The Darwinian Heritage

1152 Pages·1986·48.327 MB·English

by  David Kohn

THE
D A R W I N I A N
H E R I T A G E
Including Proceedings of
The Charles Darwin Centenary Conference,
Florence Centerfor the History
and Philosophy of Science,
June 1982
THE
D A R W I N I A N
H E R I T A G E
EDITED BY
DAVID KOHN
DREW UNIVERSITY
WITH BIBLIOGRAPHIC ASSISTANCE FROM
MALCOLM J. KOTTLER
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
IN ASSOCIATION WITH
NOVA PACIFICA
Copyright ©1985 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William
Street, Princeton, NewJersey 08540
In the United Kingdom:
Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
will be found on the last printed page of this book
ISBN 0-691-08356-8
Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press
books are printed on acid-free paper, and binding
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Paperbacks, although satisfactory for personal
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Designed by Publication Graphics Ltd., Wellington,
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Printed in the United States of America by Princeton
University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
To
Dov Ospovat, in memoriam
and
Sydney Smith, mentor of us all
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a great pleasure to thank the following colleagues: The
contributors to this volume for their support and unflagging
patience. Massimo Piatelli-Palmarini and Paolo Rossi of the
Florence Center for the History and Philosophy of Science,
which sponsored the 1982 Darwin Centenary Conference.
Pietro Corsi, who acted as my liaison during preparation for
the conference. Dorian Kottler who copy-edited the
manuscript. Anna Rogers, who co-ordinated editorial for Nova
Pacifica. J. A. Secord for invaluable assistance in correcting
the bibliography. Ray Labone of Nova Pacifica and Judith
May of Princeton University Press, who saw this project
through to completion. Special thanks to Roger Chapman,
who knocked on my door with a very bright idea.
CONTENTS
Contributors xi
Introduction: A High Regard for Darwin 1
PART ONE: THE EVOLUTION OF A THEORIST
Chapter 1: Going the Limit: Toward the Construction of Darwin's
Theory (1832-1839) Howard E. Gruber 9
Chapter 2: The Wider British Context in Darwin's Theorizing
Silvan S. Schweber 35
Chapter 3: Darwin's Invertebrate Program, 1826-1836:
Preconditions for Transformism Phillip R. Sloan 71
Chapter 4: Darwin's Early Intellectual Development: An Overview
of the Beagle Voyage (1831-1836) Frank J. Sulloway 121
Chapter 5: Owen and Darwin Reading a Fossil: Macrauchenia in
a Boney Light Stan P. Rachootin 155
Chapter 6: The Immediate Origins of Natural Selection
M. J. S. Hodge and David Kohn 185
Chapter 7: Darwin as a Lifelong Generation Theorist M. J. S. Hodge 207
Chapter 8: Darwin's Principle of Divergence as Internal
Dialogue David Kohn 245
Chapter 9: Darwin's Intellectual Development (Commentary)
Giuliano Pancaldi 259
Chapter 10: Speaking of Species: Darwin's Strategy John Beatty 265
Chapter 11: The Ascent of Nature in Darwin's Descent
of Man John R. Durant 283
Chapter 12: Darwin and the Expression of the Emotions Janet Browne 307
vu
THE DARWINIAN HERITAGE
Chapter 13: Darwin on Animal Behavior and Evolution
Richard W. BurkhardtJr. 327
l
Chapter 14: Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace: Two Decades
of Debate over Natural Selection Malcolm Jay Kottler 367
PART TWO: DARWIN IN VICTORIAN CONTEXT
Chapter 15: Darwin of Down: The Evolutionist as Squarson-
Naturalist James R. Moore 435
Chapter 16: Darwin the Young Geologist Sandra Herbert 483
Chapter 17: Darwin and the World of Geology (Commentary)
Martin J. S. Rudwick 511
Chapter 18: Darwin and the Breeders: A Social History
James A. Secord 519
Chapter 19: Darwin's Reading and the Fictions of Development
Gillian Beer 543
Chapter 20: Three Notes on the Reception of Darwin's Ideas on
Natural Selection (Henry Baker Tristram, Alfred Newton,
Samuel Wilberforce) I. Bernard Cohen 589
Chapter 21: Darwinism Is Social Robert M. Young 609
PART THREE: TOWARDS THE COMPARATIVE RECEPTION OF DARWINISM
Chapter 22: Scientific Attitudes to Darwinism in Britain and America
Peter J. Bowler 641
Chapter 23: Darwinism in Germany, France and Italy Pietro Corsi
and Paul J. Weindling 683
Chapter 24: Darwin and Russian Evolutionary Biology Francesa M. Scudo
and Michele Acanfora 731
PART FOUR: PERSPECTIVES ON DARWIN AND DARWINISM
Chapter 25: Darwin's Five Theories of Evolution Ernst Mayr 755
Chapter 26: Darwinism as a Historical Entity: A HistoriografJiic
Proposal David L. Hull 773
CONTENTS
Chapter 27: Darwinism Today (Commentary) Jacques Roger 813
Chapter 28: Adaptation and Mechanisms of Evolution After Darwin:
A Study in Persistent Controversies William B. Provine 825
Chapter 29: Darwin on Natural Selection: A Philosophical
Perspective Elliott Sober 867
Chapter 30: Images of Darwin: A Historiographic Overview
Antonello La Vergata 901
Chapter 31: The Beagle Collector and His Collections Dunmn M.
Porter 973
Bibliography 1021
Index 1101