The design of process plant alarm systems

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The design of process plant
alarm systems
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THE DES I G N OF P Roe E SS
P L ANT A L A R M S Y S T EMS
K. PLAMPING
A DOCTORAL THESIS
Submitted in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the award of
Doctor of Philosophy of the
Loughborough University of
Technology.
June 1986.
@ by K. PLAMPING 1986
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The work submitted in this thesis is
the total responsibility of the author
and does not form part of a
cooperative effort .
. '"-."
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to express his sincere
gratitude to Dr. P. K. Andow for his advice
and encouragement in this research study, to
Professor F. P. Lees, Dr. G. Hoenig, Mr. R. Pashby
(who developed the LSI interface used in Chapter 8)
and the Electronics Workshop in the Chemical
Engineering Department. Thanks also to the
Rolls-Royce and Associates Company Limited for
help with the .production of the thesis. Also
thanks to Software Sciences for the use of
their Plant Control Package.
THE DESIGN OF PROCESS PLANT ALARM SYSTEMS
K. PLAMPING
ABSTRACT
Alarms are used on all process plants to alert the
operators to abnormal conditions. The current literature
on the use of alarms has been reviewed. It is concluded
from this that a/ la( rm- ......s...--yst-e---m- s '--s--u-/ ffer-'- .--f-ro---m-'---- -- l-ack,,- -o--f- ~~
c~ul,deS~g~j A design procedure is presented WhiCh)
t~e c~edible,:ai=~re
(selects the alarms based on ... /
\.E~V~~ts.
to,. be id\en.:if&The effect of the plant
operating modes is also taken into account. An
\-t"':'\'-";\I\.-. .
assessment procedure for the alarm system design is
r---...... -_" ... --- ',.,.,-,-"-'--'~\. ___ . __ .. -,,-"_---.-.,- -......... __ r-"'--___ ' .-.-"--.......--~ ____ ...
p.r:~e_n~~dJA definition language has been developed ~
that allows the design to be specified in a precis~
!."~ --_.--" -~--.--'--------------------
concise and readable manneryA translation program
-----...........
---"--~"-------------~-
demonstrates that the language definition of the
alarm des ign- --can be tLam;f.o;rm",d into an alarm database.
"----------------- ---------_.""--------.. .---- -.
f'~ / -- ---. ,---- - --- ,-,- ---" - -~---
Syst:~/~_e_~,,:~~~
computer-based alarm
•. t1he ~s~ge_~~'.tl~~,da_ta~~ejThree worked examples
demonstrate the application of the alarm system design
method. The first example uses a small section of a
plant to demonstrate the procedure. The second ,example
demonstrates the use of fault trees to derive the
credible failure events. The third example demonstrates
the application of the procedure, language, translation
. program and the computer-based alarm system on an
actual plant. These examples demonstrate that alarm
systems can be improved using the procedure developed.
A number of recommendations are made for further
work.
KEYWORDS: ALARM
DESIGN
PROCESS
CHEMICAL