The Dieselgate: A Legal Perspective PDF
Preview The Dieselgate: A Legal Perspective
Marco Frigessi di Rattalma Editor The Dieselgate A Legal Perspective The Dieselgate Marco Frigessi di Rattalma Editor The Dieselgate A Legal Perspective With contributions by: MarcoFrigessidiRattalma;SaraLandini;JosephAllanMacDougald; Marisa Marraffino;AdolfoPaolini;GiorgioPedrazzi;GabriellaPerotti; GiovanniPosio;LaurentPosocco;FrancescaRomaninJacur; ChristophU.Schmid;StephenTurner Editor MarcoFrigessidiRattalma DepartmentofLaw UniversityofBrescia Brescia,Italy ISBN978-3-319-48322-1 ISBN978-3-319-48323-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-48323-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016963065 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents PartI NationalPerspectives France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 LaurentPosocco Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ChristophU.Schmid Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 GiovanniPosio UnitedKingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 StephenTurner UnitedStatesofAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 JosephAllanMacDougald PartII SpecificIssues CivilandConsumerLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 GiorgioPedrazzi CorporateandInsuranceLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 AdolfoPaolini CriminalLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 MarisaMarraffino EnvironmentalLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 SaraLandini v vi Contents TheEnvironmentalDimensionoftheDieselgate:aEuropeanand InternationalLegalPerspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 FrancescaRomaninJacur EuropeanUnionLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 MarcoFrigessidiRattalmaandGabriellaPerotti List of Editor and Authors MarcoFrigessidiRattalma UniversityofBrescia,Brescia,Italy SaraLandini UniversityofFlorence,Florence,Italy JosephAllanMacDougald CenterforEnergy&EnvironmentalLaw,University ofConnecticutSchoolofLaw,Hartford,CT,USA MarisaMarraffino LawFirmMarraffino,Milan,Italy AdolfoPaolini UniversityofBuckingham,Buckingham,UK DACBeachcroftLLP,London,UK Civil Liability Working Party, International Insurance Law Association AIDA, London,UK GiorgioPedrazzi UniversityofBrescia,Brescia,Italy GabriellaPerotti UniversityofBrescia,Brescia,Italy GiovanniPosio UniversityofBrescia,Brescia,Italy Laurent Posocco Maˆıtre de Confe´rences en Droit Prive´ (cid:1)a l’Universite´ de Corse PascalPaoli,Corte,France FrancescaRomaninJacur UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy ChristophU.Schmid UniversityofBremen,Bremen,Germany StephenTurner DACBeachcroftLLP,London,UK vii Introduction On18September2015,theUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German car producer Volkswagen Group. The notice was based on the allegation that the car producer hadintentionallyprogrammedturbochargeddirectinjection(TDI)dieselenginesto activate certain emission control systems only during laboratory testing. This manipulation had the obvious aim of bypassing the diesel emission standards in theUSsoastogettheVWdieselcarsapprovedfortheUSmarket. Not only the USA with 480,000 vehicles but also Germany with 2.2 million vehicles and many other European countries are affected. VW has admitted that about11millioncarsworldwide,includingeightmillioninEurope,arefittedwith theso-calleddefeatdevice.VWevensoldvehicleswiththequestionablesoftware in China. Several public prosecutors and environmental protection agencies announce investigations or start investigating. In Germany, the Braunschweig prosecutorandtheStateofficeofcriminalinvestigationsstartsearchingtheoffices ofVolkswageninWolfsburgandother(German)cities. What started in the US has spread to a growing number of countries. The UK, Italy,France,and,ofcourse,Germany,haveopenedinvestigations.Throughoutthe world, politicians, regulators, and environmental groups are questioning the legit- imacy of VW’s emission testing. In France and China, the authorities start inves- tigating the scandal and the US Justice Department announces that it will sue Volkswagen over the emission scandal. Meanwhile, the VW Group has already made a loss of 3.5 billion euros in the third quarter. Workers employed at the Wolfsburgmanufacturingplantandatotherplantshavetofearfortheirjobs. Thus,theDieselgatecanforsurebedefinedasaglobalorworldwidescandal. Thisbookaimstoanalyzethecomplexlegalissuesthatarisefromthefactsthat make up the magmatic and not yet fully defined reality that goes by the name of Dieselgate.Thebookismeanttorepresentamomentofreflectiononsomethingso unprecedentedastheDieselgate.Theauthorsandmyselfhavedecidedtoworkhard togivereadersinterestedinexploringthelegalissuesrelatedtoDieselgateatimely referencepoint. ix x Introduction Thestructureofthebookisquitesimple. Afirstgroupofessaysisdevotedtothemaincountriesinvolvedbythescandal. These essays shall give a full picture of the main legal consequences and issues triggered by the scandal. They will thus deal with private and consumer law, criminal law, environmental law, etc. to the extent that they are necessary for explainingtheimplicationforeachspecificjurisdiction. AsecondgroupofessaysinvestigatestheDieselgateeachfromaspecificlegal perspective: civil and consumer law, corporate and insurance law, criminal law, environmentallaw,andEuropeanUnionlaw.Thesecontributionsarethuscentered onspecificareasofthelawandadoptacomparativelawapproach. In sum, this particular structure of the book shall be apt to give to the reader a quitecompletepictureofthelegaldimensionoftheDieselgate. Lastbutnotleast,IwouldliketothankDr.MartaLazzaroni,PhDStudentand Lecturer of EU law at the University of Brescia, who patiently helped me in the preparationofthisbookfromstarttofinish. Milan,Italy MarcoFrigessidiRattalma January2017 Part I National Perspectives
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