The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931

695 Pages·2014·7.36 MB·English

by  Adam Tooze

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First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books Ltd.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Tooze, J. Adam.
The deluge: the Great War and the remaking of global order, 1916-1931 / Adam Tooze.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
eBook ISBN 978-0-69817627-0
1. World War, 1914-1918—Influence. 2. World War, 1914-1918—Social aspects. 3. World War, 1914-1918—Economic aspects. 4.
World War, 1914-1918—United States. 5. Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924. 6. World politics—1919-1932. 7. Balance of power—History
—20th century. 8. Economic history—1918-1945. 9. International relations—History—20th century. I. Title.
D523.T46 2014
940.3'1—dc23
2014005314
Version_1
For Edie
Most troublesome questions are thus handed over, sooner or later, to the historian. It is his
vexation that they do not cease to be troublesome because they have been finished with by
statesmen, and laid aside as practically settled . . . It is a wonder that historians who take
their business seriously can sleep at night’.
Woodrow Wilson1
The chronicle is finished. With what feelings does one lay down Mr. Churchill’s two-
thousandth page? Gratitude . . . Admiration . . . A little envy, perhaps, for his undoubting
conviction that frontiers, races, patriotisms, even wars if need be, are ultimate verities for
mankind, which lends for him a kind of dignity and even nobility to events, which for others
are only a nightmare interlude, something to be permanently avoided.
J. M. Keynes reviewing Winston Churchill’s book The Aftermath2
Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Epigraph
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
Maps
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction
The Deluge: The Remaking of World Order
ONE
The Eurasian Crisis
1 War in the Balance
2 Peace without Victory
3 The War Grave of Russian Democracy
4 China Joins a World at War
5 Brest-Litovsk
6 Making a Brutal Peace
7 The World Come Apart
8 Intervention
TWO
Winning a Democratic Victory
9 Energizing the Entente
10 The Arsenals of Democracy
11 Armistice: Setting the Wilsonian Script
12 Democracy Under Pressure
THREE
The Unfinished Peace
13 A Patchwork World Order
14 ‘The Truth About the Treaty’
15 Reparations
16 Compliance in Europe
17 Compliance in Asia
18 The Fiasco of Wilsonianism
FOUR
The Search for a New Order
19 The Great Deflation
20 Crisis of Empire
21 A Conference in Washington
22 Reinventing Communism
23 Genoa: The Failure of British Hegemony
24 Europe on the Brink
25 The New Politics of War and Peace
26 The Great Depression
Conclusion
Raising the Stakes
Photographs
Notes
Index
List of Illustrations
1. Colonel House and Woodrow Wilson, 1915.
2. Aftermath of Easter Rising, Dublin, June 1916.
3. German troops marching into Bucharest, December 1916.
4. Yuan Shi-Kai, 1916.
5. Men and women queuing to vote for the Russian Constituent Assembly,
November 1917.
6. The Tauride Palace, meeting place of the Constituent Assembly, January
1918.
7. American and French troops with Renault FT light tanks, 1918.
8. A blindfolded Russian negotiator with Habsburg troops en route to Brest-
Litovsk.
9. Prince Leopold of Bavaria signing the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, March 1918.
10. German troops in Kiev, August 1918.
11. Poster for the eighth German war loan, March 1918.
12. Poster for the Third US Liberty Loan, April 1918.
13. Kiel marines on the Friedrichstrasse, 7 November 1918.
14. The SMS Hindenburg sailing into Scapa Flow to surrender, 21 November
1918.
15. Woodrow Wilson welcomed on arrival at Dover, 26 December 1918.
16. Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George in Versailles.
17. ‘Red Scare’ cartoon by William Allen Rogers.
18. Japanese Red Cross nurses returning from the Siberian intervention, 1919
19. Matthias Erzberger and advisors discussing future of Danzig, March 1919.
20. Patriotic, anti-Japanese protestors in Shanghai, spring 1919.
21. Unemployment rally, London, January 1921.
22. An old woman being escorted to vote in the Upper Silesia plebiscite, March
1921.
23. Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.
24. The Washington Naval Conference, November 1921.
25. Gandhi Day, Delhi, July 1922.
26. French troops guarding the entrance hall to the Coal Syndicate, the Ruhr,
January 1923.
27. Lenin’s funeral, Moscow, January 1924.
28. Ku Klux Klan parade, Washington DC, 1926.
29. Japan’s Foreign Minister Kijuro Shidehara.
30. General Chiang Kai Shek being greeted by crowds in Hankow, 1927
31. Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann, September 1926.
32. Crowds gathering outside the London Stock Exchange after the Gold
Standard had been suspended, 21 September 1931.
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