The Death of Yugoslavia

207 Pages·1995·39.445 MB·English

by  Allan Little, Laura Silber

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Willite e westernw orlds tood by.
il
seeminglpya ralyseadn,d International
peacee ffortbsr oked own,t ilef ormer
Yllgoslavwiaas witnessinEgl lrope's
bloodiecsotn flifcortl Ial!c entllry.
it
a Yugosl/lvr·as t llfci rst
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account go behintdh ep ubhcf ace
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Balkancso rresponu'eonrtt he
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andA llalni ttalwe,a rdw lnnmg
Times, BBC
journa1 Stp.l O1lhor oadt o. ..a.ra ndt hew ar
IlseiTfh.e y nPp OlnIth ek eye venttSh ai
occurriendt hec apItalosfB elgradea nd
Zagreba,n d InV lilaegs f(lvgaed by' ethn,c
cleansinga'n d drawo n eye,wllness
testimonysc.r upulous reseMcha nd
hundredso f Intcr�..l..e. s give
10
urwrecdccnteadc cestso t hef actbse hind
the media S\OflesC.I ilJllenglng the
receivWeids dom thew aro ccurraesd
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a spontaneoaunsd I nevlt8ebrulpeti on
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Coulda nythihnagv eb eend one prevent
10
thiSt emblet ragedy?W llOt Wilble liS
lastinefgf ects? authorcso nSider
The
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siluallaonnd I tsI mphcat,olnosrI Ulure
Inlernallroeniaa iioWnnst.t enW ithl Iall
anda uthorily.
The Deilrh 01 YIJgoSl8vI8
offersa uniQueI nSlghl a war
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CONTENTS
ansdc hoalsoa nroesft hEen glish-wsoprelladek'aisdin ingnt ge ropfr eters
thcea uasnepdsr ogorfte hsYesu gowsalrahsvek, rn owloeftd hgpeeo litics Maps
oft hfeo rYmuegro silusan veiqaua amlolfneogdr jeoiugrnn alists.
vi
AllLaint htalbsee eacn o rreswpiotBnBhdC er natda inotd e lenveiwssi on CasotfC haracters
X"
sin1c9e8a8 n hda sc ovetrhweead ri snt hfeo rYmuegro ssliantvchieea
fighetriunpigtnI e hsdeu mmoef1r9 9H1e.h arse pofrrtomemod s otft he Abbreviations
"""
theaotrfce osn filnCir cotaa tnBidoa s nia-Heanncdg wohovlwniSi n dae ­
oPnr oniuonnc iat
sprperaadfi ohsreic so mpassaicocnooaufttn hetwe sa arn,td h ocsaeu ugph t Note
XX"
ini tH.ic so nsipsetrecnetrpletypi ovhreatl sia nbigad tr hede y nllbmoitchs
oft he itsaenoldftf hfea ilure ofef fortisnt toee nimdtll .r ional Introduction
XXI.II
war PE.-':CUlN BOOKS
BBCB OOKS
PARTO NK LAYINGT HEC HARGE
Thibso oiks p ublisthoae cdc omptlnhtyee l evisseiroienen st itled ChaptIe:r' ThiissO urL and' 29
hich wasf irbsrto adcianas utt um1n9 9.$T hese TrbtiW 1eDSs tl lifi h ThSet irofr SienrNgab ti onaliJm
YugopJr{oaduvcf;eoEdarB CwT elevisbiyoB nri:lI1 LappiAnsgs ociLatt.de s
AssocPirlotdeu cer Simkin
SeriPnr oduaNMiroch naeln Pae rcy Chapt2e:r N o One Shouldt oBD eaarYteo u' 36
ProduarlDilA"KtttgoMrua csq ueaennd PMauitlce ll TIRNis eo fS loboMdialnaf roit
Apr1i9l8 7-Deu1m9b8e7r
Published Pn inG rooapn dB BCW orldwihdLet d
e
Penguin PenBogoksu BobyioLn ksI the d2U ,7WS guAIrg inht3scu7 .n5He, ud,L son o nSdtroWen8e N tSTZe,, w YE onrgkl,a nd Chapt3e:r'T NhoSWe al yoB vaSecpknr'ei 1 n9g8,8 49
NewY or1k0 01U4S,A
Pl:nginu BookAsu str.diaL td, Ringwood,A uVsitcrtaolriiaa ,
PenguBiono kCsa nldLat d1,0 A lcoArvne nuTeo,r onOton,l 1rCiaon,al\.-t4 dVa JB2 Chapter' Comrade SlTohbionHdkaa rnd,'
Mil itAJn ti-BurReeavuoclrutaitoinc
PenguBiono k(sN Z)L Id1,8 2-1W9a0i raRuo adA,u ckla1n0dN, e wZ ealand 4: 60
PenguBiono kLst dR,e gtiersedO fficesH:a rmondsworMtihd,d lesEenxg,l and Julyof1 ro988-M1a9r8c9h
Firpsutb lis1h9e9d5 Chapt5erT: saL ra zaCrh'osi ce
CopyrighBtr iLaanp piAnsgs ociatn 1995
0 righ rc:servnl Mar1c9h8 9-Ja1n9u9a0ry
74
Them on.! riAgohllft t haeu thorsb eena sserted
lS has
Chapter CroatRifilaeno na C roatSihaonu lde8r7'
and� t byN icMko rley
DWgnedM aps by ThAtw akmionfCg r oatia
6::A
Primedand boundE nA1gellwno.darbnCydCiri lta Lytsd S,t l vepsk 1989-1990
in
EC.lxm.It coI bhhe, ta-..pi tdne.."tnthnW . oha.i i Utet tbnywn, ch wih oOt:l.tniuheySd0ticpefd l i titruh ltib p5ba toesomlu hdcn·fgeoiAmbare ' .tre lo , mp ri tipraClhsione,rho�trw doordeh'win n bd tibit soel ..hoshlcu soe emtauai k,m s r:bsn s i.ts ".onmW-arer l °Il sqmcddf1, uopuo h , .n UlIb,·efd·-c.� r im, b.dhi 'e atO. 05no U.'n eriI' hd ono ,Cmrdro OIgcu dt, odh·mv.ite oe onhrnrttghiw h sitae s re CPhAaRpTT t7WeO:Jr'T,a TLh nhKIeuReGn ae HirmRTnrntIA abNun1ToGgtt9uHf lass9E S l t Fl0i Ua oSunEg htPeeroepdl e9'8
Chapt8e:r' You'Cvheo seWna r' 113 Chapt1er8T :h eC leansing 269
TIANr mionfgS loawnnCdir ao atia TISNu mmu19o9f2
Apr1i9G-l9j- anu1a99r1y
19W:e arteh Wei nners' 285
Chapter
Thuen doCno nftrmu
Chapt9e:r' IWfe Don'Ktn owH owt oW ork.
AtL easWte KnowH ow Fight' 129 MorDeumh1u9 92
TIDNe ciMJoin'lJteh [0
Mar1c99h1 Chatper2 0T:h eH otteCsotrn er 293
TIFNa ollSf r ehuannidc Sl1o Afrte aJ
Apr19i9l3
Chapter1 0T:h eD esceinnttW oa r UN
CroaatntidhaS e e ThJ
Fehrua1r99y1-j une 146 21L:a st-chCaanfcee 306
Chapter
ThRei ua nFda oltflh Vla nu-OPwlma n
Chapt1e1rC: o nversaotfti hoen sD eaf 161 januar1r9M9a3y
ThLlO CJht aSnqcuea ndered
Marj un199e 1 hatepr2 2B:e warYeo uFrr ieanH du ndred-fol3d2 3
C
ThMeU JlimC-oCnrfolaitc t
19929-914
PARTT HREE, THEE XPLOSIOONF W AR
Chapt1e2r': T hHeo uorf E urohpaeDs a wned' 169 Chapt2e3rT :h eH MS Invisihlt 336
SlovmPihaosn ey War TalakStsm S ,u mm1e99r3
junt-199ju1l y
24A: Qy estioonfC ontrol
Chapter
Chapt1e3r: UndeclaarnedDd i rtWayr ' 186 ThMea rSJquutBa orema hn tdh l
343
TlNjNiACn r oatia NATOU ilimatum
j'Anu 'rDl(e199mh1e r Fthr1u99a4r y
Chapt1e4rY: u golsavCiaa rtt 209 Chapt2e5rG: a iniMnogr al Ground 354
CarIir lai Pnlgatno n's ThWeO Jhi..1nggrtuomnm t
Stplt199m-h1jearn 1u99a2r y Fehr1u99a4r y
urd
Chapt2e6rT: ot hMeo gadisLhiun e 360
ThBla tfotrl eG orAauiplr1,i9 l9 4
PART FOUR, BOSNlA
Chapt1e5rB: e fotrheDe e luge 226
ju1ly99 O-Ma1r99c2h 27i'\: D aggeirnt hBea ck' 373
Chapter
ThSee rhSipalni t1,99f4u 1l1
Chapt1e6rT: h eG a..t o;fH ell 245
ThOeu thofr WeaairkBn o snia nl n
C c s
1-10..1pr19i9l2,
o uio 384
Acknowledgements 390
Chapt1e7rT: h eP resiidseK nitd napped 255
May2-19932, Index 392
Au i
s a
tr
Italy
SWVENIA Romania
CROATIA
Pauac
BihBaa�n ja
G!,sp.i �B OSNLIuAka.·
J?rvar
Tuzla
Jajce
Kni. SERBIA
. Sa• rajevo
-y
'"
""
Ni�
� •
/
Q
0
,
/ <=> Bulgaria
�
<f'
�
•S kopje
Q
MACEOONIA
Greece
1945-1991
Yugoslavia
"U
MARCH 199C2e:a seifinrC er oaatniBdao snoinath et hresohfo ld J9 93V:a nce-Owpelna n
war
SPRING
S/t.ol'tn
itJ Zagreb
I •
I'ojvodlnll
1 Prijedor·
Lu�.
�--'. B.K� jK
SaMki
M<><{
2
'.
11,5,1Mu9 slipmr ovinces
� ProtecAtreeda s Criona tia ! 6S1erpb r ovinces
UN 12.43 ,I ,Cr oaptr ovinces
Bo.<;nia-Herzegovin.1:
C atm ajority 1180 I Mi xeMdu slim-Crporaotv ince
�
r
Muslimma jority
[ill o [7 ISa reavjo s,p ecisatla tus
majority
�
withoaubts oluntaet iomnaajlo rity
Em Serb
Territory
vm
ContaGcrto uppJ aann df ronJti nes
SEPTEMBER 1993:
Serbo-Crpolaaftno thre partiotfiBo ons nia JULY 1994:
mediatbeydO wena ndS toltenberg
BanjL.u •b
"....F rloinnte
TerSreigrtaboisrn y
Crtoeartr itory
� TerurintSdoeercrryob n trol
Mustleirmr itory
1::::::::\ TerSriethroabrtvsycoe e de
Setrebr ritory
Saruanjdeevcroo ntrol
o
Saruanjdeevarod ministration
� TenuintUNMdo uersryl icmo-nCtrroola t
UN
x
CAST OFC HARACTERS
BoritInvea-rnS, l ovneonne- commiosffisci-eolrne ead(k pelda nted)
CAST CHARACTERS documteon ts (1988).
AbdiFci,k- rLeCl;,I cloefbr rO eFa k'Aauwt�aooym o.pu rsovionfcW�leee rn BosaVneaMsc-ln,Ha aed rioDniiacr eocftV ourko vhaors'psdi utraiwlna gr.
Bosniinta hM'eu slim-poBpiuhrl�ea gtIeAod n .o flzetbegoVlc.
nval BoutrosB-oGuhtraolsi .S ecreGteanreyr aL
AdtBilca,g oGjecn eJrNaAl .C hiSetfa( ff1o 9f9a 1n)Fd e deDne.lf ence UN
Mini(s1t9e_ 9r2 ). Brezak, Iva-Cnr oa-DteipaunIt nyt eMriinoir(s 1t9e9r1 ).
AksentMiijle-avJniN cAG. e neirnSa llo v-einmi�pias onie�nrd o at;:l B?r�etS,t a:-nJeN.AA dmiarnaSdlo lvwehnowase DepuDteyf ence
transtfoSe arrraejde vwoa rbw ehgeann . UncepreelmlosnbLiyoo nuesdl y MII"IllersP.e nsimO tnhefedl TSbtip gu rogfe Yugoslagve-noeririnae lnst ated
_
MiiooeviC. 1992.
AndjelkRoavdimi:-i,Ml ial ooa.iedvedi ucr ihnigisse t op ower. Broz,josipF ounodfCe orm munYiusgto sRlualvfreiodam .1 945
r unthiidlse at1h9 8i0n.
-llT-O
AUllH\uis,a meEdtihnn Ailcb anMiialno,S pelvaKc'eSim Knao ns oP-artyv.o
_ Bui�nN,e n-ado nt?ee�os'r epreseonntt haFete idvePerr aels iwdheon cy
�
BabMiicl,a Lne adoeftr h Ke:r ajSienrrabe belinlC iroona tia. reSiaglnoewndllg h joIvMnla Cr c1h9 9U1n.l ihkiSese rbcioaUne ahgeu es
_
nevreert urned.
BadinRtocbre-,Jr utd gCeh,a iromfta hnEe C A rbitrCaotmimointo tne e:
Yugos(l1a9v9i1a) . Budimirov-iKco,s oSveora bc tivist.
B�ko
BajramSoevj_i dAcop, p oinKtoes�odo' resprc sc:ntt�aieo n�h eY ugoslav BulatKoovsi-teKa,o soSveor abc tivist.
FedePrraels iidne1 n99c-1yu nswerlvomygtaloMly i lo�eV1c.
Bulatovi-cC,a mteo p owoenrS loboMdialno kcvoiaCt'-st ails.
Momir
YoungMeosntt enPeagrrCtohy i aenfld a teelre cted oPMfro enstiedneengtr o.
Baker,-JUaSmS eesc reotfSa tra(yt1 e9 91).
SaveIagro,rS l oveDneipauD'tesyf eMnicnri satnefdri ,rPs otl Miicnei ster CuringLtoorPnde, t -eFri rEsCtp eaecnrv (o1y9 91-92).
_
aftienrd ependence,
ChristWoaprhre-eUrnS, S ecreotfSa tra-ytfr eo m1 992.
8ilanDduZbi-neT ,u djmaadnv'iissn1 o 9r9 S1i.n 1c9r9D 4e pUHluyd o f
thCer oatoiffiacineBn e lgrade. ChurkViint-,aR luys ssipae'cesin :.t.vtloof y o rmYeurg os(l1a9v99i34a-) .
CkreDboiSc-,a&: nr bC ommunist fSutnacgmteoidcor kne asriyg.n ation
BobaMna,l- eB osnCir:.omla eta oduesrw,t hedet nh Meu slim-Croal
federwaatcsir oena ted. ordebryMe idl oSeivn1i 9c8 8.
CosDioeb.r iIcan fluSeenrtbiniaaaltn i ownrailstieesertn s piritual
BogdanRoavidcm,-i Ilnot eMriinoirs otfSe err b��i�at.e d demon­ fatohfSe err Pbrse.s iodfFe RnYft ro m1 992-93. as
straotni9 f','lo anrs c1h9,9 R1e.m aionneoedfM ilo�v\cClso sceosnfitd ant5.
-
afm
Cvetkovi-cM,ajyooovrfSa vne tozcaornefvroMo,in ltoekdav Mtia ty ors'
BogieBeovgi-ieBe o snHieag-oviasnr epreseonntt haFete idveer al
nc: ' meetiinMna gr c1h9 91.
Presi.Sd eernwbch or emailnoeytdaoB l o sngioa'vse rndmuernittnh ge
; war.
DeM ichdGiisa,n- nIit aFloiraenMi ignni (s1t9e9r1 ).
BokanD,r ago-sUllatvr anaptoilointaSilecirpisbataa r nmi.t leader.
ilary
DedakoMviilee,- J-aCsrroraetbi an coofmVmuaknoAdvraerrre. sa tfetde r
8oljkova-Fci,rJIsontst ieMpri inoirso tfienrde enepnCtr oarteisap,o nsi­
.� accusingo Tfnu ohdtej lmpadinen fge tnhtdeo wn.
blfeo rre cruiotftm heonutso afnn edwCs r opaotlce
11"1
l 199G-91.
DegorSiIdajva-Pk,ro o miHnDeZno tf fiHceilsadel v.ek repayol s itiino ns
BorFarsa,n Cjroo raetp reseonnBt oastniPivraeens idNeenvcreyer.r uffled
_ Croatia.
toS araajfetMveaory 1 992.
xiii
xu
CASTO F CHARACTERS CASTO FC HARACTERS
Delimustafi_e B,o sAnliIianjnta e Mriinoirs (t1e9r9 1-Mu9s2l)i.aml olfy GverMilo.a, n -ColonJeNl AS pok's maannd IatDe re p"C,o>m,m andoefr
FikrAebtd ie. th e B osma5ne rbs . ·
Di'iak.-jGoevnaenr Saelr.Db e.p utCyo mmandoefr Btohse niAarnm y. LHaadti.ue�:icrG c oar'ma-PenSr .e ecSrIoedfoKre raftnarh tjVye'iu nkao.vb arra nocfth h SeO Si n1 99.1
DizdareRvalci_ ,fB o snirae'psr esetnott haFete idvePerr aels idency,
replabcyBe odg ieB ogititnv1 i9t9 0. HadtifejSzeonvaidSe a,-r ajteevloe viewss oannc hrnman.
DjukSileo,b o-dMaany oorfV a ljeAvtot.e ndeMda rcMha yormse'e ting HafnVeinrk!o- O ldS� oveCnoem muniMsetm.b eoorft hCee ntral
when warned: 'Alte awset how1 f6 ight'. CommitotfYeue �laV1Warnae.d thath ew asl ead'ihen g
know to counttroyw adrldsssar er.
Milokvlt Milokvit
DjurdjVeo\':ljci,-s Gleanve rJNaAl C.o mmandeirnS arajevo.
Halilovie-,F irSCseotfm cmran deorfB osniAarnm y.
Doko,je-rCkroo aBto.s nian DMeifneins(ct1ee 9r9 1).
HurDdo,ug las -BritFiosrhe Siegcrenta r.y
DolBeo,b- RepublUiScS aenn alteea der.
IzetbeAligjoa-v Foiucn,di ng loefta hdeMe urs liPma ro f ocr.ca
DDtomolmk ilobvjeiarVacnll,,l__ . ZkCH ar hOkaZroo i ffiscmSieSaarptlbei.iaCo a�po npfr to hsCeirt lioeoaantPd- ifeaarrrno lm ni aa(tm1ie9on9nta1 l)i.s t m�ftAdccetrmpi e(ulonSnnd�-e AapnEn)carelldew.etye at c c.roi Pntsre edi1s n9i o9dPf0etr .nhePt esr i deoesvdieB droofe sBn�ncidnyeai0_ c�ara'a l str �i oez ng0: f on a
jackovich-,F iVriUscStAt mobra ssatdoBo ors nia-Herzegovina.
Drnov§ek,j-aSlnocv'l.e nrieap'rse seonntt ahYteui gvoes Fleadve ral
Presidaenndlca ytP erri mMei nisotfie nrd ependSelnotv enia. Jag.�ara,dimir -JN�.co lonaeVtl i rovwihtoibc eat. r aGyeende. r paelge }J."
CroanDaesf enMcmel st,oe vrec rl andeeg surni-nr unompnegr ations.
DurakoNviije_a B,'l.o sniCaonmm uniPsatr tlye aderre,m aiinnoe pdp osi­ S
tiotnol eztbegoviC. �a,jane�-: S l�oen.ej ournalainsdot p posiatcitoinwv hiosb te,c ame
EaglebLuarwgreer-n,Fc oer mAemrb assadtooYr u goslAacvitai.n g encMem iste1r0 m dependSelnotv enia.
SeCfClaryo fS la(t1e92 )9. ��K�a'j''u-SE at hnAilcb aniPaanr tCyh ieoffK osovoou,s tweidt h
GalbrPaeilt-ehUr,S AmbassatdoCo rro atia1 9fr9o3m.
GameE,j u_ p ugos la'vr epresetnoIr haBetio vsen iParne sidbeunStcD yA, JL0akta,e'In'rpeo Z,a rk-oA leadoefsr t uddeenmto nstrianMt airocn1hs9 9. 1
leadEemre.r'Y g1e9d9 as2 B osniaf'asCV IicOPe r esident. I.
d� jovanovic, VSleardbFiiosarlnae Mvii g-nni ster.
GenscHhaenrDs,i etr-iGcerhm aFnor eiMginn ister, ErCa iinltroo aded
Croatreicaong ionni itn1 991. �:e�,O risa-vS eri.�b'sr epreseonntt ahtFeie vdeeP rraels idHeenlcady .
to paratnydp ohlipcoasltA s cl.o saes socoifSa ltoeb oMdialno �vit.
Gligoro-vF,i rpsrte siodfie nndte penMdaecnetd oSnhirae.w d
politwihcois aunr vifivvedede caodfYeu sg oslpaolvti ics.
Kim JuppAel,a- iFnr enFcohr eMiignni s(t1e9r9 4-95).
Gr:.te.aPneitn-u,J NAG enerSaelr.b Piraens i(d1e9n8t 8I-n8t9e)r.i or i
MinisitnAe nrt Mea rkovGioCv'esr nment. JuerP,e rka- CroatDieap'usPt oyl ice M1in9i9s0t.e r,
GranMiact,-e C roatiFaonr eiMginn is-tferorm 1 993. dKuan�in.nJSgel look- vSwelanorev. e Innef ormaMtiinoins-t cerre dwiittemhde dl·a b Ilt"z
GreguFrriea,n- jHoD Zo fficHieallsd.e vefruanlc tiionncsl,uP driinmge
MinisotfCe rro a(t1ia9 91). KadijVeevlij-ckF,eo d eral MDienfiesn1tc9ee8r 8 -2.1 99