The Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents PDF
Preview The Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents
THE CYTOSKELETON AT arget for Toxic Agents ROCHESTER SERIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY Series Editors: Thomas W. Clarkson and Morton W. Miller REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF METALS Edited by Thomas W. Clarkson, Gunnar F. Nordberg, and Polly R. Sager THE CYTOSKELETON: A Target for Toxic Agents Edited by Thomas W. Clarkson, Polly R. Sager, and Tore L. M. Syversen A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. THE CYTOSKELETON AT arget for Toxic Agents Edited by Thomas W. Clarkson University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester, New York Polly R. Sager University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut and Tore L. M. Syversen University of Trondheim Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norway PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Rochester International Conference on Environmental Toxicity (16th: 1984) The cytoskeleton. (Rochester series on environmental toxicity) "Proceedings of the 16th Rochester International Conference on Environmental Toxicity, held June 4-6, 1984, in Rochester, New York" - T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and indexes. 1. Toxicology, Experimental-Congresses. 2. Cell organelles - Research - Con gresses. 3. Poisons-Physiological effect-Congresses. I. Clarkson, Thomas W. II. Sager, Polly R. III. Syversen, Tore L. M. IV. Title. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Cyto plasmic Filaments - drug effects - congresses. 2. Environmental Pollutants-adverse effects-congresses. W3 R06683 16th 1984c1QH 591 R 676 1984c] RA1199.R62 1984 615.9 85-24470 ISBN-13:978-1-4612-9274-6 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4613-2161-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2161-3 Proceedings of the 16th Rochester International Conference on Environmental Toxicity, held June 4-6, 1984, in Rochester, New York © 1986 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Editorial Board: J. B. Cavanagh M. A. Lichtman T. W. Clarkson N. K. Mottet A. Elgsaeter J. B. Olmsted H. C. Guldberg P. R. Sager S. D. Lee T. L. M. Syversen Publications Editor: M. W. Miller University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester, New York Conference and Publications Coordinator: M. A. Terry University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester, New York PREVIOUS ANNUAL PUBLICATIONS FROM ROCHESTER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY 1968 Conference: Chemical Fallout: Current Research on Persistent Pesticides, (eds. Miller and Berg), Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Inc., 1969. 1969 Conference: Effects of Metals on Cells, Subcellular Elements, and Macromolecules, (eds. Maniloff, Coleman and Miller), Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Inc., 1970. 1970 Conference: Assessment of Airborne Particles, (eds. Mercer, Morrow and Stoeber), Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Inc., 1971. 1971 Conference: Mercury, Mercurials and Mercaptans, (eds. Miller and Clarkson), Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Inc., 1973. 1972 Conference: Behavioral Toxicology, (eds. Weiss, Laties and Miller), Plenum Press, 1975. 1973 Conference: Molecular and Environmental Aspects of Mutagenesis, (eds. Prakash, Sherman, Miller, Lawrence and Taber). Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Inc., 1973. 1974 Conference: Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Non-Ionizing Radiation, (eds. Michaelson, Miller, Magin and Carstensen), Plenum Press, 1975. 1975 Conference: Environmental Toxicity of Aquatic Radionuclides: Models and Mechanisms, (eds. Miller and Stannard), Ann Arbor Science Publications, 1976. 1976 Conference: Membrane Toxicity, (eds. Miller, Shamoo and Brand), Plenum Press, 1977. 1977 Conference: Environmental Pollutants: Detection and Measurement, (eds. Toribara, Coleman, Dahneke and Feldman), Plenum Press, 1978. 1978 Conference: Neurotoxicity of the Visual System, (eds. Merigan and Weiss), Raven Press, 1980. vii 1979 Conference: Polluted Rain, (eds. Toribara, Miller and Morrow), Plenum Press, 1980. 1980 Conference: Measurement of Risks, (eds. Berg and Maillie), Plenum Press, 1981. 1981 Conference: Induced Mutagenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Their Implications for Environmental Protection, (eds. Lawrence. Prakash, Sherman) Plenum Press, 1983. 1982 Conference: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals, (eds. Clarkson, Nordberg and Sager), Plenum Press, 1983. 1984 Conference: The Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents, (eds. Clarkson, Sager and Syversen), Plenum Press, 1985. PREFACE This book is based on reviews and research presentations given at the 16th Rochester International Conference on Environmental Toxicity, entitled liThe Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents," held on June 4, 5 and 6 in 1984. The conference provided an in-depth discussion of the effects a~d mechanism of action of some toxic agents on the cytoskeleton. Mamma"lian and other eukaryotic cells contain protein networks within the cytoplasm comprised of microfilaments, intermediate Hlaments and microtubules. These components of the cytoskeleton playa key role in cell shape, motility, intracellular organization and transport, and cell division. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton, via associations with the cell membrane, appears to function in intracellular communication and cellular responses to membrane events. Because of the complex functional roles of the cytoskeleton which vary with cell type, degree of differentiation, and cell cycle, its disruption may result in a variety of cellular changes. This expanding field in cell biology has already attracted the interest of toxicologists and environmental health scientists as a potentially fruitful area of research. Indeed, there is mounting evidence that certain toxic and chemotherapeutic compounds, as well as physical agents such as radiation and hydrostatic pressure, disrupt the normal structure and function of the cytoskeleton. This may be an important step in the overall expression of their action. It was, therefore, an opportune time to hold a conference to encourage the development of this area of toxicology and to suggest directions for future research. The approach taken in the organization of the conference was to bring together scientists in the basic biology of the cytoskeleton and toxicologists to promote an exchange of ideas for future possibilities in toxicology. The conference involved presentations of plenary review lectures, invited papers and workshop discussion groups. An Editorial Board was established to oversee the conference publication and to prepare overview chapters on the topic of the conference. The conference was sponsored by the Universities of Rochester (USA) and Trodeim (Norway). The plenary lectures and invited papers were presented in three main sessions. The conference was introduced by Deans Hans Cato Guldberg (UniverSity of Trondheim) and Marshall A. Lichtman (UniverSity of ROChester). The contents of each session including the title and the author who presented each paper are indicatd below: PLENARY LECTURE: THE CYTOSKELETON J.B. Olmsted, University of Rochester SESSION 1: MICROTUBULES AND MICROTUBULE INHIBITORS ix SESSION 1A Session Chairperson: J.B. Olmsted. University of Rochester Session Rapporteur: P.R. Sager. University of Connecticut Health Center Microtubules as Targets for Drug and Toxic Chemical Action: The Mechanisms of Action of Colchicine and Vinblastine l. Wilson, University of California at Santa Barbara Taxol: A Probe for Studying the Structure and Function of Microtubules S.B. Horwitz, Albert Einstein College of Medicine SESSION 1B Session Chairperson: M.W. Anders. University of Rochester School of Medicine Session Rapporteur: T.l.M. Syversen. University of Trondheim School of Medicine Reorganization of Axonal Cytoskeleton Following ~.~'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) Intoxication Sozos C. Papasozomenos, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Molecular and Cellular Aspects of the Interaction of Benzimidazole Carbamate Pesticides with Microtubules K. Gull, University of Kent Disruption of Microtubules by Methylmercury P.R. Sager, University or Connecticut Health Center SESSION 2: CYTOSKELETON OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Session Chairperson: T.l.M. Syversen. University of Trondheim School of Medicine Session Rapporteur: J.B. Cavanagh. Institute of Neurology. Queen Square Primary and Secondary Changes in Axonal Transport in Neurofibrillary Disorders J.W. Griffin. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Chemical Neurotoxins Accelerating Axonal Transport of Neurofilaments P. Gambetti, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine The Effect of Some Dithiocarbamates, Disulfiram and 2,5-Hexanedione on the Cytoskeleton of Neuronal Cells In Vivo and In Vitro V.P. lehto, University of Helsinki x Neurofibrillary Degeneration: The Role of Aluminum M. Shelanski, New York University School of Medicine Pathogenetic Studies of the Neurofilamentous Neuropathies D. Graham, Duke University Medical Center SESSION 3: CYTOSKELETON AND MEMBRANE RELATED EVENTS SESSION 3A Session Chairperson: P.l. la Celle. University of Rochester School of Medicine Session Rapporteur: M.A. Lichtman. University of Rochester School of Medicine Effects of Calcium on Structure and Function of the Human Red Blood Cell Membrane H. Passow, Max Planck Institute, Frankfurt/Main Spectrin and the Mechanochemical Properties of the Erythrocyte Membrane A. Elgsaeter, University of Trondheim, School of Medicine Effects of local Anesthetics and pH Change on the Platelet "Cytoskeleton" and on Platelet Activation V. Nachmias, University of Pennsylvania SESSION 3B Session Chairperson: A.C. Notides. University of Rochester School of Medicine Session Rapporteur: T.l.M •• Syversen. University of Trondheim, School of Medicine Inhibition of Motility by Inactivated Myosin Heads M. Sheetz, University of Connecticut Health Center Intracellular Translocation of Inorganic Particles A. Brody, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Receptor Cycling in Pituitary Cells: Biological Consequences of Inhibition of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis P. Hinkle, University of Rochester School of Medicine Conference Summary N.K. Mottet, University of Washington School of Medicine The conference co-chairpersons were Thomas W. Clarkson, University of Rochester, and Tore l.M. Syversen, University of Trondheim. The conference organizing committee was, in addition to the co-chairpersons, Hans Cato Guldberg, Paul L. La Celle, Morton W. Miller, Polly R. Sager and Michael A. Terry.
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