The Cutaneous Lymphoid Proliferations: A Comprehensive Textbook of Lymphocytic Infiltrates of the Skin PDF
Preview The Cutaneous Lymphoid Proliferations: A Comprehensive Textbook of Lymphocytic Infiltrates of the Skin
The Cutaneous Lymphoid Proliferations The Cutaneous Lymphoid Proliferations A Comprehensive Textbook of Lymphocytic Infiltrates of the Skin Second Edition Cynthia M. Magro MD Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology, Cornell University Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY, USA A. Neil Crowson MD Clinical Professor of Dermatology, Pathology, and Surgery Director of Dermatopathology at the University of Oklahoma and Regional Medical Laboratory President of Pathology Laboratory Associates Tulsa, OK, USA Martin C. Mihm MD Clinical Professor of Pathology and Dermatology, Harvard Medical School Director of Melanoma Program, Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Co-Director of Melanoma Program, Dana-Farber and Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center Director, Mihm Cutaneous Pathology Consultative Service Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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ISBN: 9781118776261 Cover images: middle left and bottom right – courtesy of Dr. Shivakumar Subramaniyam Printed in Singapore 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Acknowledgments, viii Other spongiotic/eczematous tissue reactions, 40 Other causes of subacute eczematous dermatitis, 40 Interface dermatitis: cell-poor vacuolar interface dermatitis, 42 1 Introduction to the Classification of Lymphoma, 1 Interface dermatitis: lichenoid pattern, 46 Kiel Lukes–Collins, and Working Formulation Diffuse and nodular lymphocytic dermal infiltrates classifications, 1 without atypia, 51 WHO, REAL, EORTC, and the Combined WHO/EORTC Diffuse and nodular lymphocytic infiltrates associated classifications, 2 with autoimmune disease, 53 Summary, 7 References, 57 References, 8 Appendix: Definitions of key terms and techniques, 9 5 Reactive Lymphomatoid Tissue Reactions Mimicking Cutaneous T and B Cell Lymphoma, 59 2 The Therapy of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma, 14 Lymphomatoid drug eruptions, 59 Benjamin H. Kaffenberger, Mark A. Bechtel, and Pierluigi Porcu Molecular profile of lymphomatoid drug eruptions, 61 Introduction, 14 Pathogenetic basis of lymphomatoid drug reactions, 62 Diagnostic work-up and staging procedures, 14 Reactive lymphomatoid lesions encountered in lesions of CTCL therapies, 15 collagen vascular disease, 63 Goals of therapy in advanced-stage CTCL, 16 Angiomatous Variants of Pseudolymphoma, 67 Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), 17 Case vignettes, 69 Interferons, 17 References, 86 Retinoids, 17 Immunotoxins, 18 6 Precursor Lesions of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma, 89 Monoclonal antibodies, 18 Cutaneous T cell lymphoid dyscrasia, 89 Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), 19 Large plaque parapsoriasis, 90 Antibody drug conjugates (ADC), 19 Hypopigmented interface T cell dyscrasia: a unique indolent T Cytotoxic chemotherapy, 19 cell dyscrasia, 91 Investigational therapies, 20 Pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD), 92 TLR agonists and cytokines, 20 Pityriasis lichenoides, 94 Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), 20 Idiopathic erythroderma (pre-Sézary), 96 References, 21 Syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia, 96 Folliculotropic T cell lymphocytosis/pilotropic T cell 3 Molecular Analysis in Cutaneous Lymphoid dyscrasia, 97 Proliferation, 23 Idiopathic follicular mucinosis/alopecia mucinosa, 98 Shabnam Momtahen, Cynthia Magro, and Carl Morrison Keratoderma-like T cell dyscrasia, 99 Introduction, 23 Atypical lymphocytic lobular panniculitis, 100 Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor structure, 23 Case vignettes, 102 PCR design for determination of clonality, 24 References, 132 Detection of PCR products for clonality, 24 Evaluation of results, 25 7 Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Other Related Post The value and utility of molecular diagnostics in primary Germinal Center B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders of cutaneous lymphomas, 26 The Skin, 134 Limitations of clonality assessment by PCR, 27 Marginal zone lymphoma, 134 Case vignettes, 29 Blastic marginal zone lymphoma, 140 References, 36 Epidermotropic marginal zone lymphoma, 140 Castleman disease, 141 4 Benign Lymphocytic Infiltrates, 37 Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma, 142 Introduction, 37 Case vignettes, 145 Spongiotic and eczematous dermatitis, 37 References, 166 v vi Contents 8 Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Cell Lymphoma, 169 Lymphoma, and T-Cell-Rich CD30-Positive Large B Cell Clinical features, 169 Lymphoma, 274 Pathology, 169 Introduction, 274 Phenotypic profile, 171 Lymphomatoid papulosis, 274 Molecular studies, 172 CD8+ lymphomatoid papulosis, including the type Pathogenesis, 172 D variant, 278 Cytogenetics, 172 Type E lymphomatoid papulosis Case vignettes, 174 (Case vignette 15), 278 Additional molecular and cytogenetic study, 185 Borderline CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders References, 186 (type C LYP) (Case vignette 9), 279 Lymphomatoid papulosis with a rearrangement of 9 Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma chromosome 6p25.3, 279 Including the Leg Type and Precursor B Cell Lymphoblastic Cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 280 Lymphoma, 187 Small cell ALCL, 282 Primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 187 Additional unusual histologic variants of anaplastic large cell Systemic diffuse large B cell lymphomas with a propensity to lymphoma, 282 involve the skin, 197 Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large cell Case vignettes, 200 lymphoma, 282 Additional light microscopic, phenotypic, molecular, Intravascular anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 282 cytogenetic studies, 210 Sarcomatoid anaplastic large cell lymphoma References, 215 (Case vignette 14), 283 CD30-positive large B cell lymphoma, 285 Case vignettes, 286 10 Intravascular Lymphoma, 218 References, 309 Clinical features, 218 Light microscopic findings, 219 Phenotypic profile, 219 14 CD4+ Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Molecular and cytogenetic studies, 219 Specified, Including Primary Cutaneous Cd4+ Small/ Pathogenesis, 219 Medium-Sized Pleomorphic T Cell Lymphoma, 312 Differential diagnosis, 219 Introduction, 312 Intravascular anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 219 Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium-sized pleomorphic Benign intravascular proliferations of histiocytes and reactive T cell lymphoma, 312 T cells, 220 CD30-negative large cell T cell lymphoma, 313 Case vignettes, 221 Cutaneous follicular helper T cell lymphoma, 314 References, 224 Overview of overall prognosis of primary cutaneous peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified, 315 Evolution of the nomenclature of primary cutaneous CD4+ 11 Cutaneous Mantle Cell Lymphoma, 225 small/medium-sized pleomorphic T cell lymphoma, 319 Clinical features, 225 Case vignettes, 320 Light microscopic findings, 225 References, 333 Phenotypic profile, 226 Molecular studies, 227 Cytogenetic profile, 227 15 Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T Cell Lymphoma, 334 Pathogenesis, 227 Clinical features, 334 Case vignettes, 229 Morphology, 336 Additional molecular and cytogenetic studies, 233 Phenotype, 337 References, 234 Molecular studies, 337 Differential diagnosis, 337 Case vignettes, 340 12 Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome, 236 References, 349 Definition, 236 Mycosis fungoides, 236 Sézary syndrome and erythrodermic mycosis fungoides, 243 16 CD8 T Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease of the Skin, 351 Large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides, 251 Overview, 351 Extracutaneous involvement in mycosis fungoides, 254 Introduction, 351 Case vignettes, 259 Classification of primary CD8+ cutaneous References, 271 T cell lymphomas, 352 Histomorphology of primary cutaneous CD8+ T cell 13 CD30-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders Including lymphoma: primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic Lymphomatoid Papulosis, Borderline CD30-Positive CD8+ T cell lymphoma, and CD8+ variants of Lymphoproliferative Disease, Anaplastic Large Cell peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS, including primary Contents vii cutaneous CD8+ granulomatous T cell lymphoma, 353 methotrexate or cyclosporine, 421 CD8 variant of lymphomatoid papulosis and other related Case vignettes, 423 CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders of CD8 References, 432 subtype, 354 20 Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Skin, 435 Light microscopic findings, 354 Clinical features, 435 Indolent CD8 positive lymphoid proliferation of the face and Subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma, 436 other body sites including acral surfaces, 355 References, 447 CD8 prolymphocytic leukemia, 355 CD8 pseudolymphoma related to underlying HIV disease, 356 21 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia of B Cell and T Cell Drug-associated CD8+ pseudolymphoma, 356 Prolymphocytic Leukemia, 449 Actinic reticuloid as a unique form of CD8+ B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 449 pseudolymphoma, 356 T cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 452 Case vignettes, 357 Case vignettes, 455 References, 375 References, 471 17 Nasal and Related Extranodal Natural Killer Cell/T Cell 22 Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma, 473 Lymphomas and Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Clinical features, 473 Neoplasm, 377 Pathology, 474 Introduction, 377 Phenotypic studies, 475 Biology of NK and NK-like T cells, 377 Pathogenesis, 475 NK/T-cell lymphoma, 379 Infective dermatitis of childhood, 476 Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma, 379 Case vignettes, 477 Nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma, 380 References, 484 Aggressive NK cell lymphoma, 380 Role of Epstein–Barr virus in the evolution of NK/T cell lymphomas, 382 23 Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/ Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, 382 Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma, 486 CD56-positive γ δ lymphoma involving the subcutaneous fat, Clinical features, 486 383 Light microscopic findings, 487 Chronic granular lymphocytosis/large granular cell leukemia, 384 Phenotypic studies, 488 Natural killer-like CD4+ T cell lymphoma, 384 Molecular studies, 488 EBV-associated NK/T cell lymphomas of the elderly, 385 Pathogenesis, 489 Hydroa vaccineforme (HV)-like lymphoma, 385 Case vignettes, 491 Cutaneous intravascular NK T cell lymphoma, 386 References, 497 Case vignettes, 387 References, 401 24 Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis, 499 Introduction, 499 18 Primary Cutaneous γ δ T Cell Lymphoma, 404 Clinical features, 499 Introduction, 404 Histopathology, 500 Case vignettes, 409 Histogenesis, 501 Additional supplemental figures, 411 Clonality studies, 501 References, 414 Differential diagnosis, 501 Treatment, 502 Case vignette, 503 19 Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative References, 506 Disease, 415 Introduction, 415 Hydroa vacciniforme-like EBV-associated T cell 25 Cutaneous Infiltrates of Myeloid Derivation 507 lymphoproliferative disease/mosquito bite hypersensitivity, 416 Introduction, 507 EBV+ cutaneous B cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the Leukemia cutis, 507 elderly, 420 Clonal histiocytopathy syndromes, 509 EBV-associated mucocutaneous ulcer, 421 Histiocytopathy of factor XIIIA perivascular dermal dendritic EBV + T cell lymphoproliferative disease of the elderly, 421 cell origin, 514 General principles regarding EBV-associated Case vignettes, 517 lymphomagenesis, 421 References, 537 Pathogenetic link between EBV-associated B cell lymphoma and iatrogenic immune dysregulation related to either Index, 541 Acknowledgments The authors would like to express special thanks for editorial support to Arthi Kumar at New York-Presbyterian/Queens Hospital and Shabnam Momtahen of Weill Cornell Medicine. Their assistance has been invaluable. Cynthia M. Magro A. Neil Crowson Martin C. Mihm viii
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