The Dead Sea scrolls : a very short introduction PDF
Preview The Dead Sea scrolls : a very short introduction
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short Introduction Very Short Introductions are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes – a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: ANARCHISM Colin Ward CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY CLASSICS Mary Beard and Julia Annas John Henderson ANCIENT WARFARE CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard Harry Sidebottom THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE CONSCIOUSNESS Susan Blackmore John Blair Continental Philosophy ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia Simon Critchley ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn COSMOLOGY Peter Coles ARCHITECTURE THE CRUSADES Andrew Ballantyne Christopher Tyerman ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes CRYPTOGRAPHY ART HISTORY Dana Arnold Fred Piper and Sean Murphy ART THEORY Cynthia Freeland DADA AND SURREALISM THE HISTORY OF David Hopkins ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin Darwin Jonathan Howard Atheism Julian Baggini THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS Augustine Henry Chadwick Timothy Lim BARTHES Jonathan Culler Democracy Bernard Crick THE BIBLE John Riches DESCARTES Tom Sorell THE BRAIN Michael O’Shea DESIGN John Heskett BRITISH POLITICS DINOSAURS David Norman Anthony Wright DREAMING J. Allan Hobson Buddha Michael Carrithers DRUGS Leslie Iversen BUDDHISM Damien Keown THE EARTH Martin Redfern BUDDHIST ETHICS Damien Keown EGYPTIAN MYTH Geraldine Pinch CAPITALISM James Fulcher EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe BRITAIN Paul Langford CHOICE THEORY THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball Michael Allingham EMOTION Dylan Evans EMPIRE Stephen Howe LITERARY THEORY ENGELS Terrell Carver Jonathan Culler Ethics Simon Blackburn LOCKE John Dunn The European Union LOGIC Graham Priest John Pinder MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner EVOLUTION THE MARQUIS DE SADE Brian and Deborah Charlesworth John Phillips FASCISM Kevin Passmore MARX Peter Singer FEMINISM Margaret Walters MATHEMATICS Timothy Gowers FOSSILS Keith Thomson MEDICAL ETHICS Tony Hope FOUCAULT Gary Gutting MEDIEVAL BRITAIN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION John Gillingham and Ralph A. Griffiths William Doyle MODERN ART David Cottington FREE WILL Thomas Pink MODERN IRELAND Senia Pasˇeta Freud Anthony Storr MOLECULES Philip Ball Galileo Stillman Drake MUSIC Nicholas Cook Gandhi Bhikhu Parekh Myth Robert A. Segal GLOBALIZATION NATIONALISM Steven Grosby Manfred Steger NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner GLOBAL WARMING Mark Maslin NINETEENTH-CENTURY HABERMAS BRITAIN Christopher Harvie and James Gordon Finlayson H. C. G. Matthew HEGEL Peter Singer NORTHERN IRELAND HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood Marc Mulholland HIEROGLYPHS Penelope Wilson PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close HINDUISM Kim Knott paul E. P. Sanders HISTORY John H. Arnold Philosophy Edward Craig HOBBES Richard Tuck PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE HUMAN EVOLUTION Samir Okasha Bernard Wood PLATO Julia Annas HUME A. J. Ayer POLITICS Kenneth Minogue IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Indian Philosophy David Miller Sue Hamilton POSTCOLONIALISM Intelligence Ian J. Deary Robert Young ISLAM Malise Ruthven POSTMODERNISM JOURNALISM Ian Hargreaves Christopher Butler JUDAISM Norman Solomon POSTSTRUCTURALISM Jung Anthony Stevens Catherine Belsey KAFKA Ritchie Robertson PREHISTORY Chris Gosden KANT Roger Scruton PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner Catherine Osborne THE KORAN Michael Cook Psychology Gillian Butler and LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews Freda McManus QUANTUM THEORY SOCIALISM Michael Newman John Polkinghorne SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce RENAISSANCE ART Socrates C. C. W. Taylor Geraldine A. Johnson THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR ROMAN BRITAIN Peter Salway Helen Graham ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler SPINOZA Roger Scruton RUSSELL A. C. Grayling STUART BRITAIN John Morrill RUSSIAN LITERATURE TERRORISM Charles Townshend Catriona Kelly THEOLOGY David F. Ford THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION THE HISTORY OF TIME S. A. Smith Leofranc Holford-Strevens SCHIZOPHRENIA TRAGEDY Adrian Poole Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone THE TUDORS John Guy SCHOPENHAUER TWENTIETH-CENTURY Christopher Janaway BRITAIN Kenneth O. Morgan SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer THE VIKINGS Julian D. Richards SIKHISM Eleanor Nesbitt Wittgenstein A. C. Grayling SOCIAL AND CULTURAL WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman ANTHROPOLOGY THE WORLD TRADE John Monaghan and ORGANIZATION Peter Just Amrita Narlikar Available soon: AFRICAN HISTORY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS John Parker and Richard Rathbone Paul Wilkinson ANGLICANISM Mark Chapman JAZZ Brian Morton CHAOS Leonard Smith MANDELA Tom Lodge CITIZENSHIP Richard Bellamy PERCEPTION Richard Gregory CONTEMPORARY ART PHILOSOPHY OF LAW Julian Stallabrass Raymond Wacks Derrida Simon Glendinning PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION ECONOMICS Partha Dasgupta Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot GLOBAL CATASTROPHES PHOTOGRAPHY Steve Edwards Bill McGuire PSYCHIATRY Tom Burns EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn RACISM Ali Rattansi THE FIRST WORLD WAR THE RAJ Denis Judd Michael Howard THE RENAISSANCE Jerry Brotton FUNDAMENTALISM ROMAN EMPIRE Malise Ruthven Christopher Kelly HIV/AIDS Alan Whiteside ROMANTICISM Duncan Wu For more information visit our web site www.oup.co.uk/general/vsi/ Timothy H. Lim THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS A Very Short Introduction 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York AucklandCape TownDar es SalaamHong Kong Karachi Kuala LumpurMadridMelbourne Mexico CityNairobi New DelhiShanghaiTaipeiToronto With offices in ArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzech RepublicFranceGreece GuatemalaHungary ItalyJapanPoland PortugalSingapore South Korea SwitzerlandThailand TurkeyUkraineVietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Timothy H. Lim 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published as a Very Short Introduction 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0–19–280659–9 978–0–19–280659–8 1357910864 2 Typeset by RefineCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall For my dear children Jonathan and Alison Contents List of illustrations ix 1 The Dead Sea scrolls as cultural icon 1 2 The archaeological site and caves 20 3 On scrolls and fragments 32 4 New light on the Hebrew Bible 40 5 Who owned the scrolls? 58 6 Literary compositions from the Qumran library 66 7 The Qumran-Essene community in context 72 8 The Qumran community 84 9 The religious beliefs of the Qumran community 100 10 The scrolls and early Christianity 106 11 The greatest manuscript discovery 117 References 121 Further reading 127 Appendix: Hitherto unknown texts 130 Index 135 List of illustrations 1 Headline from the Times, 7 The Habakkuk Pesher 33 6 June 1996 2 © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem NI Syndication 8 The Rule of the 2 Judaean Desert 8 Community 34 © Timothy H. Lim © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 3 The Shrine of the Book, 9 The Leningrad Codex 44 Israel Museum 10 Department of Manuscripts, © Buddy Mays/Corbis National Library of Russia 4 Front cover, On Scrolls, 10 Copy of Samuel, Artefacts and Intellectual preserving 1 Samuel Property 19 10–11 48 Timothy H. Lim, Hector L. Israel Antiquities Authority MacQueen, and Calum M. Carmichael (eds.) (Sheffield: 11 Fragment of Sheffield Academic Press, 2001) 4QGen-Exoda naming 5 Aerial view of Khirbet Mount Moriah as Qumran 24 ‘Elohim Yireh’ 50 Albatross Israel Antiquities Authority 6 Maps of the Dead Sea 12 David and Goliath in area, showing location of battle 53 Khirbet Qumran, the The Metropolitan Museum of caves, and cemetery 28 Art, gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917
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