments
renders a knowledge of their affairs easily attainable. 1. The Civil
State; population of each State; government of each State and the
Articles of the Confederation; disposition of the people, who were at
first only desirous of a redress of grievances; but now determined
on independence, with the grounds of this opinion; there is no
British party in America; revenues; public debts; resources;
possibility of supporting their credit in the operations of
Government, in commerce, in the protection of the national industry;
advantages to result to Spain from the independence of American
States, in the reduction of the British power, and in the commerce
with America; ability of the United States to furnish naval stores. 2.
The Military State; number of the troops; the commander in chief;
means of recruiting by the militia; deficiency of arms, of clothing;
means of subsistence; naval forces; the people will not submit; their
disposition towards the Kings of France and of Spain; financial
embarrassments; sending supplies to America would be the surest
means of humiliating Great Britain.—Receives the resolutions of
Congress drawing on Mr Laurens and himself for £100,000 sterling
each.—Letter of Mr Jay (Aranjues, April 29th, 1780), to the Count de
Florida Blanca in consequence of the foregoing resolution, giving an
account of the financial operations of Congress, and requesting aid
from his Majesty.—Conference with the Count on the subject of the
preceding letter; the Count states that Spain has been subject to
heavy expenses during the preceding year, but that his Majesty
intends to give America all assistance in his power, and has directed
him to confer with his colleagues in the Ministry on this point;
wishes Mr Jay to contract to furnish Spain with frigates and light
vessels; promises to engage in the King's name to pay the bills of
exchange if presented; the pretensions of America to the navigation
of the Mississippi an obstacle to a treaty.—Letter of Mr Jay
(Aranjues, May 12th, 1780), to the Count de Florida Blanca stating
his confidential connexion with the French Ambassador, and
wishing to know if he may communicate to him the subject of the
conference.—Reply of the Count de Florida Blanca (Aranjues, May
14th, 1780).—Mr Jay's note to the French Ambassador informing him
of Sir J. Dalrymple's arrival at Madrid.—Note of M. de Montmorin in
reply, declaring his entire confidence in the Spanish Ministry.—
Extract of a letter from Mr Jay (April 26th 1780), to Mr Adams
informing him of Sir J. Dalrymple's arrival at Aranjues.—Sir J.
Dalrymple requests permission to go through Spain, and a passport
through France.—Sir J. Dalrymple presents to the Count de Florida
Blanca Lord Rochford's project to prevent the war by a
confederation between France, Spain, Portugal and England; the
confederates to guaranty mutually their Colonial possessions; to
participate in the commerce of the English Colonies under certain
limitations, to be settled by five persons, one from each country; to
settle the contested privileges of the Americans on just principles;
disadvantages resulting to Spain from the independence of the
English American Colonies, first by promoting a contraband trade
between the American States and the Spanish Colonies, and
secondly by exposing the Spanish Colonies to the attacks of the
Americans, who will soon form establishments in the South Seas; all
Europe is interested in preventing the independence of America.—
The Gardoquis; Mr Jay is destitute of resources; difficulty of
conveying intelligence; expenses of a Minister at the Spanish Court;
coldly treated by the Ministers of the Northern powers; ignorance of
American affairs in Spain; the secrets of Congress well known to the
Spanish and French Courts.

To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, May 27th, 1780,

Mr Laurens is not arrived.

To James Lovell. Madrid, May 27th, 1780,

Want of intelligence from America.

William Carmichael to John Jay. Aranjues, May 27th, 1780,

Destination of the Spanish fleet.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, May 28th, 1780,

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283

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284

Enclosing the preceding, the information in which he considers
authentic.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, May 30th, 1780,

Receives the resolution of Congress, desiring the Ex-Presidents of
Congress to lodge their public correspondence in the Secretary's
office.—Mr Jay did this at the time of his retirement from the office.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, May 30th, 1780,

Bills drawn upon him are arrived.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Without date,

Bills drawn on Mr Laurens, who is not arrived.—Have promised the
holders to accept them.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Amsterdam, June 1st, 1780,

Are willing to accept the bills drawn on Mr Laurens, provided they
are permitted to draw on Dr Franklin at seven or eight months.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Amsterdam, June 8th, 1780,

Have accepted the bills on Mr Laurens, and request that some
method of reimbursing them may be adopted.

Committee of Foreign Affairs to John Jay. Philadelphia, June 16th,
1780,

Reasons for drawing on him.—Have drawn for an additional sum.

To De Neufville & Son, at Amsterdam. Madrid, June 18th, 1780,

Thanking them for their offer to accept the bills drawn on Mr
Laurens.

To De Neufville & Son. Madrid, June 25th, 1780,

Is uncertain whether he shall be able to reimburse them for their
advances.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, July 10th, 1780,

Remittances from America are necessary.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Amsterdam, July 13th, 1780,

Cannot accept any more bills.—Would undertake a loan if
authorised.

De Neufville & Son to John Jay. Amsterdam, July 28th, 1780,

Dr Franklin has offered to accept further bills drawn on Mr Laurens;
they will therefore continue to accept those presented.

To De Neufville & Son. Madrid, July 29th, 1780,

Has not power to authorise them to raise a loan.—The capture of
Charleston will have no effect on the determination of the
Americans.

To De Neufville & Son. Madrid, August 16th, 1780,

Expresses his sense of their friendly conduct towards America.

To Silas Deane. St Ildefonso, September 8th, 1780,

Desires to correspond with him.

To the President of Congress. St Ildefonso, September 16th, 1780,

It is necessary to cease drawing bills on him.—The King of Spain
has offered his responsibility to facilitate a loan.

Instructions to John Jay. In Congress, October 4th. 1780,

Directing him to insist on the navigation of the Mississippi.—The
boundary.—Florida.

To De Neufville & Son. Madrid, October 4th, 1780,

Connexion between Holland and the United States.—Shall

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recommend their house to Congress.—Spanish ordinance
establishing a paper currency.—Effect of this measure on the bills
drawn on him; wishes to know if money could be raised in Holland
for Congress on the joint credit of Spain and the United States.

To James Lovell. Madrid, October 27th, 1780,

Difficulties of finding a safe conveyance for his letters.—Receives
little information from the committee.—M. Dohrmer.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, November 6th, 1780,

The Abbé Hussey arrives at Madrid with Mr Cumberland.—Notes of
Mr Jay's conference with the Count de Florida Blanca.—Conference
of Mr Carmichael with the Minister.—Note from the Count de Florida
Blanca (Aranjues, June 9, 1780); to Mr Jay on the subject of aids; his
Majesty is willing to become responsible at the expiration of two
years to the holders of the bills drawn on Mr Jay, provided Congress
will build four frigates and some light vessels for the King; the
Americans may send for stores to the Spanish ports for this
purpose; the squadron manned by Americans and under Spanish
colors to intercept the English East India vessels.—Reply of Mr Jay
(Aranjues, June 9th, 1780); expectations of the Americans from
Spain; the holders of the bills will prefer recovering the amount on
protest, to waiting for the payment two years; the Spanish treasure
from America may arrive before the bills become payable; Mr Jay is
authorised to pledge the faith of the United States for the repayment
of any sums his Majesty may lend; former aids; Congress has not
the resources necessary for building ships; difficulty of manning
them with American sailors, who prefer sailing in privateers; the
country is not in a condition to undertake foreign enterprises; the
Americans will always be ready to cooperate with Spain against the
Floridas or elsewhere; unfavorable conclusions will be drawn as to
the condition of Spain, if she cannot supply such aid to men in arms
against her enemy.—Mr Jay's reasons for not touching on other
points of the proposition.—Note from Mr Jay to the Count,
informing him of a new draft.—Reply of the Count, promising to pay
the bill, and declaring that no more can be paid without consulting
the King; the proposition of the Count having been rejected, it
becomes necessary for Mr Jay to devise other means.—Reply of Mr
Jay to the preceding (Madrid, June 22d, 1780), proposing as a means
of paying the bills the advance of the £25,000 to £40,000 sterling
promised; the sum necessary for building the ships cannot be raised
by Congress; America cannot pay the debts occasioned by the war
till peace; advantages resulting to Spain by the furnishing of aid to
America.—Reasons for not pushing the treaty at this time.—Letter
from Mr Jay to the Count de Florida Blanca (Madrid, June 28th,
1780), transmitting the resolutions of Congress, directing that bills
be issued redeemable in specie in six years; this plan may enable the
United States to supply the vessels, his Majesty becoming
responsible for a certain part of the sum so issued.—Note from Mr
Jay to the Count de Florida Blanca, stating that he has been called
on to accept new bills.—Reply of the Count de Florida Blanca,
declaring nothing can be done in regard to the new drafts without
consulting the King and the other Ministers; requests further
explanations of Mr Jay's plan for furnishing the ships and engaging
the responsibility of the King.—Note from the Count de Florida
Blanca to Mr Jay, requesting to know when the bills lately arrived
will become due.—News of the capture of Charleston.—Mr Jay's
notes of a conference with the Count de Florida Blanca, July 5th;
capture of Charleston; death of M. Miralles; the Count advises Mr
Jay to be cautious of Messrs Joyce, who hold the bills; regrets the
precipitancy of Congress in drawing; specie might have been
remitted from the Spanish Colonies directly to the United States;
remarks on the deranged state of the finances of the United States;
the difficulty of raising money in Europe; wishes to wait the arrival
of a certain person; Mr Jay observes, that Congress have adopted
measures for restoring the finances; suggests that Spain might
furnish aid by bills on Havana; states in reply to a question of the
Count, that ship timber may be furnished from America; urges the
importance of accepting the bills; reminds the Minister of the
promise of clothing; evasive and uncertain nature of this conference.
—Note from Mr Jay to the Count de Florida Blanca (Madrid, July
11th, 1780), informing him that new bills have been presented; the
Messrs Joyce consent to have their bills payable at Bilboa.—
Answer of the Count to the preceding, desiring a delay till the arrival
of a certain person.—Mr Jay requests that Mr Harrison be allowed
to remain at Cadiz.—Note from the Count de Florida Blanca (July
29th), granting Mr Harrison permission to remain at Cadiz; still waits
the arrival of the person above mentioned.—Note from Mr Jay to the
Count de Florida Blanca (August 11th), announcing the presentation
of more bills.—Reply of the Count de Florida Blanca, regretting that

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he must still wait the arrival of a certain person.—Letter of Mr Jay
(Madrid, August 16th, 1780), to the Count de Florida Blanca, stating
that the holders of the bills grow impatient.—Letter of Mr Jay to the
Count de Florida Blanca (Madrid, August 18th, 1780), informing him
that bills have been received by the Gardoquis, which will be
immediately presented.—Letter from Mr Jay to the Count de Florida
Blanca (St Ildefonso, August 25th, 1780), urging the necessity of
providing for the acceptance of the bills.—Mr Jay's notes of a
conference with the French Ambassador, August 27th; Mr Jay gives
an account of his proceedings since his arrival, and requests the
Ambassador to obtain an answer for him from the Spanish Minister;
Mr Jay was encouraged to expect that he should be supplied with
money to meet the bills; the Ambassador thinks that the Spanish
Minister will pay the bills, and promises to speak to him on the
subject.—Subsequent coolness of the French Ambassador.—
Second visit to him; he advises Mr Jay to write again to the Count
de Florida Blanca, praying an audience; Mr Jay declines making any
supplications, or purchasing by concessions the acknowledgment of
independence; declares his determination to write on the subject of
the treaty, and if treated with the same neglect to return; conduct of
France.—Mr Jay consents to send Mr Carmichael to the Minister.—
Note from the Count de Florida Blanca introducing M. Gardoqui.—
Conversation with M. Gardoqui on the subject of the bills; second
conversation with M. Gardoqui, who proposes the surrender of the
navigation of the Mississippi.—Objections to this measure.—
Conversation with M. Del Campo on the same subjects.—
Conversation with the Secretary of the French Ambassador.—M.
Gardoqui informs him from the Count de Florida Blanca that no more
bills can be paid by Spain.—Letter of Mr Jay (St Ildefonso,
September 14th, 1780), to the Count de Florida Blanca, requesting to
know if any aid is to be expected from Spain.—Answer to the
preceding, dictated by M. Del Campo, in the name of the Count de
Florida Blanca, to M. Gardoqui, declaring the readiness of his
Majesty to assist the States.—Letter from Mr Jay to Count de
Vergennes (St Ildefonso, September 22d, 1780), giving an account of
his proceedings in Spain; requesting the aid of France in meeting the
bills.—Letter of Mr Jay to Dr Franklin (same date), on the same
subject.—Notes of a conference between Mr Jay and the Count de
Florida Blanca (September 23d); satisfaction of the King with the
measures of Congress for supplying the Spanish forces in the West
Indies; plan of the English Court to attempt an accommodation with
America; Mr Jay enters upon the points mentioned in the paper
dictated to M. Gardoqui; on the manner of making known the King's
responsibility; on the King's being disgusted with the drawing of
bills without his consent, and without terms of recompense; the bills
were drawn on Mr Jay, and the faith of the United States was
pledged for the payment of any sum advanced; Mr Jay wishes the
evidence of an understanding between America and England;
Congress had given proofs of friendship by sending a Minister to
negotiate treaties of amity and alliance; the delaying of the
negotiations owing to the Minister not sending the promised notes
on the subject; terms of such a treaty; Spain ought not to expect the
expenses of the war will be refunded; America will be ready to render
every assistance possible.—Mr Jay returns to Madrid and accepts
the bills.—Equivocal nature of the Spanish policy.—Extract of a
letter from the Count de Vergennes to the French Ambassador,
stating that it will be difficult to make advances to Mr Jay.—Letter
from Messrs Couteulx and Co. to Mr Jay (Cadiz, October 3d, 1780),
complaining of the expenses and difficulty of supplying and sending
home American seamen.—Mr Jay to Messrs Couteulx and Co.
(Madrid, October 15th, 1780), directing them to settle accounts with
Mr Harrison.—Difficulties in the conveyance of correspondence.—
A copy of the correspondence of the Commissioners in France in the
hands of a certain foreigner.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, November 30th, 1780,

Enclosing copies of papers from Morocco.—Delays of the Spanish
Court.—Remarks on the enclosed account of the revenues and
expenditures of Spain for 1778.

From D'Audibert Caille to John Jay. Aranjues, April 21st, 1780,

Is authorised to declare the pacific intentions of the Emperor of
Morocco towards the United States.

To D'Audibert Caille,

Expresses his satisfaction with the disposition of the Emperor of
Morocco.

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393

Copy of M. D'Audibert Caille's Appointment,

Copy of M. D'Audibert Caille's appointment to officiate as consul of
all nations who have no consul in Morocco.

Copy of the Declaration by the Emperor of Morocco, February 20th
1778,

Certificate of Pedro Umbert, that the above is conformable to the
truth.

Certificate of M. D'Audibert Caille. December 1st, 1779,

Certificate of M. D'Audibert Caille that Don Pedro Umbert is
employed for foreign affairs at the Court of Morocco.

D'Audibert Caille to Congress. Salé, September 6th, 1779,

The Emperor of Morocco intends to be at peace with the United
States.

General State of the Revenues of Spain in the Year 1778,

To the Committee of Foreign Affairs. Madrid, November 30th, 1780,

Necessity of providing means for the safe conveyance of the public
correspondence.—His letters are opened and many kept back both
in Spain and the United States.

Instructions to John Jay. In Congress, February 15th, 1781,

Instructing him to recede from the demand of a free navigation of the
Mississippi below 31°.

James Lovell to John Jay. February 20th, 1781,

Has received no letters from him of late.

James Lovell to John Jay. March 9th, 1781,

Ratification of the articles of the Confederacy.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, March 22d, 1781,

Supplies from Spain.—Russian mediation.—M. Necker's report.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, April 25th, 1781,

Spain insists on the exclusive navigation of the Mississippi.—Letter
from Mr Jay to De Neufville and Son (Madrid, January 8th, 1781),
renouncing the idea of a loan in Holland separate from that
negotiated by Mr Adams.—Mr Jay's proceedings in regard to the
payment of the bills.—Advises that the unfinished ships be sold to
Spain.—Disposition of Portugal.—Dr Franklin.—Mr Cumberland's
mission.—Disposition of Spain.

The President of Congress to John Jay. In Congress, May 28th, 1781,

Expressing the satisfaction of Congress with his conduct.—
Instructs him to disavow any understanding between the United
States and Great Britain; to avoid referring to the treaty with France
in his negotiations with Spain; to declare that facilities will be
granted for the exportation of naval stores for the Spanish marine; to
continue to provide as far as possible for American seamen in Spain;
to open a correspondence with M. D'Audibert Caille.

To the President of Congress. Aranjues, May 29th, 1781,

Conversation with the Count de Florida Blanca on the admission of
letters.

James Lovell to John Jay. Philadelphia, June 4th, 1781,

The affair of the Dover cutter.

James Lovell to John Jay. Philadelphia, June 15th, 1781,

Case of Dumain and Lyon.

Robert Morris to John Jay. Philadelphia, July 4th, 1781,

Mr Morris is appointed Superintendent of Finance.—Objects to be
accomplished by this office.—Expectations of aid from Spain.—State
of the finances.—Disposition of the nation.—State of the army.—

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Advantages that will result to Spain by aiding America.—The
United States cannot be dangerous to Spain.—Amount desired.

Robert Morris to John Jay. Philadelphia, July 7th, 1781,

Necessity of immediate aids.

Robert Morris to John Jay. Office of Finance, July 9th, 1781,

Proposes a plan for sending home American seaman.

Robert Morris to John Jay. Philadelphia, July 13th, 1781,

Reasons which induced him to adopt the enclosed plan of a national
bank.—Wants aid from Spain.—Suggests that an attempt should be
made to obtain money from Portugal.

Robert Morris to John Jay. Office of Finance, August 15th, 1781,

Directing to protest certain bills, assigning as a reason his
instructions.

James Lovell to John Jay. Philadelphia, August 15th, 1781,

Surrender of Pensacola.

To the President of Congress. St Ildefonso, September 20th, 1781,

Regrets that instructions should have been given the American
Ministers to concur in any terms to which France should accede.

To the President of Congress. St Ildefonso, October 3d, 1781,

Conversation with the Count de Florida Blanca, who complains that
Congress has not shown any disposition to oblige the King; remarks
relative to M. Gardoqui.—Mr Jay regrets that the instructions
concerning the Mississippi had not been kept secret; use that might
have been made of the claim.—Has another interview with the
Minister; stoppage of the letters from America; the affair of the
Dover cutter; cession of the claims of the United States to the
navigation of the Mississippi; the Count remarks that these affairs
can be settled at a general peace.—Letter from Mr Jay (Madrid, July
2d, 1781), to the Count de Florida Blanca, declaring that he has been
instructed to cede the exclusive navigation of the Mississippi.—
Letter from Mr Jay (Madrid, July 2d, 1781), to the Count de
Montmorin, communicating the above.—Receiving no answer from
the Minister, Mr Jay calls upon him, and is informed that he cannot
attend to the matter.—Letters from Mr Jay (Madrid, July 13th, 1781),
to the Count de Florida Blanca communicating his instructions.—
Note from the Count de Florida Blanca (St Ildefonso, July 1st, 1781),
to Mr Jay proposing to attend to American affairs.—Mr Jay visits
the Minister with Major Franks; general conversation.—Renewed
delays.—Letter from Mr Jay (St Ildefonso, September 16th, 1781), to
the Count de Montmorin, enclosing the draft of a letter to the Count
de Florida Blanca, and requesting the advice of the Ambassador.—
Note from the Count de Florida Blanca to Mr Jay requesting him to
call upon him.—Notes of the conference between Mr Jay and the
Count de Florida Blanca (September 19th, 1781); the Count requests
Mr Jay to draw up an outline of the proposed treaties; aids;
commercial connexion; treaty of alliance; the Count observes that
Congress has done nothing to gratify the King; a person will be
appointed to confer further with Mr Jay.—Letter from Mr Jay (St
Ildefonso, September 22d, 1781), to the Count de Florida Blanca
requesting that some decisive measure be taken in regard to
American affairs.—Propositions toward a plan of a treaty, with
remarks; the subject of aids will require a separate convention; also
the regulation of the mutual conduct of the parties during the war.—
Mr Jay's reason for limiting the duration of the offer contained in the
sixth proposition, relating to the navigation of the Mississippi; arts
of Spain.—Note from the Count de Florida Blanca to Mr Jay,
expressing a hope that some progress will soon be made in the
consideration of the propositions.—Embarrassments in providing
for the payment of the bills.—Mr Harrison's services.—Proposes the
sending of an agent to Portugal.

To the President of Congress. Madrid, October 18th, 1781,

Has protested some of the bills.

Robert R. Livingston to John Jay. Philadelphia, November 1st, 1781,

Organization of the new executive departments.—The debt of the
United States not so large as might have been expected.—British

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American recruits.—Proposes that Spain should furnish a convoy
between Havana and the United States.—Plan for paying the French
troops in specie from Havana.

Robert R. Livingston to John Jay. Philadelphia, November 28th, 1781,

State of military affairs.—The Marquis de la Fayette.

THE

CORRESPONDENCE

OF

J O H N A D A M S ,

ONE OF THE COMMISSIONERS TO FRANCE, MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY
TO HOLLAND, AND ONE OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR NEGOTIATING THE

TREATY OF PEACE.

THE

CORRESPONDENCE

OF

J O H N A D A M S .

CORRESPONDENCE CONTINUED.

TO ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON.

Paris, December 14th, 1782.

Sir,

There is more matter than time to write at present. The King of Sweden has done the United States great honor in his
commission to his Minister here, to treat with them, by inserting, that he had a great desire to form a connexion with
States, which had so fully established their independence, and by their wise and gallant conduct so well deserved it; and
his Minister desired it might be remembered, that his sovereign was the first who had voluntarily proposed a treaty with
us.[1]

Mr Secretary Townshend announced, on the 3d of December, in a letter to the Lord Mayor, the signature of our
preliminaries. On the 5th, his Majesty announced it in his speech to both Houses. Addresses of thanks, in both Houses,

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