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The Democratization of Albania: Democracy from Within PDF

206 Pages·2010·1.96 MB·English
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The Democratization of Albania 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd ii 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2222 PPMM Previous Publications Theodore Kaltsounis, Teaching Social Studies in the Elementary School (1969). Theodore Kaltsounis (with Celia Stendler Lavatelli and Walter J. Moore), Elementary School Curriculum (1972). Theodore Kaltsounis, Teaching Social Studies in the Elementary School: The Basics for Citizenship, First and Second Editions (1979 and 1987). Theodore Kaltsounis, The World and Its People: States and Regions, First and Second Editions (1982 and 1986). Theodore Kaltsounis, Geography of States and Regions (1988). 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iiii 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2233 PPMM The Democratization of Albania Democracy from Within Theodore Kaltsounis 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iiiiii 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2233 PPMM THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF ALBANIA Copyright © Theodore Kaltsounis, 2010. All rights reserved. First published in 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above c ompanies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–0–230–10458–7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaltsounis, Theodore. The democratization of Albania / Theodore Kaltsounis. p. cm. ISBN 978–0–230–10458–7 (alk. paper) 1. Democracy—Albania. 2. Democratization—Albania. 3. Albania— Politics and government. I. Title. JN9689.A15K35 2009 320.94965—dc22 2009052012 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2010 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iivv 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2233 PPMM This book is dedicated to my grandchildren Christina Ariana Nicholas Theodore Andrew Alexander May they grow to become strong democracy builders. 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd vv 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2233 PPMM This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 The Burden of the Past and Dreaming Democracy 9 2 Building Relationships and Exploring Curriculum 27 3 Selecting Leaders and Defining Basic Concepts 45 4 Teaching, Learning, and Teacher’s Guides 65 5 Publishing the Materials and Starting a Network 81 6 Expanding the Network and Addressing Feedback 97 7 Network Strengthening through the Universities 113 8 Evaluating and Concluding the Project 129 9 Democratization and Albania’s Experiment 143 10 Presenting a New Model for Albania and Beyond 157 Notes 175 Index 183 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd vviiii 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2244 PPMM This page intentionally left blank Foreword T heodore Kaltsounis has written a timely, important, and inspir- ing book. In a time when so many hopes for democracy around the world have been dashed, The Democratization of Albania: Democracy from Within, will raise the spirits of democracy activ- ists everywhere. Kaltsounis presents the story of the gradual democratic trans- formation of post-communist Albania—long one of the poorest countries in Europe, which suffered for decades under a particu- larly brutal Leninist dictatorship. This case study turns out to have multiple lessons for everyone interested in democratic reform. First, Kaltsounis shows the profound impact of civic educa- tion on democratic participation, particularly among the young. In a period when social scientists have focused on the design of formal constitutions and electoral institutions as determinants of democracy, rather than longer-term changes in political culture, Kaltsounis’s emphasis on education is a refreshing and welcome corrective. Second, notwithstanding its subtitle, Democracy from Within also helps us understand much more clearly just what Western policymakers can do to support democracy “from without.” Specifically, by targeting external grant funds to support princi- pled teachers who support civic education in schools and universi- ties in multiple regions over an extended period—instead of simply providing short-term aid to savvy operatives in the capital city, as so many failed efforts at democratization assistance have done in the past—Western donors can provide a crucial sense of security to key individuals within otherwise isolated democratic activist networks. Third, Kaltsounis’s book illustrates a remarkable personal jour- ney on the part of the author, who left Albania as a child and who later became a noted scholar of civic education in the United 99778800223300110044558877__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iixx 66//77//22001100 1122::4422::2244 PPMM

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The Democratization of Albania describes a multi-year project designed to promote democracy in Albania through the country’s entire educational system. Instructional materials were developed, including a basic manual, to introduce open and interactive teaching by a network of almost 3000 teachers
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