The Demise of Marxism-Leninism in Russia

249 Pages·2004·1.32 MB·English

by  Archie Brown (eds.)

St Antony’s Series
General Editor: David Faure (2003–4), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford
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The Demise of
Marxism-Leninism in Russia
Edited by
Archie Brown
Professor of Politics, Oxford University, and
Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford
in Association with
Palgrave Macmillan
© Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2004
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-0-333-65123-0
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2004 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom
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ISBN 978-0-333-65124-7 ISBN 978-0-230-55440-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230554405
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The demise of Marxism-Leninism in Russia / edited by Archie Brown.
p. cm.– (St. Anthony’s series)
“Successor volume to … ‘New thinking in Soviet politics’ … written in
1992”–preface.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
(pbk: alk.paper)
1. Liberalism–Russia (Federation) 2. Liberalism–Soviet Union. 3.
Communism–Russia (Federation) 4. Communism–Soviet Union. I. Brown,
Archie, 1938-II. Series.
JC574. 2.R8D46 2004
320.947’09’049–dc22
2004051670
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
In affectionate and respectful memory
of
Alexander Dallin
(1924–2000)
and
Alec Nove
(1915–1994)
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Contents
Preface ix
Notes on the Contributors xi
Glossary xv
1 Introduction 1
Archie Brown
2 The Rise of Non-Leninist Thinking about the Political System 19
Archie Brown
3 The Rise of Non-Leninist Thinking on the Economy 41
Alec Nove
4 The Development of Russian Liberal Thought since 1985 51
Igor V. Timofeyev
5 Transforming the ‘National Question’: New Approaches
to Nationalism, Federalism and Sovereignty 119
Gail W. Lapidus
6 The Rise of New Thinking on Soviet Foreign Policy 178
Alexander Dallin
7 The Development of New Thinking about World Communism 192
Alexander Dallin
8 Some Concluding Observations 207
T.H. Rigby
Index 225
vii
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Preface
This book is a successor volume to a very much shorter (and now out-
of-print) book, New Thinking in Soviet Politics, written while the Soviet
Union was still in existence and published by Macmillan (now Palgrave
Macmillan) in 1992. The chapters by the late Alexander Dallin and the
late Alec Nove, to whom this book is dedicated and whose loss we still
mourn, appear here with only minor changes from what they wrote at
that time. They stand the test of time well and remain instructive and
insightful. By far the greater part of the material in the chapters that
follow is, however, published for the first time. Not only is The Demise
of Marxism–Leninism in Russia a much longer book than its precursor
but its lengthiest chapter deals with a major topic – liberal thought in
Russia – that has received all too little attention and was not the
subject of separate treatment in the earlier book. Thus, an important
addition to the team of contributors to the previous volume is Igor
Timofeyev who has produced a very substantial scholarly account of
the rise of liberal thinking in Russia.
There are several advantages bestowed by the passage of time. The
period in which the Soviet Union changed out of all recognition,
1985–1991, and ultimately ceased to exist as a state, can now be seen
as a whole and with additional time for reflection. Attention can
also in the early years of the twenty-first century be paid to what has
happened to Marxism–Leninism in post-Soviet Russia. The issue of
whether Marxism–Leninism has really been consigned to the dustbin
of history or whether it could make a comeback in Russia is
addressed in more than one chapter. The book is not only about new
ideas but also about the politics of intellectual innovation in the
Soviet Union and Russia and the socio-political context in which
ideational change occurred.
On a technical point, the system of transliteration from the Russian
language used in the titles of books and articles in the endnotes is the
British Standard scheme, one that is also that employed by the
American journal, Post-Soviet Affairs. In the text of the book, however,
the system has been simplified in a number of ways, such as dropping
the ‘i’ in ‘iy’ endings of proper names. Thus, ‘Valeriy’ becomes Valery
and ‘Yavlinskiy’ becomes Yavlinsky. Some inconsistency is unavoidable,
for while, in general, we have opted for the ‘y’ ending as in ‘Andrey’,
ix