The development of the Japanese nursing profession : adopting and adapting Western influences

234 Pages·2004·3.24 MB·English

by  高橋

The Development of the Japanese Nursing
Profession
In the years after 1868, when Japan’s long period of self-imposed isolation
ended, in nursing, as in every other aspect of life, the Japanese looked to the
West. This book tells the story of ‘Florence Nightingale-ism’ in Japan, showing
how Japanese nursing developed from 1868 to 1938. It discusses how Japanese
nursing adopted western models, implementing ‘Nightingale-ism’ in a
conscious, caricatured way, and more fully—at least on the surface—than in
Britain. At the same time Japanese nurses had great difficulty coping with
traditional Japanese attitudes, which were strongly opposed to women being
involved in professions of any kind. Finally, as the book shows, western models
did not in fact penetrate very deeply.
Aya Takahashi is Associate Professor at the International Student Center,
Hokkaido University, Japan.
http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield
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3 The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia
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9 Japanese Industrialisation
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10 War and Nationalism in China 1925–1945
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11 Hong Kong in Transition
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edited by Robert Ash, Peter Ferdinand, Brian Book and Robin Porter
12 Japan’s Postwar Economic Recovery and Anglo-Japanese Relations,
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13 Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan, 1950–
1975
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iii
14 Ending the Vietnam War
The Vietnamese communists’ perspective
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15 The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession
Adopting and adapting western influences
Aya Takahashi
16 Women’s Suffrage in Asia
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17 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922
Phillips Payson O’Brien
The Development of the
Japanese Nursing Profession
Adopting and adapting western
influences
Aya Takahashi
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2004
by RoutledgeCurzon
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
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RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 2004 Aya Takahashi
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-32245-2 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-34266-6 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-30579-9 (Print Edition)
Contents
List of figures viii
Acknowledgements ix
Conventions and abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
PART I An imported profession 15
1 The emergence of the female profession of nursing 16
2 ‘Nightingale-ism’ in Japan 36
3 Women, space and nurses 55
PART II The development of a Japanese model 77
4 Japanese nurses under western eyes: the wars with China 78
and Russia, c. 1894 to c. 1905
5 The Japanese mode of Red Cross patriotism and its 95
influence on the West, post-1900
PART III ‘Re-encounter’ with western nursing professionalism 113
6 Japanese women in an international nursing community in 114
the early twentieth century
7 Public health nursing in the inter-war period 130
8 Suffocated professionalism 146
Conclusion 161
Notes 168
Bibliography 193
Name index 208
vii
Subject index 212
Figures
4.1 A field hospital ward with an inspection of the first wounded 80
Japanese to arrive home from the Russo-Japanese War
4.2 Rows of women in a large warehouse making bandages for the 86
wounded Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War
5.1 A street scene in Tokyo with wounded Japanese sitting in a cart 101
during the Russo-Japanese War
6.1 The 1909 General Meeting of the ICN in London 119
Acknowledgements
Since my research required an extensive search for primary sources, which
involved a number of individuals and institutions, I cannot list all those who have
responded to my enquiries, offered practical help, and given useful advice about
material as well as the subjects of this research. However, my work is,
unquestionably, indebted to them all.
I am grateful to librarians, archivists, and administrators in many institutions
who have helped me beyond the call of duty. Institutions concerned are listed
below in alphabetical order, as it would be invidious to list in any other. I would
like to express my special thanks to: the British Library (London), the National
Diet Library (Japan), the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of
Medicine (London), where I consulted their numerous holdings. I also thank the
British Red Cross Museum and Archives (London), the Department of Archives
and Manuscripts, the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of
Medicine (London), the Department of Printed Books, the Imperial War Museum
(London), the International Committee of the Red Cross (Geneva), the
International Council of Nurses (Geneva), the Japanese Red Cross Society
(Tokyo), the League of Red Cross Societies (Geneva), Meijimura Museum
(Nagoya, Japan), the National Library of Scotland (Edinburgh), Royal College of
Nursing of the UK Archives (Edinburgh), Public Record Office (London), Royal
Holloway, University of London (Surrey), which kindly responded to my
enquiries, helped me with valuable information, and showed me their holdings.
I also thank the Royal College of Nursing of the UK Archives and the
Wellcome Trust Medical Photographic Library for supplying the illustrations.
Attempts to trace the copyright holder of one image have not been successful.
The author is deeply grateful to the so far anonymous creator of this pictorial
record.
I am grateful to the International Council of Nurses (citations and quotes from
its archives are copyright, the International Council of Nurses, Geneva),
Rockefeller Archive Center, Royal College of Nursing, the Trustees of the
Imperial War Museum, and the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland for
permission to refer to and quote from the papers concerned.